2.

3
. T

H

. O, -
,
,
[1]
[2] (Hill & Hill 1980 Bourdieu 1991).
H [3]
- ,
. ,


. E,

(Dressler 1988).
,

(Wallerstein [1983] 1996),

(Hill & Hill 1986 Woolard 1989), (Tsitsipis 1995, 1998),
, .
- (Mekacha 1994). E,


,
(Kulick 1992).
T

. Dorian (1981 1989)
( )
. T
,
(. .. E Trudgill 1978 Tsitsipis 1983),
, ,

-
. A

, , ,
(
, [4] , [5] Trudgill Romaine
1989, ).
H , , [language shift] ,
,
. E , ,
( )
. [6] E
. T
,



. ,
, .
H
, . , - , .
, [revival,
revitalization] (Dorian 1994). O, ,

.

BOURDIEU, P. 1991. Language and Symbolic Power. , .: Harvard University
Press.
DORIAN, N. C. 1981. Language Death: The Life Cycle of a Scottish Gaelic Dialect.
: University of Pennsylvania Press.
DORIAN, N. C. . 1989. Investigating Obsolescence: Studies in Language Contraction and
Death. : Cambridge University Press.
DORIAN, N. C. 1994. Purism vs. compromise in language revitalization and language revival.
Language in Society 23:479-494.
DRESSLER, W. U. 1988. Language death. Linguistics: The Cambridge Survey, iv.
Language the Socio-Cultural Context, . F. J. Newmeyer, 184-192. :
Cambridge University Press.
HILL, J. H. 1983. Language death in Uto Aztecan. International Journal of American
Linguistics 49:258-276.
HILL, J. H & K. HILL. 1980. Mixed grammar, purist grammar, and language attitudes in modern
Nahuatl. Language in Society 9:321-348.
HILL, J. H & K. HILL. 1986. Speaking Mexicano: Dynamics of Syncretic Language in Central
Mexico. : University of Arizona Press.
KULICK, D. 1992. Language Shift and Cultural Reproduction: Socialization, Self, and
Syncretism in a Papua New Guinean Village. : Cambridge University Press.
LE PAGE, R. 1977. Processes of pidginization and creolization. Pidgin and Creole
Linguistics., . A. Valdman, 222-255. : Indiana University Press.
MEKACHA, RUGATIRI D. K. 1994. Language death: Conceptions and misconceptions. Journal
of Pragmatics 21:101-116.
ROMAINE, S. 1989. Pidgins, creoles, immigrant, and dying languages. DORIAN 1989,
369-383.
TRUDGILL, P. 1978. Creolization in reverse: Reduction and simplification in the Albanian
dialects of Greece. Transactions of the Philological Society 1976-7:32-50.
TSITSIPIS, L. D. 1983. Language shift among the Albanian speakers of Greece.
Anthropological Linguistics 25:288-308.
TSITSIPIS, L. D. 1995. The coding of linguistic ideology in Arvanitika (Albanian) Language shift:
Congruent and contradictory discourse. Anthropological Linguistics 37:541-577.
TSITSIPIS, L. D. 1998. A Linguistic Anthropology of Praxis and Language Shift: Arvanitika
(Albanian) and Greek in Contact. : Oxford University Press.
W ALLERSTEIN, I.. [1983] 1996. Historical Capitalism with Capitalist Civilization. &
: Verso.
W OOLARD, K. A. 1989. Language convergence and language death as social processes.
DORIAN 1989, 355-367.
( E T A... 1980
. T
).

[1] ,

.
[2] 1: Trudgill, P. 1995. Sociolinguistics: An Introduction to Language and Society.
: Penguin Books, . 175.
Penguin Books
[...]
,

,
.

,
.
,
. ,
, ,
.

. T :
;
,
,
.
5000 .
,
. T 20
, .

.
.
. ,
,
. [].

[3] 2: Kulick, D. 1992. Language Shift: Socialization, Self and Syncritism in a Papua
New Guinean Village. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, . 8-9.
Cambridge University Press
/
[...] 60, ,

, . T


, ,
.
, ,
. ,


. ,


, .
,


. , ,
, ,

. ,
, , Fasold
,
[ ]
. , , ... ,
.
, ,
,
. , Gal

, , ,
, :

[...].
Gal [...]
,
. Gal
.
,
, 70

.

[].


.
, ,
. ,
,
.

. .
, Gal,
,

.
:


.
,
: ,
; ,


.

. ,

. ,

,
.

[...].

[4] 3: Romain, Suzanne, 1989. Pidgins, Creoles, Immigrant, and Dying Languages.
Investigating Obsolescence: Studies in Language Contraction and Death, . N. C.
Dorian, 369-383. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, . 377.
Cambridge University Press
[...] ,
.
,
, .. hiri motu, ,
. , ,
, E . O Mithun [...]
cayuga . H Dorian [...]
- East Sutherland
. Rauchdy, ,
Nubia:
, ,
- []. ,

. ,
[... Y = , P =, A =
).

[...].

, . avin,
,
. Rauchdy
.
: ,
,
-.
,
. Huffines,
,
,
. Silva-Corvaln

[...].

[5] ,
( )
,
N K.
,
.
.

[6] 4: Dorian, N. C. 1981. Language Death: The Life Cycle of a Scotish Gaulic
Dialect. : University f Pennsylvania Press, . 114-115.
University f Pennsylvania Press


,
,
.
yahi,
. , Yahi
. Ishi, Yahi,

. , , , yahi
. Swadesh,
Yahi, [...].
,

,
.

A. Bloomfield
Menomini .
menomini,
menomini ,
. , Bloomfield : M
.
, . ,
, .
East Sutherland ,


.
,
.
,
.
,
Chail mi a Ghidhlig agus cha d fhuair mi a Bheurl (
).
East Sutherland
,
,

. - 3.

, -
East Sutherland , [...].