Digital Technology

History of the Computer

9th A

Oziel David Aorve Garza

Elas Daniel Cant de la Torre
Alejandro Garza Guevara
Francisco Lugo Mestre
Salvador Salazar Escobedo
Hernn Salinas Ibarra

#2
#3
#10
#20
#33
#34

1822

1890

1936

1937

1943-1944

John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert

built
the
Electronic
Numerical
Integrator and Calculator (ENIAC), it
is considered the grandfather of
computers. It fills a 20-foot by 40-foot
room and it has 18,000 vacuum
tubes.

1946

Mauchly and Presper left the

University of Pennsylvania and
received funding from the Census
Bureau to build the UNIVA, the first
commercial
computer.

Alan Turing presents the

universal machine (later
called
the
Turing
machine). The concept
of modern computer was
based on his ideas.

1947

William Shockley, John Bardeen and

Walter Brattain of Bell Laboratories
invent the transistor. They discovered
how to make an electric switch with
solid materials and no need for a
vacuum.

J.V. Atanasoff, a physics

and
mathematics
professor in Iowa built
the first computer without
gears, cams, belts or
shafts.

1953

The first computer language known

as COBOL was created by Grace
Hopper. Thomas Johnson Watson Jr.
conceives the IBM 701 EDPM to help
the United Nations in the war.

Charles Babbage, an
English mathematician,
creates a calculating
machine, however, this
project was a failure.
Herman
Hollerith
designs a punch system
that calculated the 1880
census. This saved the
government 5 million
dollars, later he funded
the IBM.

1954

1958

1964

The FORTRAN programming

language is born.

Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce

made public the integrated circuit
or computer chip. Kilby won the
Nobel Prize in Physics in 2000.
Douglas Engelbart display a
modern computer prototype with
mouse and a graphical user
interface (GUI). This marked the
evolution of the computer.

1970
The newly formed Intel took out the
Intel 1103, the first Dynamic Access
Memory (DRAM) chip.
1971
Alan Shugart started a team of IBM
engineers who invented the floppy
disk, this made possible to share
data
among
computers.
1973
Robert Metcalfe, a staff researcher
for Xerox, developed Ethernet for
connecting multiple computers and
other
hardware.

1969
Developers
at
Bell
Labs
produced UNIX, an operating
system that had addressed
issues. UNIX became the
operating system at companies
and for the government. Because
of the slowness, it never gained
traction in home PC users.

1974-1977

Personal computers hit the market,

including Scelbi & Mark-8 Altair, IBM
5100, RadioShacks TRS-80 (known
as the Trash 80) and the
Commodore PET.

1975

The January issue of Popular

Electronics magazine features
Altair 8080, the first minicomputer
kit to rival commercial models.
Paul Allen and Bill Gates, wrote
the software for Altair, using the
BASIC
language.
After
the
success they founded Microsoft.

1979
Word Processing becomes a
reality as MicroPro International
releases Word Star
1981

The first IBM personal computer,

code-named "Acorn", is introduced. It
has an Intel chip, two floppy disks
and an optional color monitor. Sears
& Roebuck and Computerland sell
the machines, this popularized the
term PC.

1983

Apples Lisa becomes the first

computer with GUI featuring icons.
This becomes the Macintosh. The
Gavilan SC is the first portable
computer with a flip form factor and is
known as the first laptop.

1985

Microsoft,
announces
Windows.
Commodore features advances in
audio and video. The first dot-com
domain is registered. The SCC, a
small
computer
manufacturer,
creates Symbolics.com.

1976
Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak
started Apple Computers on April
Fool's Day and released the Apple
I, the first computer with a singlecircuit board.
1977

Radio Shacks initial production of

the TRS-80 that allowed people to
write programs and make a
computer do what they wished.
Jobs and Wozniak incorporate
Apple and show the Apple II.

1978
Accountants joyed the introduction
of VisiCalc, the first computerized
spreadsheet program.

1986

1990

Compaq brings Deskpro 386 to

the market. Its 32 bit architecture
provides speed comparable to the
mainframes.

1996

Tim Berners Lee, a researcher at

CERN, a high-energy physics
laboratory in Geneva develops
HyperText
Markup
Language
(HTML), giving growth to the
World
Wide
Web.

1997

1993

Sergey Brin and Larry Page

develop the Google search engine
at Stanford University.

1999
The
Pentium
microprocessor
advances the use of graphics and
music
on
PCs.

1994

Microsoft invests 150 million on

Apple. Struggling at first and
ending Apple's court case against
them. They alleged that Microsoft
had copied the "look and feel" of
their operating system.
The term Wi-Fi becomes part of
computing language and people
start to connect to the Internet via
wireless.

2000
PCs become gaming machines as
"Command & Conquer," "Alone in
the Dark 2," "Theme Park," "Magic
Carpet," "Descent" and "Little Big
Adventure" are among the games
to
hit
the
market.

Sony releases Playstation 2.

2001

2003

Apple announce the Mac OS X

operating system. Microsoft rolls
out Windows XP, with a redesigned
GUI.

2009

The first 64-bit processor, AMD

Athlon 64, becomes available to
the consumer market.

2010

2005
YouTube, a community of sharing
videos, is founded. Google gets
Android.
2006

2008

Microsoft launches Windows 7,

which enables to pin applications to
the taskbar and advances in touch
and handwriting recognition.

Apple reveals the iPad, changing

the way consumers view media.
2011
Google releases the Chromebook,
a laptop that runs the Google
Chrome OS.
2012
Facebook gains 1 billion users on
October 4.

Apple introduces the MacBook Pro,

its first mobile computer, as well as
an Intel-based iMac. Nintendos Wii
game console hits the market.
2015
The iPhone brings computer
functions to the smartphone.

Apple releases the Apple Watch.

Microsoft releases Windows 10.