PERENCANAAN TANGGA
7.1. Data Perencanaan
Lokasi bangunan
Zona gempa
Fungsi bangunan
Mutu beton (fc)
Mutu baja (fy)
Tinggi tangga
Lebar injakan
Panjang tangga
Lebar tangga
Lebar penyangga tangga
: Dataran Rendah
: Zona 6
: Apartemen
: 32 Mpa
: 400 Mpa
: 175 cm
: 30 cm
: 500 cm
: 400 cm
: 10 cm
> Mu
> 10.559 kgm
Ix
= L/360
= 30/360
= 0.083
1
3
= 12 b h
1
3
= 12 180 0.4
= 0.96 cm4
q
4
( D+q L ) l
E Ix
Ymax =
5
384
=
5 (0.622+5.4)0.3
384 2100000 0.96
= 0.0315
Kontrol,
Ymax < f
0.0315 < 0.083 (OK)
Oleh karena itu diambil pelat dengan tebal 4 mm
7.4.
384
=
> Mu
> 34.137 kgm (OK)
5 (0.10241+0.45)180
384
2100000 10.42
= 0.3451
Kontrol,
Ymax < f
0. 3451< 0.5 (OK)
Oleh karena itu diambil profil baja siku sama kaki 45x45x7
7.5.
Perencanaan Bordes
7.5.1 Perencanaan Tebal Pelat Bordes
Tebal pelat tangga
=
8 mm
Berat jenis baja
= 7850 kg/m3
fy
= 4000 kg/cm2
Lebar Pelat Bordes =
2m
Beban hidup
qL
Perhitungan momen
- MD = 1/8 qD (lebar pelat bordes)2
= 1/8 x 138.16 x (2/3)2
= 7.676 kgm
- ML = 1/8 qL (lebar pelat bordes)2
= 1/8 x 500 x (2/3)2
= 27.78 kgm
7.5.3 Perhitungan Kombinasi Pembebanan Mu
Mu
= 1.4 MD
= 1.4 x 7.676
= 10.746 kgm
Mu
= 1.2 MD + 1.6 ML
= 1.2 x 7.676 + 1.6 x 27.78
= 53.655 kgm
Diambil nilai Mu terbesar, Mu = 53.655 kgm
7.5.4 Kontrol Momen Lentur
1
2
Zx
= 4 b h
1
2
= 4 2000.8
= 32 cm3
Mn = Zx fy
= 0.9 32 4000
= 115200 kgcm
= 1152 kgm
Kontrol,
Mn
1152 kgm
7.5.5 Kontrol Lendutan
f
= L/360
= (200/3)/360
> Mu
> 53.655 kgm (OK)
Ix
= 0.185
1
3
= 12 b h
1
3
= 12 200 0.8
= 8.533 cm4
q
( D+q L ) l 4
E Ix
Ymax =
5
384
=
5
384
200 4
)
3
2100000 8.533
(1.3816+5)(
= 0.0916
Kontrol,
Ymax < f
0.0916 < 0.185 (OK)
Oleh karena itu diambil tebal pelat bordes setebal 8 mm
7.6.
21.
9
17.
2
10
0
10
0
2.4
7
100
cm2
kg/
m
tf =
mm
Ix =
mm
Iy =
tw
=
cm
ix =
m
8 m
38 cm
3 4
13 cm
4 4
m
6 m
4.1
8 cm
x
Zx
=
Zy
=
h=
8
cm
76.5
cm
26.7
m
84 m
Beban hidup
qL
Perhitungan momen
MD = 1/8 qD (lebar pelat bordes)2
= 1/8 x 64.973 x 22
= 32.487 kgm
PD
= qL (lebar pelat bordes)2
= x 64.973 x 22
= 129.947 kg
ML = 1/8 qL (lebar pelat bordes)2
= 1/8 x 166.67 x 22
= 83.333 kgm
PL
= qL (lebar pelat bordes)2
= x 166.67 x 22
= 333.333 kg
2 t f fy
100
170
2 8 400
6.25 8.5 (OK )
Untuk badan:
h 1680
t
fy
84
1680
23 400
14 84(OK )
Mny
= 76.53 400
= 3060 kgm
= Zy (1 flen) fy
= (1/4 tf bf2) fy
= (1/4 3.2 10 2) 4000
= 320000 kgcm
= 3200 kgm
7.5.6 Kontrol Momen Lentur
Zx
= 76.5 cm3
Mn = Zx fy
= 0.9 76.5 4000
= 275400 kgcm
= 2754 kgm
Kontrol,
Mn
> Mu
2754 kgm
> 172.32 kgm (OK)
7.5.7 Kontrol Lendutan
f
= L/360
= 180 /360
= 0.5
Ix
= 76.5 cm4
q
4
( D+q L ) l
E Ix
Ymax =
5
384
=
4
5 (0.65+1.67)180
384 2100000 76.5
= 0.197089
Kontrol,
Ymax
0.197089
<f
< 0.5 (OK)
7.7.
125
tf =
mm
Zx =
Ix =
8
354
0
cm4
Zy =
310.44
5
63.712
5
A=
32.6
8
W=
25.7
cm2
kg/
m
a=
250
mm
Iy =
255
cm4
h=
210
bf =
iy =
125
2.79
mm
cm
tw =
ix =
5
10.4
mm
cm
r =
12
cm
3
cm
3
m
m
m
m
Syarat : h
> hmin
25 cm > 15.11cm
7.7.3 Perencanaan Pembebanan
Beban mati
Berat pelat
= tebal pelat x lebar pelat bordes x berat jenis baja
= 0.004
x
2/2
x 7850
= 31.4 kg/m'
Berat profil = 27.6 kg/m'
Berat sandaran besi
= 15 kg/m'
Berat profil WF
= A / cos
= 32.68 / cos 30.27
= 37.83
Berat alat penyambung = 10% (berat pelat+berat profil+berat
sandaran besi+ berat profil WF)
= 10% (31.4 + 27.6 + 15 + 37.83)
= 11.18 kg/m'
Total beban mati, qD = 31.4 + 27.6 + 15 + 37.83 + 11.18
= 64.973 kg/m'
Beban hidup
qL
= beban tangga x lebar pelat
=
250
x 2/2
= 250 kg/m'
Beban q1 total = 1.2 qD + 1.6 qL
= 1.2 x 123.017 + 1.6 x 250
= 547.62 kg/m'
Perencanaan pembebanan bordes
- Beban mati
Berat profil WF
= 25.7 kg/m'
Berat pelat bordes = tebal pelat bordes x lebar pelat x lebar bordes
x berat jenis baja
= 0.008 x 2/2 x 2/3 x 7850
= 41.87 kg
Berat profil I
= berat profil x lebar pelat
= 17.2 x 2/2
= 17.2 kg
Berat alat sambung = 10% (Berat pelat bordes + Berat profil I)
= 10% (41.87 + 17.2)
= 5.91 kg
Total beban mati qD = (41.87 + 17.2+5.91)
= 64.97 kg
Beban hidup
qL2 = 250 kg/m2
PL2 = qL x lebar bordes x lebar bordes
= 250 x 2/3 x 2/2
= 166.67 kg
q2 tot.= 1.2 qD + 1.6 qL2
= 1.2 64.97 + 1.6 250
= 430.83 kg/m'
P tot. = 1.2 PD + 1.6 PL
= 1.2 64.97 + 1.6 x 166.67
= 344.635 kg
1
1
2
( q1 lab ) ( p (3lab 1.5lbc )) (q2lcb ( lcb lab )) ( Rc (lab lbc )) 0
2
2
ma = 0
( 2+3 )
Rc=2009.326 kg
V
=0
Rva=q 1 l ab+ q2 l bc +3 PRc
Rva=547.62 3+ 430.84 2+3 344.632009.33
Rva=1529.12 kg
RAh=0 kg
Bidang M
Pers: Mx1 = Rva
Mx1 = 1529.12
dM x 1
=0 , maka
d x1
X1
=0
Xmax = 2.79 m
x X1
x X1
- 0.5
- 0.5
x q1
x X12
x 547.62 x X12
547.62 X1
= 1529.12
X1
= 2.793 m
MA
= 0 kgm
2
Mmax = Rv A X max -(1/2 q1 Xmax )
=1
529.12 2.79-(1/2547.62 2.792 )
= 2134.88 kgm
X1
=3
MB
2
= Rv A X1 -(1/2 q1 Xmax )
=1
529.12 3 -(1/2547.62 2.792 )
= 2123.067 kgm
Bidang D
Permisalan gaya dari kiri : searah jarum jam gaya dianggap positif
X
=0
m
DA
= RvA cos
X
DB kiri
30.272
DB kiri
= -98.25 kg
= P LBC Rc
= 344.63 2 2009.33
X
DA
= - 1320.06 kg
=5
m
= - Rc
= - 2009.33 kg
Bidang N
NA
NB kiri
= - RvA sin
= - 1529.12 sin 30.272
= - 770.833 kg
= - RvA sin + q1 L1 sin
= - 1529.12 sin 30.272 + 547.62 3 cos 30.272
= 188 kg
7.8.
b
170
2 t f fy
125
170
2 8 400
7.81 8.5(OK )
Untuk sayap
h 1680
t fy
210 1680
5
400
42 84(OK )
7.8.2.
Kontrol Lateral Buckling
Jarak baut pengikat : 250 mm
= 25 cm
E
210000
Lp=1.76iy
=1.76 2.79
=109.8 cm
fy
400
Mny
= 310.445 400
= 12417.8 kgm
= Zy (1 flen) fy
= (1/4 tf bf2) fy
Kontrol Lendutan
= L/360
= 500 /360
= 1.389
= 3540 cm4
q
( D+q L ) l 4
E Ix
Ymax =
5
384
Ix
5 (1.49+2.5)500
384 2100000 3540
= 0.436
Kontrol,
Ymax
0.436
<f
< 1.39 (OK)
7.9.
Perencanaan Ramp
7.9.1.
Data Perencanaan
Luas ramp
: 2 m x 25 m
Kemiringan
:7
Tebal pelat
: 12 mm
Berat jenis beton: 2400 kg/m3
7.9.2.
Pembebanan Ramp
Beban mati
Berat pelat
= 0.12 x 2400
Berat finishing
Berat plafon
Berat ME
Berat total beban mati , qD
Beban hidup
Beban hidup tangga
Beban hidup gedung rumah sakit
Berat total beban mati , qL
= 300
= 50
= 20
= 40
= 398
kg/m2
kg/m2
kg/m2
kg/m2
kg/m2
= 300 kg/m2
= 250 kg/m2
= 550 kg/m2
Kombinasi pembenan
Beban total, Q
= 1.2 qD
+ 1.6 qL
= 1.2 x 398 + 1.6 x 550
= 877.6 kg/m2
7.9.3.
Momen yang Terjadi
Berdasarkan tabel 13.3.2 PBI-71 , diperoleh momen :
ly/lx
= 25/2 = 12.50
Mlx
= -Mtx = 0.062 Q lx
2
= 0.062 877.6 2
= 217.64 kg.m
4
= 217.64 10 Nmm
Mly
= -Mty = 0.035 Q l x
2
= 0.035 877.6 2
= 122.86 kg.m
4
= 122.86 10 Nmm
7.9.4.
Rn
400
=14.71
0.85 32
M
2
b d
2.18 10 6
0.85 1000 1052
= 0.2322
m
( 2 Rn
))
fy
( m1 )
1 (1
14.71
( 2 0.2322
))
400
1
( 14.71
)
1 (1
=
min
= 0.00058
= 1.4 / fy
= 1.4 / 400
= 0.0035
Aperlu =
b d
1
102 1000/80
4
= 982 cm2
Act > Aperlu (OK)
Pembesian pelat arah y
M
Rn = b d 2
=
1.23 10 6
2
0.85 1000 105
= 0.1311
m
( 2 Rn
))
fy
( m1 )
1 (1
14.71
( 2 0.1311
))
400
1
( 14.71
)
1 (1
=
= 0.00033
min = 1.4 / fy
= 1.4 / 400
= 0.0035
Aperlu = b d
= 0.0035 1000 105
= 367.50 mm2
Dicoba dipasang tulangan 10 120
1
2
Act = 4 D 1000/ jarak tulangan
=
1
102 1000/120
4
= 654.50 cm2
Act > Aperlu (OK)