Louis Leithold
Captulo III
A derivada e a derivao
Exerccios 3.1
A reta tangente e a derivada
Resolvido por Nelson Poerschke
( x1, y1)
[a,b]
pontos onde o grfico tem um tangente horizontal. Faa um esboo do grfico e mostre um segmento
de reta tangente em cada ponto colocado no grfico.
01.
02.
03.
f ( x )=3 x 212x+8
f ' ( x )=Dx ( 3 x 212x+8 ) =6 x12
08.
f ( x )=76 xx
( x1, y1)
'
2
f ( x )=Dx ( 76 xx ) =62x
09.
f ( x )= 4x
Apenas uma rpida observao j permite ver que, obrigatoriamente,
1
2
x4
1
1
f ( x )=Dx 4x=D x ( 4x ) = ( 4 x ) 2 D x ( 4x )= ( 4x ) 2 ( x )=
2
2
'
1
2 4x
De 13 a 20, ache uma equao da reta tangente curva dada. No ponto indicado. Faa um esboo da
curva com a reta tangente e a reta normal.
13.
y=x 4 x5;(2,7)
'
2
f ( x )=Dx ( x 4 x5 )=2x4
lim
x 0
A reta tangente:
m (2 )=8
;(2,7)
A reta normal:
m 1=
1
1 1
m1 = =
m
8 8
1
y y 0 =m ( xx 0 ) y7= ( x+2 ) x8 y+58=0
8
1
y= x ;(4,8)
8
3
1
3
f ( x )=Dx x = x
8
8
'
1
1
(4 + x)3 (4)3
f ( x 1+ x )f (x 1) [ f (4+ x) ]f (4 ) 8
8
m ( 4 ) = lim
=
=
x
x
x
x 0
x
16+8 x+ ( 2 ] [ ( 4+ x ) ] 64
2
[(4+ x ) (4 + x) ]64
lim
=
8 x
x 0
2+ x3
48 x +12
A reta tangente:
m ( 4 ) =6
;(4,8)
m 1=
1
1 1
m1 = =
m
6 6
y y 0 =m ( xx 0 ) y8=
23.
1
( x4 ) x+6 y52=0
6
1 2
y=2 x
3
xy=0.
A reta
inclinao
xy=0
.
1 2
f ( x )=2 x
3
, ou
y=x
, tem inclinao
1
1
2 f (2 x 21)
3
3
x
f
f ( x 1+ x ) f (x 1)
m ( x 1 ) = lim
= lim
x
x 0
x 0
2
2 x1 x( x)
2 x 1 x 2
= lim
= x1
3 x
3
3
x 0
lim
x 0
Sendo
3 5
,
2 4
( )
2
m ( x 1 ) x1=1
3
quando
x 1=
3
2
3 5
= ,
2 4
()
, ento:
A reta tangente:
m ( retatangente )=1
5
3
3
y =1 x 4 y5=4 x
4
2
2
( )
( )
'
f (x)
4 x+4 y11=0
f ( x )=7 x+3
x+ x
7 ()+3
(7 x +3)
f ( x+ x )f (x)
lim
= lim
x
x 0
x 0
lim 7 x
=
x 0
=7
26.
f ( x )=85 x
f ( x+ x )f ( x )
[ 85 ( x+ x ) ]( 85 x ) =
= lim
x
x
x 0
x 0
lim
lim 85 x5 x84 x
x 0
x
27.
lim 5 x
x 0
=5
f ( x )=4
f ( x+ x )f (x)
[40 ( x+ x ) ](4)
= lim
=
x
x
x 0
x 0
lim
x 0
28.
f ( x ) 3 x 2 +4
2
f ( x+ x )f (x)
[ f ( 3 x 2 +4+ x ) ]f (3x 2 +4)
[3 ( x+ x ) +4](3 x 2+4)
lim
= lim
= lim
x
x
x
x 0
x 0
x 0
x
2
x +43 x 24
x
3 x 2 +6 x x+
lim
x 0
6 x x +
lim
x 0
31.
d
3
(8x )
dx
3
f ( x+ x )f (x)
[ f ( 8x + x ) ]f (8x )
[8( x+ x ) ](8x )
lim
= lim
= lim
x
x
x
x 0
x 0
x 0
x
2
3
8[ 2+2 x x + ( x ) ] (x + x )8+ x
x
2
3
[8 ( x + x ) (x+ x)](8x )
lim
=
x
x 0
3
8x x x2 x
28+ x3
3
x
lim
x 0
x =3 x
2
lim 3x 3 x x
x 0
32.
d 3
(x )
dx
( x+ x 2 ( x+ x ) ]x 3
f ( x+ x )f (x)
[ ( x+ x ) ](x3 )
lim
= lim
= lim
x
x
x 0
x 0
x 0
x 2+2 x x+ ( x 2 ( x + x ) ]x 3
2
x + ( x 3 ] x3
x 3 +x 2 x +2 x 2 x +2 x
lim
x 0
x 3
2
2
x =3 x
2
x +
2
3 x x +2 x
lim
x 0
33.
d
x
dx
lim ( x+ x x )( x+ x + x )
f ( x+ x )f (x)
x+ x x x 0
lim
= lim
=
=
x
x
x 0
x 0
x ( x + x + x )
lim ( x+ x ) x
x 0
lim ( x+ x )x
=
x 0
x ( x+ x+ x ) x ( x+ x+ x )
De 43 a 46, ache
43.
'
f (a)
lim 1
=
x 0
x+ x+ x 2 x
2
f ( x )=4x ;a=5
x
f ( x 1 + x )f
( 1)
f ( 5+ x )f (5)
= lim
=
x x 0
x
'
'
f ( a )=f ( 5 ) = lim
x 0
x
25+10 x +()
( 2 ] (4+25)
4
x
2
4( 5+ x ) ](45 2)
[
lim
= lim
x
x 0
x 0
2
42510 x( x ) 4+25
10 x( x )
lim
= lim
=10 x=10
x
x
x 0
x 0
De 47 a 50, ache
f ' (a)
47.
f ( x )=2x ;a=2
x
( 2x 3 )[2(2 )3 ]
( 1)
f ( 2x ) f (2)
f ( x )f
= lim
= lim
xx 1 x 2
x +2
x (2)
x2
'
'
f ( a )=f (2 )= lim
3
x x1
x+ 2
x 22 x+ 4
()
3
(x +8)
lim
= lim
x +2
x2
x 2
(2 22 (2 ) +4 ]=12
2
lim (x 2 x+4)=
x2
dy
dx
De 51 a 56, ache
51.
4
y= 2 +3 x
x
2
x+ x
4
4
2 +3 x
x
x
dy d 4
=
+3 x = lim
dx dx x2
x 0
x + x
x + x 2
x + x 2 x2
2
4 x 4
4
= lim
1 x 0
lim
x 0
x 2
x + x 2 x 2
2 2
x + x x
8 x4 x
8 x x4
lim
x 0
55.
8 x
8
+3=
+3
4
3
x
x
3
y= x
1
3
x=x =
f ( z )fx
1
3
lim
1
3
1
3
d
z x
x = z x =lim
=lim
dx
zx z x zx z x
1
3
z x
1
3 3
1
3
1
3 3
(z ) (x )
lim
zx
lim
zx
1
3
z x
1
3
( z x ) [( z ) +( z ) +( x )+( x ) ]
1
3
1 2
3
1
3
1
3
1
1 2
3
1
3
1
3
1 2
3
( z ) +( z )( x ) +( x )
1 2
3
1
3
1
2
3
2
3
x +x +x
2
3
1
3x
3
= x3
2
2
3
(Tudo se
x0