Metode Numerik - Interpolasi PDF
Metode Numerik - Interpolasi PDF
Oleh
Dian Yayan Sukma, ST., MT.
JTE FT-UR
2011
Persamaan Lagrange:
p1 (x)= L0(x).f(x0) + L1(x).f(x1)
x = x0
: p1 (x0)= f(x0)
L0(x0)=1 dan L1(x0)=0.
x = x1
: p1 (x1) = f(x1)
L0(x1)=0 dan L1(x1)=1.
x x1
L0 ( x ) =
x0 x1
x x0
, L1 (x ) =
x1 x0
x x0
x x1
p1 (x ) =
. f ( x0 ) +
. f (x1 )
x0 x1
x1 x0
[
(
x x1 )(
. x x2 )
x 2 ( x1 + x2 ).x + x1.x2 ]
L0 ( x ) =
= 2
(x0 x1 )(. x0 x2 ) [x0 (x1 + x2 ).x0 + x1.x2 ]
[
(
x x0 )(
. x x2 )
x 2 ( x0 + x2 ).x + x0 .x2 ]
L1 ( x ) =
= 2
(x1 x0 )(. x1 x2 ) [x1 (x0 + x2 ).x1 + x0 .x2 ]
[
(
x x0 )(
. x x1 )
x 2 ( x0 + x1 ).x + x0 .x1 ]
L2 ( x ) =
= 2
(x2 x0 )(. x2 x1 ) [x2 (x0 + x1 ).x2 + x0 .x1 ]
Pengali Lagrange:
(
x x1 )(
. x x2 )...( x xn )
l (x )
L0 ( x ) =
=
l0 ( x0 ) ( x0 x1 )(
. x0 x2 )...( x0 xn )
(
x x0 )(
. x x1 )....( xn xn 1 )
l (x )
Ln ( x ) =
=
ln ( xn ) ( xn x0 )(
. xn x1 )....( xn xn 1 )
en ( x ) = f ( x ) pn ( x )
L(0)
f(x)
30
2.5
20
L(2)
P(x)
10
1.5
-10
-20
-30
-40
0.5
-50
L(1)
-60
10
12
14
16
18
10
12
14
16
18
f n pn 1 (x )
an =
(x x0 )(. x x1 )...(x xn1 )
n=1:
n=2:
a2 =
=
f 1 p0 ( x )
f f
a1 =
= 1 0 = f [x0 , x1 ]
(x1 x0 ) (x1 x0 )
f 2 p1 ( x )
a2 =
(x2 x0 )(. x2 x1 )
f 2 f 0 (x2 x0 ) f [x0 , x1 ]
=
(x2 x0 )(. x2 x1 )
f1 f 0
(x1 x0 ) = (x1 x0 )( f 2 f 0 ) (x2 x0 )( f1 f 0 )
(x2 x0 )(. x2 x1 )
(x2 x0 )(. x2 x1 )(. x1 x0 )
f 2 f 0 ( x 2 x0 )
x2 f 0 x2 f1 + x1 f 2 x1 f 0 x0 f 2 + x0 f1 + [x0 f 0 x0 f 0 ] x2 f 0 x2 f1 + x1 f 2 x1 f 0 + [x1 f1 x1 f1 ] x0 f 2 + x0 f1
=
(x2 x0 )(. x2 x1 )(. x1 x0 )
(x2 x0 )(. x2 x1 )(. x1 x0 )
(xk x0 )
f ( x ) pn ( x ) = f 0 + ( x x0 ). f [x0 , x1 ]
+ (x x0 )(
. x x1 ). f [x0 , x1 , x2 ] + ...
+ (x x0 )...( x xn1 ) f [x0 ,..., xn ]
Kesalahan:
en ( x ) = f ( x ) pn ( x )
k f j = k 1 f j +1 k 1 f j .
k = 1,2,3,..., n
f [x0 , x1 ] =
f1 f 0 1
1
= ( f1 f 0 ) = f 0
x1 x0 h
h
f 2 f1 f1 f 0 1
(f f 0 ) 2 f
f [x1 , x2 ] f [x0 , x1 ] x2 x1 x1 x0 h 1
0
f [x0 , x1 , x2 ] =
=
=
=
x2 x0
2h
2h
2!.h 2
x3 x1
x2 x0
f [x1 , x2 , x3 ] f [x0 , x1 , x2 ]
f [x0 , x1 , x2 , x3 ] =
=
x3 x0
x3 x0
1 1
1
(f 2 f1 ) (f1 f 0 )
2 f1 2 f 0 3 f 0
2h h
h
=
=
=
3h
3.2.1.h 3
3!.h 3
f [x0 , x1 ,..., xn ] =
1
n
.
f0
n
n!.h
+ ( x x0 )(
. x x1 ). f [x0 , x1 , x2 ] + ...
disederhanakan menjadi:
r (r 1) 2
r (r 1)...(r n + 1) n
f ( x ) pn ( x ) = f 0 + r.f 0 +
. f 0 + ... +
. f 0
2!
n!
Kesalahan:
en ( x ) = f ( x ) pn ( x )
k f j = k 1 f j k 1 f j 1
k = 1,2,3,..., n
f [x1 , x0 ] =
f 0 f 1 1
1
= ( f 0 f 1 ) = f 0
x0 x1 h
h
f 0 f 1 f 1 f 2 1
(f 0 f 1 ) 2 f
f [x1 , x0 ] f [x 2 , x1 ] x0 x1 x1 x 2 h
0
f [x 2 , x1 , x0 ] =
=
=
=
2
x0 x 2
2.h
2.h
2!.h
f [x1 , x0 ] f [x 2 , x1 ] f [x 2 , x1 ] f [x3 , x 2 ]
x
x
x
f [x 2 , x1 , x0 ] f [x3 , x 2 , x1 ]
2
1
3
0
f [x3 , x 2 , x1 , x0 ] =
=
x0 x3
x0 x3
1 1
1
(f 0 f 1 ) (f 1 f 2 )
2 f 0 2 f 1 3 f 0
2.h h
h
=
=
=
3h
3.2.1.h 3
3!.h 3
f [x n , x n +1 ,..., x0 ] =
1
n
.
f0
n
n!.h
+ ( x x0 )(
. x x1 ). f [x0 , x1 , x2 ] + ...
disederhanakan menjadi:
r (r + 1) 2
r (r + 1)...(r + n 1) n
f ( x ) pn ( x ) = f 0 + r.f 0 +
. f 0 + ... +
. f 0
2!
n!
Kesalahan:
en ( x ) = f ( x ) pn ( x )
Cubic Polynomial
g(xn) = kn.
[
]
+ f (x ).c .(x x ) [1 2c .(x x )]
+ k .c .(x x )(
. xx )
+ k .c .(x x ) .(x x )
j +1
j +1
j +1
j +1
j +1
Nilai konstanta h:
h = x j +1 x j
2c j .x 3 + (1 4c j .x j +1 2c j .x j ).x 2
2
2
p j ( x ) = f (x j ).c j .+ 4c j .x j +1.x j + 2c j .x j +1 2 x j +1 .x
2
2
+ x j +1 2c j .x j +1 .x j
2c j .x 3 + (1 + 4c j .x j + 2c j .x j +1 ).x 2
2
2
+ f (x j +1 ).c j .+ 4c j .x j +1.x j 2c j .x j 2 x j .x
2
2
+ x j 2c j .x j +1.x j
(
(
(
(
)
).x x
+ k j .c j . x 3 (2 x j +1 + x j ).x 2 + x j +1 + 2 x j +1.x j .x x j +1 .x j
2
j +1 . x j
]
]
6
c
.
x
+ (2 8c j .x j +1 4c j .x j ).x
j
2
p j ' ( x ) = f (x j ).c j .
2
+ 4c j .x j +1.x j + 2c j .x j +1 2 x j +1
2
6
c
.
x
+ (1 + 8c j .x j + 4c j .x j +1 ).x
j
2
+ f (x j +1 ).c j .
2
+ 4c j .x j +1.x j 2c j .x j 2 x j
+ k j .c j . 3x 2 (4 x j +1 + 2 x j ).x + x j +1 + 2 x j +1.x j
2
)]
)]
[
.[6 x (4 x
+ f (x j +1 ).c j . 12c j .x + (1 + 8c j .x j + 4c j .x j +1 )
2
+ k j .c j
= 12c j . f (x j ) f (x j +1 ) + 6c j . k j + k j +1
3
j +1 + 2 x j ) + k j +1 .c j . 6 x (2 x j +1 + 4 x j )
pn 1 (x ),
x0 x x1
x1 x x2
...
xn 1 x xn
f0 = -4 dan f2 = 4
Lebar interval: h=x1 - x0 = 0 (-1) = 1
Jumlah partisi: n=2
p0(x) = a00 + a01(x-x0)+a02(x-x0)+a03(x-x0) -1 x 0
p1(x) = a10 + a11(x-x1) + a12(x-x1) +a13(x-x1) 0 x 1
Konstanta k:
k0 = f0 = -4 dan k2 = f2 = 4
k0+4k1+k2=(3/h)(f2 f0) =(3/1)(1-1)=0
-4 + 4k1 + 4 = 0
k1 = 0
Koefisien p0:
a00 =f0 = 1
a01 =k0 = -4
a02 = (3/h2)(f1-f0)-(1/h)(k1+2k0)=3.(0-1)-1.(0-8)=5
a03 = (2/h3)(f0-f1)+(1/h2)(k1+k0)=2.(1-0)+1.(0-4)=-2
Koefisien p1:
a10 =f1 = 0
a11 =k1 = 0
a12 = (3/h2)(f2-f1)-(1/h)(k2+2k1)=3.(1-0)-1.(4-0)=-1
a13 = (2/h3)(f1-f2)+(1/h2)(k2+k1)=2.(0-1)+1.(4+0)=2
Kurva Fungsi: f(x) dan p(x) dengan Splines Interpolation Cubic Polynomial
1.2
f(x)
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
P(x)
-0.2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0.5
1.5