3/3/2011

GeoelectricalMethods
Geo
forGeothermalExploration
Dr.Hendra Grandis
Faculty of Mining and Petroleum
FacultyofMiningandPetroleum
Engineering ITB

ElectricalPropertiesofRocks

Electriccurrentsflowingthrougharockformationaremostly
duetoporefluids.

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ElectricalPropertiesofRocks

Anelectricalmodelforaporousrock
containingporefluids(water).

Conductivity Salinity
Conductivity
Salinity Temperature

Conductivityofelectrolyte
fluidasfunctionofsalinity.

ConductivityofNaCl asfunction
ofsalinityandtemperature.

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ArchiesLaw

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ArchiesLawCurve

Archies

ArchiesLawCurve

Bulkresistivityasafunctionofporefluidresistivityfor
differenttemperaturesandporosities(Flvenzetal.,1985).

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ResistivityofRocks

AlterationMineralogy

Lowresistivitylayer
mayindicatecaprock
ofageothermalsystem
g
y

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AlterationandResistivity

TTaupoVolcanicZone,NZ
V l i Z
NZ
Apparentresistivity map
AB/2=500m

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TTaupoVolcanicZone,NZ
V l i Z
NZ
Apparentresistivity map
AB/2=1000m

ResistivityStructurefromMT

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Resistivity
Structure
fromMT

MT,CSAMTandWellData

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MT,CSAMTandWellData

GeothermalGradient

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Conductivity TemperatureRelationship
Arrheniusequation

Reactionratevs.temperature

Conductivity TemperatureRelationship
Arrheniusequation

Extensiontoconductivityvs.temperature

T = 0 exp
R
T

ln T = ln 0

E
RT

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ArrheniusEquationCurve

Linear relationship between (ln T) and (T

(T-1)

Resistivity
Resisti
vity TemperatureRelationship
Arrheniusequation

Resistivityvs.Temperature

T = 0 exp
R
T

ln T = ln 0 +

E
RT

Differentiationwithrespecttodepth(z)with
discreteapproximation

E T
1
=
T z
R T 2 z

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Resistivity
Resisti
vity TemperatureRelationship

Resistivitygradient~ Temperaturegradient

1
E T
=
T z
R T 2 z

1
T z

resistivity
gradient
(unnormalized)

resistivity
gradient

Resistivity
Resisti
vity Gradient

z=
100m
z=
1000m

=
z

=1000Ohm.m

=1090Ohm.m

=10Ohm.m

=100Ohm.m

=
z

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Resistivity
Resisti
vity Gradient

z=
100m
z=
1000m

=1000Ohm.m

=1090Ohm.m

=10Ohm.m

=100Ohm.m

1
=
T z

1
=
T z

EstimationofGradient
EstimationofGradient
Highresistivitygradient(normalized)implieshigh
temperature gradient
temperaturegradient
1
E T
=
T z
R T 2 z

canbeusedtodelineatehightemperature
ggradientarea,butnotthevalueofT
,

Ideally,resistivitygradientisestimatedfrom1D
resistivitymodel,i.e.inversionofsoundingcurve
(loga vs.logAB/2)

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EstimationofGradient
EstimationofGradient
Highresistivitygradient(normalized)implieshigh
temperature gradient
temperaturegradient
1
E T
=
T z
R T 2 z

canbeusedtodelineatehightemperature
ggradientarea,butnotthevalueofT
,

Resistivitysoundingcurve(loga vs.logAB/2)
qualitativelyrepresents vs.z

approximation ofresistivitygradient (?)

ApparentResistivityGradient
Approximationofresistivitygradientbyapparent
resistivity gradient:
resistivitygradient:

fittingastraightlinetodescendingendofthe
resistivitysoundingcurve(logravs.logAB/2)
usethelowestapparentresistivityvalueinthe
descendingbranchasT toobtainnormalized
apparentresistivitygradient
i i i
di

log a

z
log AB / 2

1
1 log a

T z
C log AB / 2

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ApparentResistivityGradient

ApparentResistivityGradient
Apparentresistivitygradientmapusuallydelineates
anomaly better than apparent resistivity map
anomalybetterthanapparentresistivitymap
SimilartechniquemaybeappliedtoMTsounding
data(loga vs.logT)

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ApparentResistivityGradient

ApparentResistivityGradient

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