Optimism
Utilization
Improving qualities
using Natural Bentonite
d1
H2O
d2
d1 < d2
Dried Montmorilonite
Wet Montmorilonite
BAGAIMANA
MENYUSUN
TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ?
TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
Adalah uraian state of the art
dari penelitian
terdahulu yang didalamnya termasuk uraian tentang
posisi
dari
penelitian
yang
dilakukan
terhadap
perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dalam bidang yang
sama. Penelitian yang dilakukan bukanlah suatu kegiatan
yang berdiri sendiri tetapi sesuatu kegiatan penelitian
yang berkaitan dengan hasil penelitian sebelumnya.
Dalam tinjauan pustaka harus dielaborasikan hasil-hasil
penelitian terdahulu yang terkait dgn masalah penelitian
yang akan dilakukan. Elaborasi dibahas sedemikian rupa
sehingga dapat memberikan gambaran tentang garis
depan (front line ) dari penelitian yang akan dilakukan.
Tinjauan pustaka bukan hanya sebagai uraian tentang
metoda dan /ataupun dasar-dasar teori yang sudah lazim
TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
Tinjauan pustaka hendaklah disusun sesuai dengan
urutan waktu perkembangan cabang ilmu pengetahuan
yang sesuai dengan topik penelitian
Tinjauan pustaka berisi uraian tentang kesimpulan dari
setiap judul pustaka yang tercantum dalam daftar
pustaka.
Tinjauan pustaka berisi uraian tentang mengapa dan
bagaimana masalah penelitian dipilih serta arah yang
akan ditempuh dalam menyelesaikan masalah penelitian
Tinjauan pustaka berisi uraian tentang nilai kebaruan
,orisinalitas, kebenaran/keabsahan dan kontribusi ilmiah
dari penelitian yang dilakukan
TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
TINJAUAN
PUSTAKA
LANDASAN
TEORI
FAKTA-FAKTA
YANG TELAH
ADA
JUDUL
PENELITIAN
KUMPULAN
KATA KUNCI
TINJAUAN
PUSTAKA
TEORI-TEORI
YANG TELAH
ADA
PENGARUH KONSENTRASI
BASA PADA AKTIVASI ZEOLIT
SEBAGAI FILLER DAN
KORELASINYA TERHADAP
SIFAT MEKANIK KOMPOSIT
PVA-ZEOLIT-CLAY
Pengaruh
Konsentras
i Basa
Aktivasi
Zeolit
Zeolit
Filler
PENGARUH KONSENTRASI
BASA PADA AKTIVASI
ZEOLIT SEBAGAI FILLER
DAN KORELASINYA
TERHADAP SIFAT MEKANIK
KOMPOSIT PVA-ZEOLITCLAY
Sifat
Mekanik
Komposit
PVA-ZeolitClay ?
Komposit
PVA-Zeolit-Clay
Sifat Mekanik
Komposit ?
Aktivasi
Zeolit
Pengaruh
Konsentrasi
Basa
Zeolit
as Filler
Pengaruh
Konsentrasi
Basa ?
Aktivasi
Zeolit ?
Zeolit
Filler ?
Komposit
PVA-ZeolitClay ?
ApakahPVA-Zeolit-Clay,
fungsi PVA,Struktur
Zeolitdan
dan
Clay
dalam
1. Komposit
Sifat
Mekaniknya
komposit
1.1 Arti Komposit
1.2
Komposit PVA-Zeolit-Clay
PVA-Zeolit-Clay
1.2.1 Review
sintesis
PVA-Zeolit-Clay
Mengapa
perlu
dibuat
komposit PVA-zeolit-Clay ?
1.2.2 Peranan PVA, Zeolit dan Clay dalam pembentukan
komposit
1.3 Struktur dan Sifat mekanik komposit
1.3.1 Strutur dan karaterisasi komposit
Veerapur et
al.
(2005)
Komposit
PVA-Zeolit
Ling et
al.
(2008)
Nath et al.
(2010)
Sifat mekanik
komposit naik
dengan naiknya
jumlah zeolit T
Clay berfungsi
sebagai homogenizer
agent dan bersifat
dispersabilitas pada
komposit
Ide dasar
pembuatan
komposit
PVA-Zeolit
Alam
Ide PVAZeolit-Clay
Ide aktivasi
zeolit untuk
pembuatan
Komposit
PVA-Zeolit-Clay
ABSTRACT
A simple solvothermal impregnation method was used to
prepare ZnO nanoparticles supported on MCM-41 and SBA15. X-ray powder diffraction, N2 adsorptiondesorption,
Electron Probe Micro Analysis (EPMA), and UVvis
spectroscopy were used to characterize the prepared
materials. The influence of the ZnO loading of different
supports on the structural characteristics and the
photocatalytic activity toward degradation of methylene blue
in water under ultraviolet irradiation were investigated. Wide
angle X-ray diffraction and UVvis Diffuse Reflectance
confirmed the existence of ZnO phase. A much smaller
influence of impregnation with ethanolic zinc salt solution on
the porosity was observed for SBA-15 compared with MCM41. Finally, the adsorption and photocatalytic activity of the
ZnO/mesoporous materials depend on porous characteristics
of the support materials.
ABSTRACT
A simple solvothermal impregnation method was used to
prepare ZnO nanoparticles supported on MCM-41 and
SBA-15.
X-ray powder diffraction, N2 adsorptiondesorption,
Electron Probe Micro Analysis (EPMA), and UVvis
spectroscopy were used to characterize the prepared
materials.
The influence of the ZnO loading of different supports on
the structural characteristics and the photocatalytic
activity toward degradation of methylene blue in water
under ultraviolet irradiation were investigated.
Wide angle X-ray diffraction and UVvis Diffuse
Reflectance confirmed the existence of ZnO phase.
A much smaller influence of impregnation with ethanolic
zinc salt solution on the porosity was observed for SBA15 compared with MCM-41..
INTRODUCTION
Owing to its n-type IIVI semiconductor
properties such us a large exciton-binding energy
of about (60 meV) and the direct wide band gap
(3.37 eV) at room temperature, the nanocrystals of
ZnO has attracted considerable attention as a
photocatalyst for the degradation of organic
pollutants in water and air because of its
advantage
in non-toxic nature,
high
The nanocrystalline
ZnOlow-cost,
is a and
potential
reactivity
candidate [1].
in a variety of applications [2] such as
optoelectronics in the short wavelength range,
information storage, gas sensors [3], catalyst [4],
photocatalyst [58], solar cells [9], luminescent
material [10], and antibacterial material [11].
INTRODUCTION
However, low chemical and temperature
stability of the ZnO nanoparticles (dissolution to
yield
Zn(OH)2
on
the
ZnO
surface)
and
photocorrosion with release of metal ions into the
environment limit the practical applications of
theseIn
nanocrystalline
ZnO the
systems
[12].of the ZnO
order to control
stability
nanoparticles, colloidal solutions [13], porous
glasses [14], polymers [15, 16], and alumina have
been used as hosts for these metal oxide
nanoparticles.
Porous materials with uniform pore sizes,
such as zeolites [17, 18] and mesoporous silica [19,
20], are particularly interesting as host matrices
for
loading
metals
and
semiconductor
nanoparticles. These supported metal oxide
particles
have
important
applications
in
INTRODUCTION
Nanocrystalline ZnO with different particle
morphologies and sizes, as particles, clusters,
layers, nanorods, nanowires, nanopellets, films,
etc., can grow on internal and external surfaces of
the porous supports using different methods such
as chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [2325], the
vapourliquidsolid (VLS) method [26], the solgel
method [27, 28], and various impregnation
methods [2931], wet chemical synthesis [32],
mechanochemical,
and so on.
Two most common
types of mesoporous
silicas involve MCM-41 and SBA-15 materials. Both
solids have well-ordered hexagonal porosity,
thermal stability, and high surface area [33, 34].
The main difference between these materials is the
size of pore diameter: SBA-15 has pores up to 300
A and MCM-41 up to 100 A.
INTRODUCTION
10.The well ordered SBA-15 possesses thicker pore
walls, wider pore sizes, and higher thermal and
hydrothermal stability than MCM-41.
BAGAIMANA MELIHAT
STATE THE ART DAN FRONT LINE
SUATU INTRODUCTION ?
TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
Dalam penulisan tinjauan pustaka ada dua urian penting
yaitu uraian tentang :
i.State of the art adalah uraian tentang posisi penelitian
yang akan dilakukan dalam konteks perkembangan ilmu
pengetahuan dalam bidang penelitian yang sama.
Penelitian yang dilakukan bukanlah suatu kegiatan yang
berdiri sendiri tetapi merupakan bagian dan kelanjutan
dari kegiatan penelitian terdahulu.
ii.Front line yaitu uraian tentang nilai kontribusi dan
kebaruan dari penelitian yang dilakukan terhadap
penelitian terdahulu.
INTRODUCTION
1. Owing to its n-type IIVI semiconductor
properties such us a large exciton-binding
energy of about (60 meV) and the direct wide
band gap (3.37 eV) at room temperature, the
nanocrystals of ZnO has attracted considerable
attention as a photocatalyst for the degradation
of organic pollutants in water and air because of
its advantage in non-toxic nature, low-cost, and
high reactivity [1].
General background
3. However,
low
chemical
and
temperature
stability of the ZnO nanoparticles (dissolution to
yield Zn(OH)2 on the ZnO surface) and
photocorrosion with release of metal ions into
the environment limit the practical applications
of these nanocrystalline ZnO systems [12].
Spesific background
Spesific background
Spesific background
Alasan penggunaan MCM-41 dan SBA-15 yang memiliki
porositas heksagonal yang teratur, stabilitas termal dan
luas permukaan yang tinggi.
Perbedaan pore size diameter MCM-41 dan SBA-15
Perbedaan sifat fisis MCM-41 dan SBA-15
Spesific background
Alasan pemilihan metoda sintesis nano ZnO
Identifikasi masalah sintesis nano ZnO pada support
material yaitu high loading tanpa merusak struktur
10.A
comparative
study
between
structural
properties of ZnO/MCM-41 and ZnO/SBA-15
materials was evaluated.
11.The performance of these materials toward the
photocatalytic degradation of dyes in aqueous
solution was studied.
12.The photocatalytic activity is in relation with
their structural properties and aggregation.
INTRODUCTION
General background
Spesific background
Front line
4.
Front line
1. Sintesis highly dispersed of nano ZnO on the internal
and external surface of siliceous mesoporous support by
solvo termal impregnation method.
2. Support materials remains unchanged after impregnation
3. A comparative study between structural properties of
ZnO/MCM-41 and ZnO/SBA-15 materials was evaluated.
4. The performance of these materials toward the photo
catalytic degradation of dyes in aqueous solution was
studied.
5. The photo catalytic activity is in relation with their
structural properties and aggregation.
CONCLUSION
1. Structural,
surface,
and
adsorption
/
photocatalytic properties were compared for
ZnO loaded on different mesoporous materials
(MCM-41 and SBA-15) obtained through an
impregnation method with a non-aqueous
Zn(ac)2 solution.
2. High ZnO loadings (up to 38%) can be achieved
on the host materials without degradation of
the structural properties of the support
material, even when high loadings are applied.
3. The information acquired by XRD, nitrogen
adsorptiondesorption
and
UV-Diffuse
Reflectance techniques demonstrate that ZnO
is present in both crystalline and amorphous
phases.
PENDAHULUAN
Latar Belakang
Tujuan Penelitian
Metodologi Penelitian
Prakiraan hasil
MAKALAH
1.PENDAHULUAN
2. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
3. METODA PENELITIAN
2. METODA PENELITIAN
4. KESIMPULAN
4. KESIMPULAN
6. Saran
6. Daftar Pustaka
7. Daftar Pustaka
ABSTRAK
PENDAHULUAN
Latar Belakang
Tujuan Penelitian
Metodologi Penelitian
Prakiraan hasil
2. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
3. METODA PENELITIAN
3. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN
2. PEMBAHASAN
4. KESIMPULAN
3. KESIMPULAN
6. Saran
5. Daftar Pustaka
7. Daftar Pustaka
Mengapa ??
Mengapa ??
1. Periset dan Perilakunya
2. Institusi Riset
3. Riset Universitas
4. Kebijakan Riset
5. Fasilitas Riset
.
6. Dana Riset, dll
Bung Karno
16 Agustus 1963