.

V =
( )

()

( !)
=

;
-> -

=
=

dt



V, I

(
,)
R V=R*I
C I=C*dV/dt
L V=L*dI/dt
V(t) I(t)



->

 +
.

.
- 1D, 2D, kD (Dimensions)


pixel
,

 , .
(

Linear time invariant

.
.

(-)

RLC,



->
dy n
dy n 1
dx n
dx n 1
bn 1 n 1 ... b0 y an n an 1 n 1 ... a0 x
n
dt
dt
dt
dt

.
.

,
.
( )
.
.
. (..
)

(characteristic polynomial)

D n y bn 1 D n 1 y ... b0 y 0
( D n bn 1 D n 1 ... b0 ) y 0

1
b t
t

e
e k t

.

(
R ).
)
()
(x(t))

1) = =

2) =

+
3) + =
v
4) R =
2-> 3 4 L
1
2

R
+
+ =
2

2
1
1
1
+
+
=
2

2
2

+ =

0

C

0 C

+
v

( )
;

XYZ

;
;


=
L2

, ,

, ,

V(t)

V(f)

( )

f = 0 + 1 1 +2 2 + =

R3
( )


Laplace

Fourier
Z
=
=
=

1
2
1

2
1
2

ds

1 d

dt

Pdf
, f ( )
Fourier
,
Gibbs

Laplace Fourier sj

V=

2
2

1
=

V +

sV +

V=

+
v

1
1
2+ s+


Dirac (delta) (t)

(t)
1

u(t)
1

Step function u(t) 0 t<0 1

Pulse 1 t -

Sinc(x) = sin(x)/x
sin(t), cos(t)

P(t)
0

x(t ) ak (t kdt)

y(t ) F (ak (t kdt)) ak F ( (t kdt)) ak Fkdt ( (t ))

y (t )

x(t )h(t )d

( s ) H ( s ) x( s )

(t)
kdt /

( )



= 0
= 0 ()
DC AC




10000 volt


Decibel
=

10log( )
0

( )
2
P = (

)
V

= 20log( )
0

dbm dbn
db

( )
( )

=* =

;

!


20Hz 20kHz
100Watt 8 Ohm
cd , 1Vrms

100Watt 8 Ohm

( )

V=

1
=

Bode plot

DC


Vcc
=
=

1
+

Vee

 sj

Laplace Fourier

(
)

!!!










msec

 |(j)|=

=2f ( peak )


( )

+
+

2 +2
2 +2

db ( )
20 =
2
2
10log 2 + 2 10log +

=
2

+
2

+ +
2

= arctan

= arctan

Bode plot HP (High Pass) =

)

3db
s


, + , 2 + + 2
3db

20db/

40db/

 3db

Low Pass

1
+

1
+

=1/RC

Low Pass first order =

1
+

(1/RC=10)

Second order HP
s^2 + 50 s + 100

---------------100

2 order LP

 LP

2
2++2

2
2++2

nd
2

order

0.01
0.1
0.1
1
= 10

2
10 2
2 2
20 2
01,1,14,28

(
2)


90
180
( + , - )

( )


h(t) impulse response

 u(t)

s
Band pass 2
++ 2


Band pass (+10)(+100)

()

Band stop

(+50)(+100)
(+10)(+500)

()

Vout

Vin

arctan


Vout

( ,)

Vin

( , )

* *


Fourier
sinc

F0

cos

!
gain
Iout

Iin
+
Vin

+
Rin

R0
V=g*A

Iout

Iin
+
Vout

+
Vin

Rin

I=g*A

R0

:
( )
!
( V I)

+
Vout

g=V/Vin

g=V/Iin

g=I/Vin

g=/Iin

Iin
+
Vin

Iout
+

Rin

+
Vout

R0
V=g*A

(1)

Iout

Iin
Rin

I=g*A

R0

+
Vout

(2)