Abstrak
Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) merupakan salah satu jenis stem cell yang selain memiliki
kemampuan untuk berdiferensiasi menjadi beberapa jenis sel somatik dalam upaya
untuk regenerasi jaringan yang rusak, juga memiliki aktivitas immunomodulasi. Cara
kerja MSC dalam meregulasi sistem imun melibatkan beberapa sitokin dan senyawa lain
yang berperan dalam komunikasi seluler seperti IL6, IL10, TGF, PGE2,HLA-G5 dan
senyawa lainnya. Dampak MSC terhadap sistem imun yang telah banyak dipelajari
adalah fungsi MSC dalam menekan sistem imun pada pasien yang menjalani
transplantasi allograft. MSC dapat menekan sistem imun lokal terhadap organ atau
jaringan asing (non-self) yang berpotensi untuk merusak organ tersebut. Penelitian terus
berkembang untuk mempelajari kemungkinan terapi pada penyakit autoimun
menggunakan MSC. Kedepannya diharapkan penelitian mengenai efek immunomodulasi
ini akan mengarah pada kemungkinan efek immunostimulator dari MSC, disamping efek
yang telah banyak dipelajari yakni efek immunosupresi.
Kata Kunci : Mesenchymal Stem Cell, cell therapy, penyakit sistem imun
Abstract
Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) is a type of stem cells that have the ability to differentiate
into several types of somatic cells in attempt to regenerate damaged tissue, also have
immunomodulatory activity. In order to regulate the immune system, MSC use several
cytokines and other compounds that play a role in cellular communication such as IL6, IL10, TGF, PGE2, HLA-G5 and other compounds. The impact of MSC on the immune
system that has been studied is the function of MSC in suppressing the immune system
in patients undergoing allograft transplantation. MSC can suppress the local immune
system to a foreign organ or tissue (non-self) that have the potential to damage these
organs. Research continues to evolve to study the possibility of therapy in autoimmune
diseases using MSC. Expected future research on this immunomodulatory effect will lead
to the possibility immunostimulator effects of MSC, in addition to the effect that has
been extensively studied the immunosuppressive effects.
Keywords: Mesenchymal Stem Cell, cell therapy, immune diseases
PENDAHULUAN
Stem cell atau sel punca adalah kata yang sangat popular di dunia
kesehatan belakangan ini. Berbagai fitur dan kemampuan sel punca
dalam proliferasi dan diferensiasi menjadikannya sebagai topik utama
pembicaraan banyak peneliti, ilmuwan, praktisi kesehatan bahkan
masyarakat awam. Sel punca dipercaya dapat menjadi pengobatan satusatunya bagi penyakit degeneratif yang hingga saat ini tidak ada obatnya,
seperti stroke, diabetes melitus tipe I, aterosklerosis, infark miokard, dan
penyakit degeneratif lainnya.
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