RBC
platel
et
What is hemostasis?
Mekanisme tubuh untuk menghentikan trauma perdarahan
secara spontan dan terlokalisir, serta untuk menjaga darah
tetap cair didalam pembuluh darah.
Blood
vessel
platelets
plasma
Tissue
Thromboplastin
Red cells
Primar
y
Hemos
tasis
(Bleedi
PEMBULUH DARAH
TROMBOSIT
activation
- exposure to collagen
or foreign surfaces
TROMBOSIT
Bila endotel rusak endotelin akan menarik trombosit
untuk adesi pada kolagen pembuluh darah
Trombosit diaktifkan akan membentuk pseudopodia
- Melepas substasi ADP, serotonin, dll
- Mudah melekat ke kolagen endotel
- Mudah melekat ke trombosit lain
(agregasi trombosit)
Trombin menghambat sintesaAMP siklik ->
peningkatan ion kalsium-> hiperagregasi trombosit
Pada sikresi ADP yang berlebih akan mengaktifkan
membran fosfolipid (faktor trombosit 3) sehingga
terjadi aktifasi sistim koagulasi
Secondary Hemostasis
(Clotting Time)
Secondary Hemostasis
Blood (Fluid)
Coagulation Cascades
FIBRIN
CLOT
Degradation of
Fibrin
Blood (Fluid)
Coagulation
Inhibition
Coagulation Cascades
XII
Prekallikrein
HMWK
Intrinsic
Pathway
XI
XIa
IX
APT
T
Common
Pathway
Tissue Factor
VIIa
IXa
VIIIa
Xa
Extrinsic
Pathway
PT
X
XIII
Va
Prothrombin
Thrombin
XIIIa
Fibrinogen
soluble fibrin
(Stable)
Fibrin Clot
Hemofili A (VIII)
Hemofili B (IX)
Kekurangan vit K (II,VII, IX, XI)
Ganggan fungsi hati
DIC
Adanya tissue factor (endotoxin, kerusakan jaringan dll)
TF aktivasi koagulasi diikuti aktifasi fibrinolitik bergantian.
Trombositopeni, APTT, PPT, TT memanjang, fibrinogen turun, FDP <
Anti koagulan sirkulasi (IgG)
AIDS, SLE,
Penyakit Hati
Sintesis
fibrinogen, protrombin, V, VII, IX, X, XI
Gangguan absorbsi dan metabolisme vit K, Splenomegali ->
squestrasi
Pemeriksaan penyaring
hemostasis
Hitung trombosit
Masa perdarahan
Uji pembendungan
PT
Coagulation Cascade
Skema pemeriksaan PT
Tromboplastin, Ca
F VII
FX
FV
Protrombin
Fibrinogen
bekuan
F XII, PK,
HMWK
F XI
F IX
F VIII
FX
FV
Protrombin
Fibrinogen
bekuan
Bleeding History
Minor
Negative
None
Major
Negative
Platelet Count, aPTT
Major involving Equivocal Level II + PT, Factor
hemostatic
XIII analysis, clot lysis
impairement
time
IV
Minor/Major
Positive
Level III +, Factor VIII,
IX, XI, Platelet
aggregration test &
Fibrinolytic
tests
(*) Role of Bleeding
and Clotting
time: Kinra et al
Ind J Aerospace Med 53(1), 2009
2
8
10
Total
1
85
86
False positive
False Negative
True Positive
True Negative
:
:
:
:
1
8
2
85
3
93
96
Ind J Aerospace Med 53(1), 2009
PLT count vs BT
Jml Trombosit BT
<100,000/L
3-7 menit.
< 100,000/L, > 7 menit
< 10,000/L > 25-30 menit
False positive
False Negative
True Positive
True Negative
:
:
:
:
1
32
4
151
Normal PT
5
183
188
Total
Deranged
Normal
aPTT
aPTT
Deranged CT
3
1
4
Normal CT
16
23
39
Total
19
24
43
False positive
False Negative
True Positive
True Negative
:
:
:
:
1
16
3
23
Total
Jumlah
tes per
hari + QC
Jumlah
tes per
vial
Open
Jumlah tes Jumlah
stabilit terpakai + tes
y
QC
terbuan
g
PT/
PT/
aPTT
aPT
T
3
7
4
10
40
40
40
40
5 hari
5 hari
5 hari
5 hari
15
35
20
Habis
25
5
20
0
CA-600 Series
It is a Sysmex
experience
CA-600
Series
Fully Automated
Coagulation Analyzers
660 nm
405nm/
575nm
Coagula
tion
Coagul
ation
Light
Source
Light
Source
Sc
att
ere
d
Lig
ht
Change
of
Scattere
d Light
Light
Detector
Chromogenic,
Immunoassay
Tra
ns
mit
te
d
Lig
ht
Coagula
tion
Coagul
ation
Change of
Transmitted
Light
Light
Detector
Specifications
Principles
Programs
Throughput
PT : 60 tests/hour
Test profile PT, APTT, Fib : 42 tests/hour
Sample volumes
(minimal)
Reaction tubes
Specifications
Aspiration
Reagent station
Detection unit
Temperature
control
Quality Control
Detector/probe/sample incubator
37C1.0C
Specifications
Standard Curve
14 parameters, 6 points
Data storage
Print-out
Dimensions
Throughput study
Order
Assay
PT
APTT
Fbg
(Clauss)
DD
CA-600
Innovin
60
PT/APTT/Fbg
(Ratio: 1/1/1)
Innovin
ActinFS
Thrombin
42
D-Dimer single
Innovance
15
PT single
*) Internal evaluation
120
tests/hou
54
r
tests/hou
r
180
tests/hou
r