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menunjukkan
struktur
lengan
Diagram 3 Rajah 3
Diagram 1 Rajah 1
Contracts
Relaxes
Mengecut
Mengendur
Pulled
upwards
Pulled
upwards
Ditarik ke
atas
Ditarik ke atas
Pulled
upwards
Pulled
upwards
Ditarik ke
atas
Ditarik ke atas
Relaxes
Contracts
Mengendur
Mengecut
Contracts
Relaxes
Mengecut
Mengendur
Relaxes
Contracts
Mengendur
Mengecut
Ditarik ke
bawah
Pulled
Pulled
downwards downwards
Ditarik ke
bawah
Pulled
Pulled
downwards downwards
Ditarik ke
bawah
Diagram 4 Rajah 4
tulang
anggota
Ditarik ke
bawah
III
Diagram 5 Rajah 5
Diagram 2 Rajah 2
II
IV
A Cartilage
C Tendon
Rawan
Tendon
B Ligament
D Adipose
Ligamen
Adipos
A I and IV only
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Ulna
Radius
Humerus
Ulna
Radius
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Radius
Radius
Ulna
Radius
I dan IV sahaja
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Humerus
Ulna
Radius
Humerus
Ulna
Radius
badan yang
badan?
dikandungi
dalam
rongga
membenarkan pergerakan
licin.
C
III
D
IV
A Synovial joints
Sendi sinovial
B Cartilages
Rawan
C Ligaments
Ligamen
D Tendons
Tendon
IV Hollow bones
Tulang rongga
B I, II and IV only
I, II dan IV sahaja
A I and II only
I dan II sahaja
B II and IV only
II dan IV sahaja
Diagram 8 Rajah 8
A Longitudinal
and
circular
muscles contract together at the
same time.
B Longitudinal
and
circular
muscles relax together at the
same time.
Diagram 7 Rajah 7
Diagram 6 Rajah 6
Structure
Function
Struktur
Fungsi
Serves as a lubricant to
reduce friction between
two bones.
II
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B coccyx
C thoracic vertebrae
vertebra toraks
vertebra lumbar
Cervical
Sacrum
Thorax
A Cervical vertebrae
Vertebra serviks
B Lumbar vertebrae
Vertebra lumbar
C Femur
D Sternum
17 The following information refers to
one type of vertebrae in the vertebral
column.
Diagram 11 Rajah 11
Pectoralis
Radius
major muscle Radius
Sternum
Sternum
Sternum
Triangular in shape.
Serviks
Sakrum
Humerus
Humerus
Pectoralis major
muscle
Otot
pektoralis major
12
Toraks
II Webbed feet
Sternum
Otot
pektoralis
major
Lumbar
Femur
Sternum
Bilangan
Number
Vertebra
Otot
interkosta
luar
mengendur
manakala otot diafragma mengecut.
Vertebrae
Lumbar
Pectoralis major
muscle
Otot
pektoralis major
Sternum
D lumbar vertebrae
Sternum
Humerus
koksiks
Diagram 10 Rajah 10
Humerus
sakrum
A sacrum
Diagram 9 Rajah 9
Rajah
10
menunjukkan
pergerakan belalang.
pektoralis major
Radius
Sternum
Radius
Sternum
Pectoralis major
muscle
Otot
12
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A
B
C
D
23 Which
of
the
following
characteristics of the fish and its role
in locomotion is true?
Antara ciri ikan dan peranannya dalam
pergerakan yang berikut, manakah benar?
Characteristic
Role
Ciri-ciri
Peranan
A Myotome
muscles
Otot miotom
Scales
Sisik
Produces a forward
thrust on the tail
Menghasilkan tujahan
ke hadapan pada ekor
C Pectoral fin
Sirip pektoral
Reduces resistance in
water
Mengurangkan
rintangan dalam air
D Caudal fin
Sirip ekor
24
Inflammation of joints.
Radang pada sendi
A osteoporosis
osteoporosis
B arthritis
artritis
C muscle cramp
kejang otot
D muscular dystrophy
distrofi otot
III Calcium
deficiency
insufficient vitamin D
contribute to osteoporosis.
and
can
IV It is a result of excessive
phosphate
and
calcium
accumulation in bones.
Ia adalah akibat pengumpulan fosforus
dan kalsium dalam tulang yang
berlebihan.
A I and II only
C I and IV only
I dan II sahaja
I dan IV sahaja
II dan IV sahaja
bahan
untuk
II experiencing
headaches.
backaches
and
B I, II and IV only
I, II dan IV sahaja
air
dan
garam
A Parenchyma
Parenkima
B Collenchyma
Kolenkima
C Sclerenchyma
Sklerenkima
D Aerenchyma
Aerenkima
B I, II and IV only
I, II dan IV sahaja
Diagram 12 Rajah 12
Diagram 13 Rajah 13
I Lotus
Teratai
II Cucumber plant
Timun
IV Mango tree
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Pokok mangga
A I and II only
I dan II sahaja
C II and IV only
II dan IV sahaja
Diagram 16 Rajah 16
Diagram 14 Rajah 14
A Woody plants
Tumbuhan berkayu
B Herbaceous plants
Tumbuhan herba
C Submerged plants
dalam
Tumbuhan tenggelam
D Creepers
36 How does a creeper obtain support?
Bagaimanakah tumbuhan
mendapat sokongan?
yang
melilit
Diagram 15 Rajah 15
PAPER 2 KERTAS 2
Diagram 17 Rajah 17
SECTION A
BAHAGIAN A
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osteoporosis.
Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan satu keratin rentas bagi tisu tulang biasa
manakala Rajah 1.3 menunjukkan satu keratin rentas tisu tulang
bagi seseorang yang menghidap osteoporosis
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
[2 markah]
________________________________________
(ii) Give two methods to minimise the risk of
suffering osteoporosis.
[2 marks]
P: __________________________________________
Q: __________________________________________
R: __________________________________________
S:
________________________________________
___________________________________________
(b) State the functions of P, Q, R and S.
Nyatakan fungsi P, Q, R, dan S.
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
P:___________________________________________
Q:__________________________________________
_
R: __________________________________________
S:
___________________________________________
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
________________________________________
Namakam satu contoh lain bagi jenis sendi ini dalam badan manusia.
[1
markah]
[1 markah]
________________________________________
_____________________________________________
B
SECTION
B BAHAGIAN
(c) Diagram
2.2 shows
the mechanism of locomotion in an
earthworm.
Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan mekanisme pergerakan dalam cacing tanah.
15
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_
(a)
[4 markah]
(b)
system.
[10 marks
16
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