4-1 Installed Gain As A Valve Sizing Criteria R4A

Installed Gain as a
Control Valve Sizing

Criteria
Jon Monsen, Ph.D., P.E.
Control Valve Characteristics
FLOW CAPACITY, CV
Inherent
Inherent
Installed
Installed
VALVE TRAVEL
Inherent Characteristic
FLOW
METER
P
P2
What you need to

remember about the
inherent characteristic:
1. It is the relationship
between valve opening
and flow capacity (CV) of
the valve while the
pressure drop is held
constant. (No system
effects.)
FLOW CAPACITY, CV
P1
2. It is the characteristic
that is published by the
manufacturer.
VALVE TRAVEL
100
Linear
90
CV is linear with
valve travel.
FLOW CPACITY, CV
80
70
60
50
What you need to

remember about the linear
characteristic:
40
30
20
1. Its graph is a straight

line.
10
2. It is only used about

10% of the time.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60 70
80
VALVE TRAVEL
(PERCENT OF RATED TRAVEL)
90
100
100
Equal Percentage
(=%)
90
FLOW CPACITY, CV
80
Equal changes in
Valve Position
produce equal
percentage
changes in flow
capacity.
70
67.5
60
+22.5 = 50%
50
45
40
+15 = 50%
30
+10 = 50%
20
What you need to

remember about the equal
percentage characteristic:
1. The shape of the graph
2. It is used about 90% of
the time.
10
10
20
30
40
50
60 70
80
VALVE TRAVEL
(PERCENT OF RATED TRAVEL)
90
100
Installed Characteristic
280 1.5 pipe
0
50
50
40
30
20
10
FLOW
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
0 gpm
50
VALVE P
Pressure
source
50 psig
Pressure
source
50 psig
10 gpm
49
280 1.5 pipe

1
49
50
10
FLOW
60
50
40
0
30
www.tp410.com
20
20
Crane
Technical Paper 410
(1942)
30
10
10
1
49
FLOW (gpm)
PIPE LOSS
VALVE P
VALVE P
40
Pressure
source
50 psig
20 gpm
46.5
280 1.5 pipe

3.5
46.5
50
10
FLOW
60
50
40
0
30
www.tp410.com
20
20
Crane
Technical Paper 410
(1942)
30
10
10 20
1
3.5
49 46.5
FLOW (gpm)
PIPE LOSS
VALVE P
VALVE P
40
Pressure
source
50 psig
30 gpm
42.5
280 1.5 pipe

7.5
42.5
50
10
FLOW
60
50
40
0
30
www.tp410.com
20
20
Crane
Technical Paper 410
(1942)
30
10
10 20 30
1
3.5 7.5
49 46.5 42.5
FLOW (gpm)
PIPE LOSS
VALVE P
VALVE P
40
Pressure
source
50 psig
40 gpm
37
280 1.5 pipe

13
37
50
10
FLOW
60
50
40
0
30
www.tp410.com
20
20
Crane
Technical Paper 410
(1942)
30
10
10 20 30 40
1
3.5 7.5 13
49 46.5 42.5 37
FLOW (gpm)
PIPE LOSS
VALVE P
VALVE P
40
Pressure
source
50 psig
50 gpm
30
280 1.5 pipe

20
30
50
20
10
FLOW
60
50
40
0
30
www.tp410.com
30
20
Crane
Technical Paper 410
(1942)
50
20
30
10
10 20 30 40
1
3.5 7.5 13
49 46.5 42.5 37
FLOW (gpm)
PIPE LOSS
VALVE P
VALVE P
40
Pressure
source
50 psig
60 gpm
22
280 1.5 pipe

28
22
50
30
20
10
FLOW
60
50
40
0
30
www.tp410.com
60
28
22
20
Crane
Technical Paper 410
(1942)
50
20
30
10
10 20 30 40
1
3.5 7.5 13
49 46.5 42.5 37
FLOW (gpm)
PIPE LOSS
VALVE P
VALVE P
40
Pressure
source
50 psig
60 gpm
22
280 1.5 pipe

28
22
50
30
20
10
FLOW
60
50
40
0
30
www.tp410.com
60
28
22
20
Crane
Technical Paper 410
(1942)
50
20
30
10
10 20 30 40
1
3.5 7.5 13
49 46.5 42.5 37
FLOW (gpm)
PIPE LOSS
VALVE P
VALVE P
40
Pressure
source
50 psig
280 1.5 pipe
50
Rule of Thumb:
Lots of pipe, use Equal Percentage valve
20
10
FLOW
60
50
40
30
20
0
10
VALVE TRAVEL
30
VALVE P
=%
VA
LV
E
Li
ne
ar
i
Ap
pr
ox
.
FLOW
ns
t
al
le
40
Pressure
source
50 psig
2.8 1.5 pipe

0.28 psi drop @ 60 gpm
Rule of Thumb:
Very little pipe, use Linear valve
40
30
20
10
FLOW
60
50
40
30
20
0
10
VALVE TRAVEL
49.72
Li
en
r
he
n
ri
a
ne
ar
e
n
Li
lle
a
st
n
i
VALVE P
FLOW
50
Installed Characteristic and Gain

Gain = Output / Input
Flow, q
Installed Gain
4.0
Valve Travel, h
3.0
2.0
1.0

Gain = q / h
Flow, q
Installed Gain
4.0
Valve Travel, h
3.0
2.0
1.0

Gain = q / h = SLOPE
Flow, q
Installed Gain
4.0
Valve Travel, h
3.0
2.0
1.0

Flow, q
Installed Gain
4.0
Valve Travel, h
3.0
2.0
1.0

Flow, q
Installed Gain
4.0
Valve Travel, h
3.0
2.0
1.0

Flow, q
Installed Gain
4.0
Valve Travel, h
3.0
2.0
1.0

Flow, q
Installed Gain
4.0
Valve Travel, h
q = h X Gain
3.0
2.0
1.0

1/4%
Flow, q
Installed Gain
4.0
1%
Valve Travel, h
q = h X Gain
3.0
2.0
1.0

1/4%
Flow, q
Installed Gain
4%
4.0
1%
Valve Travel, h
q = h X Gain
3.0
2.0
1.0

Gain = d q / d h = SLOPE
Flow, q
Installed Gain
4.0
Valve Travel, h
3.0
2.0
1.0

Flow, q
Installed Gain
4.0
Valve Travel, h
3.0
2.0
1.0

Flow, q
Installed Gain
4.0
Valve Travel, h
3.0
2.0
1.0

Flow, q
Installed Gain
4.0
Valve Travel, h
3.0
2.0
1.0

Flow, q
Installed Gain
4.0
Valve Travel, h
3.0
2.0
1.0

Flow, q
Installed Gain
4.0
Valve Travel, h
3.0
2.0
1.0

Flow, q
Installed Gain
4.0
Valve Travel, h
3.0
2.0
1.0
Installed Gain Recommendations

Within the specified control range:
1. Gain 0.5
Gain = q / h
2. Gain 3.0
q = h X Gain
3. Gain (max) / Gain (min) 2.0
Installed Gain
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
q min
Flow
q max

1. Gain 0.5
Gain = q / h
2. Gain 3.0
q = h X Gain
Installed Gain
4.0
SP
PV
3.0
2.0
1.0
Data courtesy of ExperTune, Inc.
q min
Flow
Loop Tuned here
q max
Large gain change:

Cant maintain good control with stability
throughout flow range.
The un-tunable loop!

1. Gain 0.5
Gain = q / h
2. Gain 3.0
q = h X Gain
Installed Gain
4.0
SP
PV
3.0
2.0
1.0
Data courtesy of ExperTune, Inc.
q min
Flow
Loop Tuned here
q max
Small gain change:

Good control with stability throughout flow
range.

1. Gain 0.5
Gain = q / h
2. Gain 3.0
q = h X Gain

4. As constant as possible
4.0
4.0
3.0
3.0
Installed Gain
Installed Gain
5. As close to 1.0 as possible
2.0
1.0
q min
Flow
q max
2.0
1.0
q min
Flow
q max
Cv
Pressure, psig
Software Graphs Installed Characteristic & Gain

Min
50
Norm
P1 = 42
40
P1 = 36
Max
P1 = 32
30
32
25
20
10
20
P2 = 11
P2 = 10
P2 = 12
Valve Travel
Actual inherent flow characteristic
100
200
300
400
500
Flow, gpm
600
700
800
qf=766
Actual system characteristic
Sizing Example
70 F
Water
PP
6 Sch. 40 FC
580
(Equiv. pipe & fittings)
230
P2
P1
Flow
gpm
PP
psig
Pipe
Loss
(up)
80
42
0.1
42
0.05
10
32
550
37
5.0
32
2.00
12
20
Pressure, psig
P1
psig
Pipe
Loss
(down)
10
P2
psig
50
P1 = 42
40
P1 = 32
30
32
20
10
20
P2 = 10
P2 = 12
0
0
=% Inherent
characteristic
100
200
300
400
500
Flow, gpm
600
700
800
Cv Q
G
P
Sizing Example
Sizing Example
85 dBA for 6
32.8 fps
p < pT
Sizing Example
80 dBA for 3
32.8 fps
p < pT
550
550
80
80
Sizing Example
550
80
550
550
80
80
Sizing Example
6
4
Installed Gain
Installed Gain
3
2
1
q min
q max
1. Gain 0.5
2. Gain 3.0
q min
q max
Selecting the Right Pump
What is the optimum control valve

pressure drop to design into a system to
ensure adequate control while avoiding
the use of excessive pumping power?

Pressure
losses
@600 gpm
Pump head
droops 5 psi
from 100 gpm
to 600 gpm
70F Water
75
60
60
50
45
10
P2
P1
70
50
6 Sch 40
80
65
15
TC
P1 (Pump C) 29 hp*
P1 (Pump B) 23 hp*
P1 (Pump A) 17 hp*
40
In
s ta
lle
d
In
he
rre
nt
35 30
valve characteristic
20
50
35
35
5
30
P2
10
10
65
0
0
100
Min.
200
300
400
Norm.
500
600
Max.
* At normal flow (400 gpm)
20

PRESSURE DROP = 5 psi @ MAX. FLOW
Pump power = 17 hp @ 400 gpm




5 psi, 17 hp
35 psi, 29 hp
Installed Gain
Installed Gain
20 psi, 23 hp
3
2
1
q min
q max
1. Gain 0.5
2. Gain 3.0
q min
q max

Maximum Calculated SPL
To avoid cavitation damage
UP TO 3
80dBA
4 TO 6
85 dBA
8 TO 14
90 dBA
16 AND UP
95 dBA
35 psi, 29 hp
3
20 psi, 23 hp
Thank you!
jmonsen@technical-controls.com

4-1 Installed Gain As A Valve Sizing Criteria R4A

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4-1 Installed Gain As A Valve Sizing Criteria R4A

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Installed Gain as a

Control Valve Sizing

Control Valve Characteristics

What you need to

What you need to

1. Its graph is a straight

2. It is only used about

What you need to

280 1.5 pipe

280 1.5 pipe

280 1.5 pipe

280 1.5 pipe

280 1.5 pipe

280 1.5 pipe

280 1.5 pipe

280 1.5 pipe

2.8 1.5 pipe

Installed Characteristic and Gain

Installed Characteristic and Gain

Installed Characteristic and Gain

Installed Characteristic and Gain

Installed Characteristic and Gain

Installed Characteristic and Gain

Installed Characteristic and Gain

Installed Characteristic and Gain

Installed Characteristic and Gain

Installed Characteristic and Gain

Installed Characteristic and Gain

Installed Characteristic and Gain

Installed Characteristic and Gain

Installed Characteristic and Gain

Installed Characteristic and Gain

Installed Characteristic and Gain

Installed Gain Recommendations

Gain = Output / Input

3. Gain (max) / Gain (min) 2.0

Installed Gain Recommendations

Gain = Output / Input

3. Gain (max) / Gain (min) 2.0

Loop Tuned here

Large gain change:

Installed Gain Recommendations

Gain = Output / Input

3. Gain (max) / Gain (min) 2.0

Loop Tuned here

Small gain change:

Installed Gain Recommendations

Gain = Output / Input

3. Gain (max) / Gain (min) 2.0

5. As close to 1.0 as possible

Software Graphs Installed Characteristic & Gain

Actual inherent flow characteristic

Actual system characteristic

Within the specified control range:

3. Gain (max) / Gain (min) 2.0

Selecting the Right Pump

What is the optimum control valve

Selecting the Right Pump

* At normal flow (400 gpm)

Selecting the Right Pump

Selecting the Right Pump

Selecting the Right Pump