Skeletal

System
By: Brandon Nguyen, Edward Rodriguez,
&
Deja Lailani

Physiology
How does the
skeletal system
work?

I.Functions of the
Skeletal System:
Provides support
Movement for the body
Protection
Blood cell production
Calcium storage
& Endocrine regulation
-which all enable us to survive

II. Basic Bone Structure:

Spongy Bone:
Produces blood cells

Compact Bone:
Houses living cells

Yellow Bone Marrow:

Produces fat, cartilage, & bone

III. Basic Bones:

Cranium

Maxilla
Mandible
Spine
Ulna
Radius
Humerus
Sternum
Phalanges

IV. Bone Development:

Grows in length at the epiphyseal plate

V. Joint Types & Functions:

Fibrous Joint:
Connects the parietal and frontal skull
bone

Cartilaginous Joint:
Helps with movement

Ball & Socket Joint:

Allows freedom movement such as:
Up
Down

Diseases
What type of diseases occur within the Skeletal System?

A). Scoliosis
What is it?
A sideways curvature of the spine

Causes:
Congenital Scoliosis: Caused by a bone abnormality present at birth.
Neuromuscular Scoliosis: Caused by abnormal muscles or nerves.
Degenerative Scoliosis: Caused by traumatic bone collapse such as injuries.
Idiopathic Scoliosis: Most likely caused by inheritance; but their is no specific identifiable cause.

Comparison:

A.

B.

Neuromuscular

Congenital
C.

Normal Spine

D.

Degenerative

Idiopathic

Symptoms:
You have very few symptoms. Some children may develop spine
deformities that get more severe as they grow.

May Experience:
Pain in back
Leaning to one side, muscle spasms, physical deformity, or uneven waist

Treatment:
Not necessary
May need a back brace and or surgery

B). Bone Cancer

Is a rare cancer that forms in the cells of bones.
Causes
Radiation
other cancer that spreads to your bone
Symptoms
May cause painless mass
aching pain, and minor injuries.

Treatment
Surgery only on the cancerous section of the bone through amputation

Chemotherapy

C). Arthritis
Arthritis is inflammation of one or more joints, causing pain and stiffness that
can worsen with age.
Causes:
Natural breakdown of cartilage tissue
Infection or injury to joints that can exacerbate the natural breakdown of
cartilage tissue

Symptoms and Treatment

Symptoms include:
Pain
Swelling
Reduced range of motion
Stiffness
Treatments for Arthritis:
Medication
Exercise
Diet

Skeletal system and friends

The skeletal system works hand and hand with the muscular system. Without
our skeleton, the muscular system would not have anything to pull on and
become useless. Together these two systems are responsible for the mobility
and flexibility every human needs.
Another system the skeletal system works intimately with is the endocrine
system. By secreting thyroid and sex hormones, the endocrine system
ensures that the skeletal proportions are established normally during
childhood and adolescence.

Metaphors- Car chasssis and

bones

Comparative anatomy
Bat

Aging
Cartilage and bone tend to become progressively worse as a person ages.Cells
that absorb the non matrix called chondrocytes die.So th reabsorption occurs
as the cartilage undergoes calcicfication.This interferes the nutrients and
waste products.Thats what causes some symptoms of arthritis.

Medical Terminology
Arthr/o:
Joint /ex. Arthritis

Clast:
Breaker /ex. osteoclast=breaks bones up or dissolves the bone

Os-, Osteo:
Bone, ex. Osteocyte

Maxilla:
Jawbone

Paries, Parietis:

How to maintain a healthy

Skeletal System:
A good diet and regular exercise will help keep your skeletal system strong
and healthy.
Eat calcium-rich foods
Eat foods with vitamin D to assist in calcium absorption
Perform at least 30 mins of weight-bearing exercise at least twice a week
Avoid smoking and drinking
Protect your body. Wear seat belts, headgear, etc. when necessary

CrashCourse with Hank Green!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RW46rQKWa-g
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rDGqkMHPDqE