HW5 2016 15512006

15512006 REEZALI RAHARJAYA 1 of 84.
Tugas 5 KL- 4220 PIPA BAWAH LAUT
Dosen : Prof. Dr. Ir. Ricky Lukman Tawekal, MSE/ Eko Charnius Ilman, ST, MT
Diberikan : Selasa, 16 Februari 2016
Dikumpul : Senin, 29 Februari 2016 (Jam 7.00 WIB Pagi sebelum kuliah dimulai)
REEZALI RAHARJAYA
Nama : ______________________________________
NIM
15512006
: ______________________________________
BAGIAN A FREE SPAN ANALYSIS (BOBOT 100% )

Didapatkan data-data dua buah pipa penyalur bawah laut yang bersebelahan dengan jarak 100
meter pada kedalaman 20 s.d. 100m dengan lokasi sekitar 450m dari Platform, seperti berikut:
Data proses:
Design temperature 1000C
Berat jenis gas 35 kg/m 3 or 2.185
pcf
Pressure design 1230 psi
Production life 25 thn
Corrosion Rate 0.06 mm/year
Data pipa :
Material API 5L X-65
Berat jenis baja 490 pcf
Pipa pertama: NPS 60, Wall thickness 1
Berat jenis beton 190 pcf
inch. Tebal concrete coating 3 inch.
Pipa kedua: NPS 16, Wall Thickness 0.5
NPS 60 --> 60 inch
inch. Tebal concrete coating 2 inch.
Youngs Modulus baja 3 x 107 psi
Poissons Ratio baja 0.3
Data lingkungan:
Seawater Density 64 pcf
Kinematic Viscosity of Seawater = 1.05E-6 m 2sec -1
Hydrodynamic coeff:
Cd = 0.9
Cm = 3.29
CL = 0.9
Astronomical Tide:
o HAT: 1.8m
o LAT: 1.4m
Kecepatan arus:
1 Year (m/s)
100 Year (m/s)
0% WD
0.74
0.93
20% WD
0.69
0.81
40% WD
0.57
0.68
90% WD
0.51
0.63
100% WD
0.47
0.57
Gelombang:
Return Period
1-yrs
100-yrs
Significant wave height (m)
3.7
Significant wave period (s)
4.2
5.5
Maximum Individual height (m)

Note: Tp = 1.05*Ts
Tugas Anda:
Untuk kedua pipa di atas, hitung Allowable free span secara
a. Static dan
b. Dynamic (3 kondisi: hydrotest, operasi, instalasi)
1 of 84.
Halaman 1 dari 2

BAGIAN B STRESS ANALYSIS AND GLOBAL BUCKLING (BOBOT 100% )
Pipa bawah laut dengan NPS 20 Schedule 40 sepanjang 40 km, dengan material baja API 5L X52
memiliki lapisan pelindung anti korosi tipe 3LPP (tebal 3 mm), lapisan pemberat beton dengan tebal
1 in. Service berupa gas dengan densitas 80 pcf. Pipa didesain dengan tekanan desain 15 MPa dan
temperature desain 100C ini berada di atas seabed dengan kedalaman 30 meter. Dari hasil soil
investigation, diketahui tipe tanah dasar laut adalah pasir dengan sudut gesert tanah 35 dengan
densitas 18835.6 N/m 3 dan undrained shear strength 14000 Pa. Kondisi perairan memiliki
temperature ambient 25C. Diketahui factor friksi pipa dengan tanah sebesar 0.3. Koefisien
ekspansi thermal sebesar 1.1710-5 /C. Jarak antara ujung bebas 62 m.
Tugas Anda:
1.
Temperature (C)
2.
(40%) Lakukan analisis upheaval buckling mengikuti metode pada paper AC Palmer OTC
6335. Jika diketahui tinggi imperfection sebesar 1 meter,
a. cek apakah diperlukan tambahan gravel dumping untuk mengubur pipa sebagai tambahan
pemberat untuk kestabilan;
b. bandingkan regangan yang terjadi terhadap regangan izin berdasarkan kriteria strain based
design.
(40%) Untuk pipa yang sama, jika diketahui batimetri dan profil temperature sebagaimana
Gambar 1. Lakukan analisis expansi thermal. Kemudian hitunglah besar total ekspansi thermal
dan virtual anchor length pada hot-end dan cold-end!
150
100
50
0
0
10
20
30
40
KP
Gambar 1 Profil kedalaman pipa (kiri) dan profil temperatur (kanan) sepanjang pipa
Catatan: Untuk data yang Anda anggap kurang, dapat digunakan asumsi namun ingat untuk mencantumkan sumbernya.
3.
4.
1.
2.
(15%) Dengan kata-kata Anda sendiri, berikanlah penjelasan berikut sketsanya mengenai
perilaku global buckling pada suatu potongan pipa dengan kapasitas buckling yang beragam
sepanjang pipa, hingga terjadi buckling pertama dan kedua. Anda harus menjelaskan
bagaimana prilaku sebelum buckling dan mekanisme yang terjadi saat buckling pertama dan
kedua. Berikan sketsa yang jelas dan mudah dimengerti untuk setiap penjelasan Anda. Di akhir
penjelasan Anda, tambahkan pula penjelasan apa yang dimaksud dengan dengan global
buckling sebagai fenomena beban, bukan fenomena kegagalan.
(5%) Buatlah sebuah tabel yang memberikan perbedaan antara teori kegagalan : (1) von
mises, (2) tresca, dan (3) rankine. Penjelasan yang komprehensif berbobot lebih.
Catatan:
Semua proses perhitungan tahap demi tahap beserta rumus dan keterangan rumus yang dipakai
WAJIB Anda tuliskan! TIDAK BOLEH hanya melampirkan angka-angka tanpa rumus yang dipakai atau
bahkan hanya hasil akhir saja! Pekerjaan Anda harus bisa ditelusuri dengan mudah. Sumber setiap
rumus yang dipakai harus dicantumkan. Misal: Sumber: Equation 2.3 DnV RP E305 page 20. Jangan
mencantumkan referensi misalnya:Slide kuliah balapan atau contoh spreadsheet dst... Cek di
standar/codenya langsung.
Perhitungan yang Anda lakukan untuk soal ini harus menggunakan EXCEL, Mathcad atau MATLAB.
Tidak boleh menggunakan tulis tangan.
--Soal Selesai
Perilaku Anti korupsi dimulai sejak dini.. Dilarang mencontek!

2 of 84.
Halaman 2 dari 2

BAGIAN A
Untuk pipa pertama:
NPS 60. Wall thickness= 1 in. Concrete thickness= 4.5 in (dibesarkan karena dengan tebal 3 inch, pipa
tidak stabil)
Dari perhitungan pada halaman selanjutnya ini, dapat disimpulkan panjang free span yang diijinkan:
Condition
Static
Dynamic
Installation
437.992
372.89
Allowable Free Span (ft)

Hydrotest
Operation
306.759
355.971
343.262
333.69
Keterangan: Perhitungan On-Bottom Stability (OBS) dapat diperoleh di bagian lampiran.
3 of 84.
Free Span Analysis - Hydrotest NPS 60

1. INPUT PARAMETER
pcf := lb ft
-3
CK
1.1 Pipeline Design Parameter

Outer Diameter
Ds := 60in
Wall Thickness
ts := 1in
Internal Diameter
ID := Ds - 2ts
Concrete Coa ng
tcc := 4.5in
Modulus Elas city
E := 30000ksi
Design Pressure
Concrete Coa ng Density
Po := 1845psi
cc := 190pcf
Content Density
cont := 62.4pcf
Seawater Density
sw := 64pcf
Steel Density
s := 490pcf
Design Temperature
Td := 373K
Poisson Ra o
:= 0.3
SMYS API 5L X-65
SMYS := 65ksi
Corrosion Coa ng THK
tcorr := 0in
Thermal Coe cient
:= 1.17 10
Structural Damping
:= 0.126
Corrosion Coa ng Density
corr := 60pcf
Seabed Temperature
Tsw := 296K
-5 1
1.2 Environmental Parameter

Signi cant Wave Height
4 of 84.
Hs := 2m
DNV RP F105 para. 6.2.11
Signi cant Wave Period
Ts := 4.2s
Water Depth
d := 100m
Current 10% WD Above Seabed
Uc := 0.51m s
Kinema c Viscosity of Seawater
:= 1.05 10
Tp := 1.05 Ts = 4.41 s
-1
Zr := 10m
-6 2 -1
m s
1.3 Soil Parameter

Soil Type 1 = Sand, 2 = Clay
soil := 2
Undrained Shear Strength
Su := 2kPa
From table A.1 DNV RP

m E305
-6
z0 := 5.21 10
2. CALCULATION
2.1 Submerged Weight Calculation
Outside Diameter
Dtot := Ds + 2tcorr + 2t cc
Iner a
I :=
Elas c Modulus
EI := E I
Dtot = 1.753 m
D 4 - ID4
64 s
I = 0.034 m
3
9 m kg
EI = 6.946 10
Weight of Pipe
5 of 84.
Steel Weight
2
2
Wst := Ds - ID s
Corr. Coat. Weight
2
2
Wcorr := Ds + 2tcorr - Ds corr
kg
Wcorr = 0
m
Concrete Weight
2
2
Wcc :=
Dtot - Ds + 2tcorr cc
3 kg
Wcc = 1.79 10
m
Content Weight
2
Wcont :=
ID cont
4
3 kg
Wcont = 1.704 10
m
Added Mass
2
Wadd :=
Dtot sw
4
3 kg
Wadd = 2.473 10
m
Total E ec ve Weight
Weff := Wst + Wcorr + Wcont + Wcc + Wadd
3 kg
Weff = 6.906 10
m
External Pressure
Pe := sw g d
Pe = 1.005 10 Pa
kg
Wst = 938.612
m
Pressure Di erence
P := Po - Pe
P = 1.172 10 Pa
2.2 Wave Induced Velocity Calculation

Angle between wave direc on and pipeline direc on
wave := 90deg
Calcula on of Wave Length
L :=
g Tp
L = 30.354 m
Wave Length
( L , d ) :=
g Tp
tanh
2 d
Given
( L , d ) = L
L( d) := Find( L)
L( d) = 30.354 m
Horizontal Water Par cle Velovity
k( d ) :=
k( d ) = 0.207
L( d )
Phase Angle Range:
u ( d , ) :=
6 of 84.
i := 0 .. 90
1
m
:= i deg
i
Hs g
d
1
<
if
L( d )
20
2 d
Hs k( d) ( Dtot-d)
d
1
T e
if L( d ) > 2
p
Hs g Tp cosh( k( d ) Dtot)

otherwise
2 L( d ) cosh( k( d ) d )
cos( )
Shallow approxima on
Deep approx ima on
Intermediate depth
approxima on
-9m
u w := max( u ( d , ) )
u w = 2.097 10
Reduc on factor (direc onality)
R wave := sin wave
R wave = 1
0.5 Ds
z0
Uw( d , ) := u w Rwave
Zr
ln
z0
ln
Signi cant wave vel. perpendicular

to pipe
Horizontal Water Par cle Accelera on

Hs g
d
1
Aw( d , ) :=
if L( d ) < 20
T
d
p
2 k( d) ( Dtot-d)
2H
e
s Tp
g cosh( k( d ) Dtot)
Hs
L( d ) cosh( k( d ) d )
Aw := max Aw( d , )
-9m
Uw( d , ) = 1.724 10
sin( )
d
1
if
>
L( d )
2
otherwise
-9m
Aw = 2.988 10
s
Signi cant wave accelera on
perpendicular to pipe
-9m
Aw( d , ) := Aw Rwave
Aw( d , ) = 2.988 10
2.3 Free Span - Dynamic

Stability Number
Ks :=
2 Weff
sw Dtot
Reduced Velocity
Vr := 1.62
Ks = 0.553
Formula from DNV 1981 paragraph A.2.1.4
From Fig A.3 DNV 1981
Note :
con1 := "In-line Oscillation"
con2 := "Cross-flow Oscillation"
Type of Oscilla on
Otype :=
con1 if 1 < Vr < 3.5 Ks < 1.8

con2 otherwise
Otype = "In-line Oscillation"

Strouhal Number
St := 0.24
7 of 84.
From Fig. A.2 DNV 1981
St Uw( d , ) + Uc
Vortex Shedding Frequency
fv :=
Cri cal Pipespan
Lcr :=
fv = 0.07 Hz
Dtot
9.87
2
EI
Weff - Wadd
Dtot
Vr
Uw( d , ) + Uc
Lcr = 104.626 m
2.4 Free Span - Static

Yield requirement
i := 0 .. 200
L := i m
i
Longitudinal Stress
W L2 0.5D g D ( P - P )
s
s o
e
st
x( L) :=
+
10I
4ts

1.5 10
1 10
x( L)
psi
5 10
200
400
600
800
L
ft
Limi ng Longitudinal Pressure
8 of 84.
xa( L) := 0.8SMYS
xa( L) = 5.2 10 psi
Lcrit( L) :=
L 0.5m
while x( L) < xa( L)
Lcrit L
L L + 1m
Lcrit
Lcrit( L) = 93.5 m
Longitudinal Stress
x Lcrit( L) = 5.197 10 psi
Hoop Stress
h :=
Von Mises Stress
e :=
Ds Po - Pe
2t s
x Lcrit( L)
= 5.098 10 psi
0.9SMYS = 5.85 10 psi
3. SUMMARY RESULTS
9 of 84.
Cri cal pipespan - Dynamic
Lcr = 343.262 ft
Cri cal pipespan - Sta c
Lcrit( L) = 306.759 ft
+ h = 7.28 10 psi
Free Span Analysis - Instalasi NPS 60

1. INPUT PARAMETER
pcf := lb ft
-3
CK

Outer Diameter
Ds := 60in
Wall Thickness
ts := 1in
Internal Diameter
ID := Ds - 2ts
Concrete Coa ng
tcc := 4.5in
Modulus Elas city
E := 30000ksi
Design Pressure
Po := 0psi
cc := 190pcf
Content Density
cont := 0pcf
Seawater Density
sw := 64pcf
Steel Density
s := 490pcf
Design Temperature
Td := 373K
Poisson Ra o
:= 0.3
SMYS API 5L X-65
SMYS := 65ksi
tcorr := 0in
Thermal Coe cient
:= 1.17 10
Structural Damping
:= 0.126
corr := 60pcf
Seabed Temperature
Tsw := 296K
-5 1

10 of 84.
Hs := 2m
Ts := 4.2s
Water Depth
d := 100m
Uc := 0.51m s
:= 1.05 10
Tp := 1.05 Ts = 4.41 s
-1
Zr := 10m
-6 2 -1
m s
1.3 Soil Parameter

soil := 2
Su := 2kPa

m E305
-6
z0 := 5.21 10
2. CALCULATION
Outside Diameter
Iner a
I :=
Elas c Modulus
EI := E I
Dtot = 1.753 m
D 4 - ID4
64 s
I = 0.034 m
3
9 m kg
EI = 6.946 10
Weight of Pipe
11 of 84.
Steel Weight
2
2
Wst := Ds - ID s
Corr. Coat. Weight
2
2
kg
Wcorr = 0
m
Concrete Weight
2
2
Wcc :=
3 kg
Wcc = 1.79 10
m
Content Weight
2
Wcont :=
ID cont
4
Wcont = 0
Added Mass
2
Wadd :=
Dtot sw
4
3 kg
Wadd = 2.473 10
m
3 kg
Weff = 5.202 10
m
External Pressure
Pe := sw g d
Pe = 1.005 10 Pa
kg
Wst = 938.612
m
Pressure Di erence
P := Po - Pe
P = 1.005 10 Pa

wave := 90deg
L :=
g Tp
L = 30.354 m
Wave Length
( L , d ) :=
g Tp
tanh
2 d
Given
( L , d ) = L
L( d) := Find( L)
L( d) = 30.354 m
k( d ) :=
k( d ) = 0.207
L( d )
Phase Angle Range:
u ( d , ) :=
12 of 84.
i := 0 .. 90
1
m
:= i deg
i
Hs g
d
1
<
if
L( d )
20
2 d
Hs k( d) ( Dtot-d)
d
1
T e
if L( d ) > 2
p

otherwise
2 L( d ) cosh( k( d ) d )
cos( )
Deep approx ima on
Intermediate depth
approxima on
-9m
u w := max( u ( d , ) )
u w = 2.097 10
R wave := sin wave
R wave = 1
0.5 Ds
z0
Zr
ln
z0
ln

to pipe

Hs g
d
1
Aw( d , ) :=
if L( d ) < 20
T
d
p
2 k( d) ( Dtot-d)
2H
e
s Tp
Hs
L( d ) cosh( k( d ) d )
Aw := max Aw( d , )
-9m
Uw( d , ) = 1.724 10
sin( )
d
1
if
>
L( d )
2
otherwise
-9m
Aw = 2.988 10
s
-9m
Aw( d , ) = 2.988 10

Stability Number
Ks :=
2 Weff
sw Dtot
Reduced Velocity
Vr := 1.5
Ks = 0.416
Note :
Type of Oscilla on
Otype :=
con1 if 1 < Vr < 3.5 Ks < 1.8

con2 otherwise

Strouhal Number
St := 0.24
13 of 84.
St Uw( d , ) + Uc
fv :=
Cri cal Pipespan
Lcr :=
fv = 0.07 Hz
Dtot
9.87
2
EI
Weff - Wadd
Dtot
Vr
Uw( d , ) + Uc
Lcr = 113.657 m

Yield requirement
i := 0 .. 200
L := i m
i
Longitudinal Stress
W L2 0.5D g D ( P - P )
s
s o
e
st
x( L) :=
+
10I
4ts

1.5 10
1 10
x( L)
5 10
psi
- 5 10
200
400
600
800
L
ft
14 of 84.
xa( L) := 0.8SMYS
xa( L) = 5.2 10 psi
Lcrit( L) :=
L 0.5m
Lcrit L
L L + 1m
Lcrit
Lcrit( L) = 133.5 m
Longitudinal Stress
x Lcrit( L) = 5.18 10 psi
Hoop Stress
h :=
Von Mises Stress
e :=
Ds Po - Pe
2t s
x Lcrit( L)
= -4.374 10 psi
0.9SMYS = 5.85 10 psi
3. SUMMARY RESULTS
15 of 84.
Lcr = 372.89 ft
Lcrit( L) = 437.992 ft
+ h = 5.199 10 psi
Free Span Analysis - Opera on NPS 60

1. INPUT PARAMETER
pcf := lb ft
-3
CK

Outer Diameter
Ds := 60in
Wall Thickness
ts := 1in
Internal Diameter
ID := Ds - 2ts
Concrete Coa ng
tcc := 4.5in
Modulus Elas city
E := 30000ksi
Design Pressure
Po := 1230psi
cc := 190pcf
Content Density
cont := 2.185pcf
Seawater Density
sw := 64pcf
Steel Density
s := 490pcf
Design Temperature
Td := 373K
Poisson Ra o
:= 0.3
SMYS API 5L X-65
SMYS := 65ksi
tcorr := 0in
Thermal Coe cient
:= 1.17 10
Structural Damping
:= 0.126
corr := 60pcf
Seabed Temperature
Tsw := 296K
-5 1

16 of 84.
Hs := 3.7m
Ts := 5.5s
Water Depth
d := 100m
Uc := 0.63m s
:= 1.05 10
Tp := 1.05 Ts = 5.775 s
-1
Zr := 10m
-6 2 -1
m s
1.3 Soil Parameter

soil := 2
Su := 2kPa

m E305
-6
z0 := 5.21 10
2. CALCULATION
Outside Diameter
Iner a
I :=
Elas c Modulus
EI := E I
Dtot = 1.753 m
D 4 - ID4
64 s
I = 0.034 m
3
9 m kg
EI = 6.946 10
Weight of Pipe
17 of 84.
Steel Weight
2
2
Wst := Ds - ID s
Corr. Coat. Weight
2
2
kg
Wcorr = 0
m
Concrete Weight
2
2
Wcc :=
3 kg
Wcc = 1.79 10
m
Content Weight
2
Wcont :=
ID cont
4
kg
Wcont = 59.66
m
Added Mass
2
Wadd :=
Dtot sw
4
3 kg
Wadd = 2.473 10
m
3 kg
Weff = 5.262 10
m
External Pressure
Pe := sw g d
Pe = 1.005 10 Pa
kg
Wst = 938.612
m
Pressure Di erence
P := Po - Pe
P = 7.475 10 Pa

wave := 90deg
L :=
g Tp
L = 52.053 m
Wave Length
( L , d ) :=
g Tp
tanh
2 d
Given
( L , d ) = L
L( d) := Find( L)
L( d) = 52.053 m
k( d ) :=
k( d ) = 0.121
L( d )
Phase Angle Range:
u ( d , ) :=
18 of 84.
i := 0 .. 90
1
m
:= i deg
i
Hs g
d
1
<
if
L( d )
20
2 d
Hs k( d) ( Dtot-d)
d
1
T e
if L( d ) > 2
p

otherwise
2 L( d ) cosh( k( d ) d )
cos( )
Deep approx ima on
Intermediate depth
approxima on
-5m
u w := max( u ( d , ) )
u w = 1.424 10
R wave := sin wave
R wave = 1
0.5 Ds
z0
Zr
ln
z0
ln

to pipe

Hs g
d
1
Aw( d , ) :=
if L( d ) < 20
T
d
p
2 k( d) ( Dtot-d)
2H
e
s Tp
Hs
L( d ) cosh( k( d ) d )
Aw := max Aw( d , )
-5m
Uw( d , ) = 1.17 10
sin( )
d
1
if
>
L( d )
2
otherwise
-5m
Aw = 1.549 10
s
-5m
Aw( d , ) = 1.549 10

Stability Number
Ks :=
2 Weff
sw Dtot
Reduced Velocity
Vr := 1.5
Ks = 0.421
Note :
Type of Oscilla on
Otype :=
con1 if 1 < Vr < 3.5 Ks < 1.8

con2 otherwise

Strouhal Number
St := 0.24
19 of 84.
St Uw( d , ) + Uc
fv :=
Cri cal Pipespan
Lcr :=
fv = 0.086 Hz
Dtot
9.87
2
EI
Weff - Wadd
Dtot
Vr
Uw( d , ) + Uc
Lcr = 101.709 m

Yield requirement
i := 0 .. 200
L := i m
i
Longitudinal Stress
W L2 0.5D g D ( P - P )
s
s o
e
st
x( L) :=
+
10I
4ts

1.5 10
1 10
x( L)
psi
5 10
200
400
600
800
L
ft
20 of 84.
xa( L) := 0.8SMYS
xa( L) = 5.2 10 psi
Lcrit( L) :=
L 0.5m
Lcrit L
L L + 1m
Lcrit
Lcrit( L) = 108.5 m
Longitudinal Stress
x Lcrit( L) = 5.193 10 psi
Hoop Stress
h :=
Von Mises Stress
e :=
Ds Po - Pe
2t s
x Lcrit( L)
= 3.253 10 psi
0.9SMYS = 5.85 10 psi
3. SUMMARY RESULTS
21 of 84.
Lcr = 333.69 ft
Lcrit( L) = 355.971 ft
+ h = 6.127 10 psi

Untuk pipa kedua:
NPS 16. Wall thicknes=0.5 in. Concrete Thickness=2 in
Dari perhitungan pada halaman selanjutnya ini, dapat disimpulkan panjang free span yang diijinkan:
Condition
Static
Dynamic
Installation
106.616
218.176
Allowable Free Span (ft)

Hydrotest
Operation
102.981
96.254
185.367
198.491
Keterangan: Perhitungan On-Bottom Stability (OBS) dapat diperoleh di bagian lampiran.
22 of 84.
Free Span Analysis - Hydrotest NPS 16

1. INPUT PARAMETER
pcf := lb ft
-3
CK

Outer Diameter
Ds := 16in
Wall Thickness
ts := 0.5in
Internal Diameter
ID := Ds - 2ts
Concrete Coa ng
tcc := 2in
Modulus Elas city
E := 30000ksi
Design Pressure
Po := 1845psi
cc := 190pcf
Content Density
cont := 62.4pcf
Seawater Density
sw := 64pcf
Steel Density
s := 490pcf
Design Temperature
Td := 373K
Poisson Ra o
:= 0.3
SMYS API 5L X-65
SMYS := 65ksi
tcorr := 0in
Thermal Coe cient
:= 1.17 10
Structural Damping
:= 0.126
corr := 60pcf
Seabed Temperature
Tsw := 296K
-5 1

23 of 84.
Hs := 2m
Ts := 4.2s
Water Depth
d := 100m
Uc := 0.51m s
:= 1.05 10
Tp := 1.05 Ts = 4.41 s
-1
Zr := 10m
-6 2 -1
m s
1.3 Soil Parameter

soil := 2
Su := 2kPa

m E305
-6
z0 := 5.21 10
2. CALCULATION
Outside Diameter
Iner a
I :=
Elas c Modulus
EI := E I
Dtot = 0.508 m
D 4 - ID4
64 s
-4 4
I = 3.047 10
3
7 kg m
EI = 6.302 10
Weight of Pipe
24 of 84.
Steel Weight
2
2
Wst := Ds - ID s
Corr. Coat. Weight
2
2
kg
Wcorr = 0
m
Concrete Weight
2
2
Wcc :=
kg
Wcc = 222.072
m
Content Weight
2
Wcont :=
ID cont
4
kg
Wcont = 113.958
m
Added Mass
2
Wadd :=
Dtot sw
4
kg
Wadd = 207.787
m
kg
Weff = 667.11
m
External Pressure
Pe := sw g d
Pe = 1.005 10 Pa
kg
Wst = 123.292
m
Pressure Di erence
P := Po - Pe
P = 1.172 10 Pa

wave := 90deg
L :=
g Tp
L = 30.354 m
Wave Length
( L , d ) :=
g Tp
tanh
2 d
Given
( L , d ) = L
L( d) := Find( L)
L( d) = 30.354 m
k( d ) :=
k( d ) = 0.207
L( d )
Phase Angle Range:
u ( d , ) :=
25 of 84.
i := 0 .. 90
1
m
:= i deg
i
Hs g
d
1
<
if
L( d )
20
2 d
Hs k( d) ( Dtot-d)
d
1
T e
if L( d ) > 2
p

otherwise
2 L( d ) cosh( k( d ) d )
cos( )
Deep approx ima on
Intermediate depth
approxima on
-9m
u w := max( u ( d , ) )
u w = 1.621 10
R wave := sin wave
R wave = 1
0.5 Ds
z0
Zr
ln
z0
ln

to pipe

Hs g
d
1
Aw( d , ) :=
if L( d ) < 20
T
d
p
2 k( d) ( Dtot-d)
2H
e
s Tp
Hs
L( d ) cosh( k( d ) d )
Aw := max Aw( d , )
-9m
Uw( d , ) = 1.184 10
sin( )
d
1
if
>
L( d )
2
otherwise
-9m
Aw = 2.309 10
s
-9m
Aw( d , ) = 2.309 10

Stability Number
Ks :=
2 Weff
sw Dtot
Reduced Velocity
Vr := 1.7
Ks = 0.635
Note :
Type of Oscilla on
Otype :=
con1 if 1 < Vr < 3.5 Ks < 1.8

con2 otherwise

Strouhal Number
St := 0.24
26 of 84.
St Uw( d , ) + Uc
fv :=
Cri cal Pipespan
Lcr :=
fv = 0.241 Hz
Dtot
9.87
2
EI
Weff - Wadd
Dtot
Vr
Uw( d , ) + Uc
Lcr = 31.389 m

Yield requirement
i := 0 .. 200
L := i m
i
Longitudinal Stress
W L2 0.5D g D ( P - P )
s
s o
e
st
x( L) :=
+
10I
4ts

5 10
4 10
3 10
x( L)
psi
2 10
1 10
200
400
600
800
L
ft
27 of 84.
xa( L) := 0.8SMYS
xa( L) = 5.2 10 psi
Lcrit( L) :=
L 0.5m
Lcrit L
L L + 1m
Lcrit
Lcrit( L) = 56.5 m
Longitudinal Stress
x Lcrit( L) = 5.093 10 psi
Hoop Stress
h :=
Von Mises Stress
e :=
Ds Po - Pe
2t s
x Lcrit( L)
= 2.719 10 psi
0.9SMYS = 5.85 10 psi
3. SUMMARY RESULTS
28 of 84.
Lcr = 102.981 ft
Lcrit( L) = 185.367 ft
+ h = 5.773 10 psi
Free Span Analysis - Instalasi NPS 16

1. INPUT PARAMETER
pcf := lb ft
-3
CK

Outer Diameter
Ds := 16in
Wall Thickness
ts := 0.5in
Internal Diameter
ID := Ds - 2ts
Concrete Coa ng
tcc := 2in
Modulus Elas city
E := 30000ksi
Design Pressure
Po := 0psi
cc := 190pcf
Content Density
cont := 0pcf
Seawater Density
sw := 64pcf
Steel Density
s := 490pcf
Design Temperature
Td := 373K
Poisson Ra o
:= 0.3
SMYS API 5L X-65
SMYS := 65ksi
tcorr := 0in
Thermal Coe cient
:= 1.17 10
Structural Damping
:= 0.126
corr := 60pcf
Seabed Temperature
Tsw := 296K
-5 1

29 of 84.
Hs := 2m
Ts := 4.2s
Water Depth
d := 100m
Uc := 0.51m s
:= 1.05 10
Tp := 1.05 Ts = 4.41 s
-1
Zr := 10m
-6 2 -1
m s
1.3 Soil Parameter

soil := 2
Su := 2kPa

m E305
-6
z0 := 5.21 10
2. CALCULATION
Outside Diameter
Iner a
I :=
Elas c Modulus
EI := E I
Dtot = 0.508 m
D 4 - ID4
64 s
-4 4
I = 3.047 10
3
7 kg m
EI = 6.302 10
Weight of Pipe
30 of 84.
Steel Weight
2
2
Wst := Ds - ID s
Corr. Coat. Weight
2
2
kg
Wcorr = 0
m
Concrete Weight
2
2
Wcc :=
kg
Wcc = 222.072
m
Content Weight
2
Wcont :=
ID cont
4
Wcont = 0
Added Mass
2
Wadd :=
Dtot sw
4
kg
Wadd = 207.787
m
kg
Weff = 553.151
m
External Pressure
Pe := sw g d
Pe = 1.005 10 Pa
kg
Wst = 123.292
m
Pressure Di erence
P := Po - Pe
P = 1.005 10 Pa

wave := 90deg
L :=
g Tp
L = 30.354 m
Wave Length
( L , d ) :=
g Tp
tanh
2 d
Given
( L , d ) = L
L( d) := Find( L)
L( d) = 30.354 m
k( d ) :=
k( d ) = 0.207
L( d )
Phase Angle Range:
u ( d , ) :=
31 of 84.
i := 0 .. 90
1
m
:= i deg
i
Hs g
d
1
<
if
L( d )
20
2 d
Hs k( d) ( Dtot-d)
d
1
T e
if L( d ) > 2
p

otherwise
2 L( d ) cosh( k( d ) d )
cos( )
Deep approx ima on
Intermediate depth
approxima on
-9m
u w := max( u ( d , ) )
u w = 1.621 10
R wave := sin wave
R wave = 1
0.5 Ds
z0
Zr
ln
z0
ln

to pipe

Hs g
d
1
Aw( d , ) :=
if L( d ) < 20
T
d
p
2 k( d) ( Dtot-d)
2H
e
s Tp
Hs
L( d ) cosh( k( d ) d )
Aw := max Aw( d , )
-9m
Uw( d , ) = 1.184 10
sin( )
d
1
if
>
L( d )
2
otherwise
-9m
Aw = 2.309 10
s
-9m
Aw( d , ) = 2.309 10

Stability Number
Ks :=
2 Weff
sw Dtot
Reduced Velocity
Vr := 1.58
Ks = 0.527
Note :
Type of Oscilla on
Otype :=
con1 if 1 < Vr < 3.5 Ks < 1.8

con2 otherwise

Strouhal Number
St := 0.24
32 of 84.
St Uw( d , ) + Uc
fv :=
Cri cal Pipespan
Lcr :=
fv = 0.241 Hz
Dtot
9.87
2
EI
Weff - Wadd
Dtot
Vr
Uw( d , ) + Uc
Lcr = 32.497 m

Yield requirement
i := 0 .. 200
L := i m
i
Longitudinal Stress
W L2 0.5D g D ( P - P )
s
s o
e
st
x( L) :=
+
10I
4ts

5 10
4 10
3 10
x( L)
2 10
psi
5
1 10
- 1 10
200
400
600
800
L
ft
33 of 84.
xa( L) := 0.8SMYS
xa( L) = 5.2 10 psi
Lcrit( L) :=
L 0.5m
Lcrit L
L L + 1m
Lcrit
Lcrit( L) = 66.5 m
Longitudinal Stress
x Lcrit( L) = 5.056 10 psi
Hoop Stress
h :=
Von Mises Stress
e :=
Ds Po - Pe
2t s
x Lcrit( L)
= -2.333 10 psi
0.9SMYS = 5.85 10 psi
3. SUMMARY RESULTS
34 of 84.
Lcr = 106.616 ft
Lcrit( L) = 218.176 ft
+ h = 5.061 10 psi
Free Span Analysis - Opera on NPS 16

1. INPUT PARAMETER
pcf := lb ft
-3
CK

Outer Diameter
Ds := 16in
Wall Thickness
ts := 0.5in
Internal Diameter
ID := Ds - 2ts
Concrete Coa ng
tcc := 2in
Modulus Elas city
E := 30000ksi
Design Pressure
Po := 1230psi
cc := 190pcf
Content Density
cont := 2.185pcf
Seawater Density
sw := 64pcf
Steel Density
s := 490pcf
Design Temperature
Td := 373K
Poisson Ra o
:= 0.3
SMYS API 5L X-65
SMYS := 65ksi
tcorr := 0in
Thermal Coe cient
:= 1.17 10
Structural Damping
:= 0.126
corr := 60pcf
Seabed Temperature
Tsw := 296K
-5 1

35 of 84.
Hs := 3.7m
Ts := 5.5s
Water Depth
d := 100m
Uc := 0.63m s
:= 1.05 10
Tp := 1.05 Ts = 5.775 s
-1
Zr := 10m
-6 2 -1
m s
1.3 Soil Parameter

soil := 2
Su := 2kPa

m E305
-6
z0 := 5.21 10
2. CALCULATION
Outside Diameter
Iner a
I :=
Elas c Modulus
EI := E I
Dtot = 0.508 m
D 4 - ID4
64 s
-4 4
I = 3.047 10
3
7 kg m
EI = 6.302 10
Weight of Pipe
36 of 84.
Steel Weight
2
2
Wst := Ds - ID s
Corr. Coat. Weight
2
2
kg
Wcorr = 0
m
Concrete Weight
2
2
Wcc :=
kg
Wcc = 222.072
m
Content Weight
2
Wcont :=
ID cont
4
kg
Wcont = 3.99
m
Added Mass
2
Wadd :=
Dtot sw
4
kg
Wadd = 207.787
m
kg
Weff = 557.142
m
External Pressure
Pe := sw g d
Pe = 1.005 10 Pa
kg
Wst = 123.292
m
Pressure Di erence
P := Po - Pe
P = 7.475 10 Pa

wave := 90deg
L :=
g Tp
L = 52.053 m
Wave Length
( L , d ) :=
g Tp
tanh
2 d
Given
( L , d ) = L
L( d) := Find( L)
L( d) = 52.053 m
k( d ) :=
k( d ) = 0.121
L( d )
Phase Angle Range:
u ( d , ) :=
37 of 84.
i := 0 .. 90
1
m
:= i deg
i
Hs g
d
1
<
if
L( d )
20
2 d
Hs k( d) ( Dtot-d)
d
1
T e
if L( d ) > 2
p

otherwise
2 L( d ) cosh( k( d ) d )
cos( )
Deep approx ima on
Intermediate depth
approxima on
-5m
u w := max( u ( d , ) )
u w = 1.225 10
R wave := sin wave
R wave = 1
0.5 Ds
z0
Zr
ln
z0
ln

to pipe

Hs g
d
1
Aw( d , ) :=
if L( d ) < 20
T
d
p
2 k( d) ( Dtot-d)
2H
e
s Tp
Hs
L( d ) cosh( k( d ) d )
Aw := max Aw( d , )
-6m
Uw( d , ) = 8.952 10
sin( )
d
1
if
>
L( d )
2
otherwise
-5m
Aw = 1.333 10
s
-5m
Aw( d , ) = 1.333 10

Stability Number
Ks :=
2 Weff
sw Dtot
Reduced Velocity
Vr := 1.6
Ks = 0.531
Note :
Type of Oscilla on
Otype :=
con1 if 1 < Vr < 3.5 Ks < 1.8

con2 otherwise

Strouhal Number
St := 0.24
38 of 84.
St Uw( d , ) + Uc
fv :=
Cri cal Pipespan
Lcr :=
fv = 0.298 Hz
Dtot
9.87
2
EI
Weff - Wadd
Dtot
Vr
Uw( d , ) + Uc
Lcr = 29.338 m

Yield requirement
i := 0 .. 200
L := i m
i
Longitudinal Stress
W L2 0.5D g D ( P - P )
s
s o
e
st
x( L) :=
+
10I
4ts

5 10
4 10
3 10
x( L)
psi
2 10
1 10
200
400
600
800
L
ft
39 of 84.
xa( L) := 0.8SMYS
xa( L) = 5.2 10 psi
Lcrit( L) :=
L 0.5m
Lcrit L
L L + 1m
Lcrit
Lcrit( L) = 60.5 m
Longitudinal Stress
x Lcrit( L) = 5.148 10 psi
Hoop Stress
h :=
Von Mises Stress
e :=
Ds Po - Pe
2t s
x Lcrit( L)
= 1.735 10 psi
0.9SMYS = 5.85 10 psi
3. SUMMARY RESULTS
40 of 84.
Lcr = 96.254 ft
Lcrit( L) = 198.491 ft
+ h = 5.433 10 psi

BAGIAN B
JAWABAN NO 1 UPHEAVEL BUCKLING ANALYSIS
a) Tidak diperlukan tambahan gravel dumping, karena dari hasil perhitungan pada halaman berikut
ini diperoleh bahwa
b) Allowable bending strain pada kasus ini adalah = 1.73 103

Namun, bending strain yang terjadi adalah = 9.212 104
Dari hasil di atas, bending strain yang terjadi masih diperbolehkan (aman).
41 of 84.
Upheavel Buckling Analysis

1. Input Parameter
pcf
lb
ft
1.1 Pipeline Data

Outside diameter
OD := 20in
Wall thickness
WT := 0.594in
Corrosion allowance
C A := 0in
Steel density
s := 490lb ft
Corrosion coating thickness
tcorr := 3mm
Concrete coating thickness
tcc := 1 in
Corrosion coating density
corr := 60lb ft
Product density
cont := 80lb ft
Modulus Young
E := 207GPa = 3.002 10 psi
Poisson ratio
v := 0.3
Coeff. of linear expansion
:= 1.17
Imperfection Height
Schedule 40
-3
-3
density of 3LPP
-3
7
10
-5
1 C
= 1m
1.2 Operating Data

Max. operating pressure
Po := 15MPa
Max. operating temp.
To := 100 C
Installation temp.
Ti := 25 C
1.3 Soil Data
42 of 84.
Soil type
Sand (Pasir)
Soil specific weight
s := 18835.6N m
Undrained shear strength
Su := 14000Pa
Distance between free end
Lf := 62m
soilt := "Sand"
-3
Soil friction
fr := 0.3
Internal friction angle of soil
:= 35deg
Coef. of lateral soil stress rest Ko := 1 - sin( )
Ko = 0.426
2. Calculation
2.1 Pipe Properties
Total outside diameter
Dtot := OD + 2 tcc + 2 t corr
Dtot = 0.565 m
Internal diameter of pipe
ID := OD - 2 WT
ID = 0.478 m
Moment of inertia
I :=
Weight of steel pipe
2
2
Wst := OD - ID s g
4
Steel pipe cross section area
2
2
As := OD - ID
4
4
4
(
OD - ID )
64
-4 4
I = 7.102 10
3 N
Wst = 1.798 10
m
As = 0.023 m
Corroded Condition
Internal diameter corroded
IDc := OD - 2 WT - 0.5 C A
IDc = 0.478 m
Moment of inertia corroded
4
4
Ic :=
OD - IDc
64
Ic = 7.102 10
Weight of steel pipe
2
2
Wstc := OD - IDc s g
3 N
Wstc = 1.798 10
m
Internal cross section area
2
Aic := IDc
4
Aic = 0.179 m
Steel pipe cross section area
2
2
Asc := OD - IDc
Asc = 0.023 m
Weight of corrosion coating
2
2
Wcorr := OD + 2 tcorr - OD corr g
-4
N
Wcorr = 45.393
m
Weight of internal content
2
Wcont := ID cont g
4
Operating condition weight
Wsop := Wst + Wcont + Wcorr

3 N
Wsop = 4.097 10
m
43 of 84.
3 N
Wcont = 2.254 10
m
Installation condition weight
Win := Wsop - Wcont
Cover Depth
3 N
Win = 1.844 10
m
distance of top of pipe to

water surface
H := 30m - Dtot = 29.435 m
Axial Load
Hoop stress
Po OD
y :=
2 WT
Compression force due to

temperature
T := E To - Ti Asc
Tension due to poisson's

effect
v := -v
y = 3.663 10 psi
T = 1.548 10 N
Po ( OD - 2 WT)
Asc
2WT
v = -1.665 10 N
Po OD Asc
Compression force due to

end cap effect
e :=
Total axial force
Fax := T + v + e
e = 2.95 10 N
4 WT
Fax = 1.301 10 N
Friction force
Wsop 4
OD
OD
4
OD
f := fr s
H +
1 + Ko + 2 + Ko
- 2 + Ko s
2
2
3
3
2
5 N
f = 1.91 10
Lf
, Fax
2
p := min f
Axial load
Required downward force for pipe stability

4
2
4.49 E I Win
p
if <
Wreq := 0.0646
2
E I
72 p
4
4
Win
4.49 E I Win
8.06 E I Win
0.67 p
- 1.23 Win if
<<
2
2
E I
72 p
72 p
Win
1.16p
- 4.76 Win otherwise
E I
N
Wreq = 818.108
m
Uplift resistance of soil, q
44 of 84.
p = 1.301 10 N
q :=
S D min 3 , H if soil = 1
t
u tot
D
tot
H D 1 + 0.01 H otherwise
tot
s
D
tot
5 N
q = 4.763 10
3. Check for Upheaval Buckling

Imperfection height
Extra weight
q + Wsop = 4.804 10 N m
q + Wsop > Wreq
Wreq = 818.108 N m
Wanc :=
-1
Wreq - ( q + Wsop) if q + Wsop < Wreq

0 N otherwise
m

Wanc 12.2m = 0 N
1
Allowable imperfection length,

relevant to span length
72E I
Lrel :=
Win
Lrel = 48.95 m
Pipe strain
E I
Pbuckle :=
Lrel
L :=
= 6.056 10 N
( p - Pbuckle) 2 Lrel + 2 (p - Pbuckle)

Asc E
2 Asc E f
L = 0.015 m
Total uplift buckle amplitude
a := +
L 2 Lrel
2
a = 1.761 m
2
Total pipe strain
:=
OD a
( 2 Lrel)
Allowable bending strain
allow
-4
= 9.212 10
2
-3
allow := 1.73 10
4. Executive Summary
45 of 84.
-1
:= 1m
Imperfection height
1m
Required downward load
N
Wreq = 818.108
m
Uplift soil resistance
q = 4.763 10
5 N
Operation weight
3 N
Wsop = 4.097 10
m
Actual downward force
5 N
Wactual := Wsop + q = 4.804 10
m
Check for stability
if q + Wsop < Wreq , "Not OK" , "OK" = "OK"

Safety factor
q + Wsop
Wreq
Extra weight needed per joint
Wanc 12.2m = 0 N
Allowable bending strain, allow
if Re( ) < allow , "OK" , "Not OK" = "OK"
46 of 84.
= 587.253
if it is OK, no required
extra weight needed

JAWABAN NO 2 EXPANSION OPERATION
Dari hasil perhitungan pada halaman selanjutnya ini diperloeh hasil sebagai berikut
47 of 84.
Thermal Expansion
Loadcase : Operation - Unburied
KC
kN 1000N
bar 10 Pa
MPa 10 Pa
ksi 10 psi
pcf lb ft
-3
1. INPUT DATA
1.1 Design Data
Pipeline Parameters
Environmental Parameters
External pipeline diameter
De := 20in
Density of sea water
Specified Minumum Yield

Strength
SMYS := 52000psi
Corrosion allowance being

used up
Young's Modulus of pipe

material
m
Installation temperature
To := 25C
Tc := 0.125in
Marine growth
tmar := 0m
E := 207000MPa
Marine growth density
mar := 0
kg
3
Steel density
st := 490pcf
Wall thickness
15MPa De
WT :=
2 SMYS ( 1 ) ( 1) ( 0.72)
-5
Coefficient of thermal
expansion
:= 1.17 10
Poisson's ratio
:= 0.3
Coating Parameters
Axial friction
factor(?)
ax := 0.1
Residual lay tension
Nlay := 0kN
-1
Operating Parameters
-3
Corrosion coating density
cor := 900kg m Content density
Concrete coating density
cc := 190pcf
Design pressure
Pin := 15MPa
Corrosion coating thickness
tcor := 3mm
Inlet reference elevation
Elv := 0
Concrete coating thickness
tcc := 1in
Thermal insulation density
th := 0pcf
Soil parameter
Longitudinal friction factor
long := 0.3
1.2 Input Data Variables with KP
48 of 84.
kg
sw := 1025
cont := 80pcf
Input KP step size
KP step := 1km
Input temperature profile
Number of temperature input point
n := 5
Product temperature
Corresponding KP point
i := 0 .. n - 1
T :=
KP :=
100C
90C
80C
70C
60C
0km
10km
20km
30km
40km
100
90
Ti
80
70
T := T - To
i
i
60
0
210
KP i
Temp := T
Temp = 126.984 C
49 of 84.
4 10
Input water depth profile (LAT)
Input corrosion coating thickness/density with KP
Number of Input points
Number of Points
nw := 31
ncr := 2
iw := 0 .. nw - 1
Water Depth
WD
iw
0m
-1 m
-2 m
-3 m
-4.01m
-5.01m
-6 m
-7 m
-8 m
-9.01m
-10m
-12m
-13m
-14.7m
-20m
-23m
-22.3m
-13.5m
-13m
-12m
-10m
-9.01m
-8 m
-7 m
-6 m
-5 m
-4 m
-3 m
-2 m
-1 m
0m
50 of 84.
:=
icr := 0 .. ncr - 1
Corresponding
KP Point
KPd
iw
0km
1.49km
1.6km
1.91km
2.52km
3.12km
3.48km
3.88km
4.19km
4.59km
5.07km
5.29km
6.18km
6.73km
8km
13.44km
19.5km
22.5km
32.18km
32.38km
33.07km
33.76km
34.03km
34.36km
34.67km
34.97km
35.3km
35.82km
36.32km
36.86km
36.96km
:=
Thickness
Density
KP Points
Tcor
cor
KPcr
icr
:=
icr
:=
cor
cor
tcor
tcor
icr
:=
0km
KP
n- 1
0
- 10
WDiw
- 20
- 30
0
1 10
210
KPd iw
3 10
4 10
Wall thickness and OD profile with KP
Marine growth thickness
Number of Points
Number of points
nwt := 2
nm := 2
iwt := 0 .. nwt - 1
Wall Thickness
WT
Corresponding KP
:=
iwt
KPwt
WT - ( 10% Tc)
WT - ( 10% Tc)
iwt
:=
0km
KP
n- 1
im := 0 .. nm - 1
Marine Growth
Corresponding KP Points
Tmar
KPm
im
:=
tmar
tmar
im
:=
0km
KP
n- 1
Input concrete coating thickness with KP
Input concrete coating thickness with KP
Number of points
Number of points
ncc := 2
icc := 0 .. ncc - 1
Concrete
Thickness
Tcon
icc
:=
tcc
ilf := 0 .. nlf - 1
Corresponding
Kp Points
KPcc
icc
long
ilf
:=
long
long
( n- 1)
long
long
long
long
long
long
Thermal Insulation with KP
Number of Points
KPcf
ilf
:=
0km
1.91km
5.07km
6.78km
8km
13.44km
19.5km
22.5km
32km
34.97km
36.96km
long
long
:=
0km
KP
tcc
nlf := 11
long
nti := 2
iti := 0 .. nti - 1
Corroded WT with KP
Number of Points
nwtc := 2
iwtc := 0 .. nwtc - 1
Additional Weight
Corresponding KP
Corresponding KP
Corroded WT
Tth
iti
0in
0in
51 of 84.
:=
KPth
iti
0km
KP
n- 1
:=
WTc
iwtc
:= WT
iwtc
- Tc
KP
iwtc
0km
KP
n- 1
:=
Jacket Material with KP

Number of Points
nti := 2
iti := 0 .. nti - 1
Additional Weight
Tj
iti
:=
0in
0in
Corresponding KP
KPth
KP
KP
iti
:=
n- 1
2.0 Calculation
2.1 Calculated parameters constant with KP
Define range of KP variable x := KP , KPstep .. KP
0
Total outside diameter
Do := De + 2.( Tcor + Tth + Tj + Tcon + Tmar)
Internal diameter
Di := De - 2WT
Corroded Internal diameter
Dic := Di + 2 10% Tc
Nominal Steel Area
Ast :=
Corroded steel area
Astc :=
Steel mass
Corrosion coating area
Corrosion coating mass
Thermal Insulation area
Thermal Insulation mass
Jacket area
Jacket mass
52 of 84.
n- 1
(
4
De - Di
(
4
De - Dic
M st := Astc st
2
2
Acorr := ( De + 2Tcor) - De
4
M corr := Acorr cor
2
2
Ath := ( De + 2Tcor + 2Tth) - ( De + 2Tcor)
4
M th := Ath th
2
2
Aj := ( De + 2Tcor + 2Tth + 2.Tj ) - ( ( De + 2Tcor + 2Tth) )
4
Concrete coating area
M j := Aj st
2
Acc := ( Do + 2Tmar) ...
4
2
+ -[ De + 2 ( Tcor + Tth + Tj) ]
Concrete coating
M cc := Acc cc
Marine growth area
Amar :=
( Do) - [ [ De + 2 ( Tcor + Tth + Tj + Tcon) ] ]
Marine growth mass
M mar := Amar mar
Content mass
M cont :=
Buoyancy force
Fb :=
Submerged Weight
Dic cont
4
2
sw Do g
Ws := M st + M corr + M th ...
+ - M + M + M
cc
mar + M cont
j
Dry Weight
g - Fb
Wdry := Ws + Fb
4 10
Wdry
Ws
Fb
2 10
0
3
- 2 10
- 4 10
- 6 10
110
2 10
3 10
410
KP
2.2 Effective Axial Force Derivation - Restrained Pipeline

Define function with KP
x := KP , KPstep .. KP
Define External pressure with KP
Po := sw g -WD
Define internal pressure with KP
Pin := Pin + cont g -WD
Define Pressure difference with KP
P := Pin - Po
Thermal expansion force with KP
Ft := -E Astc Temp
Poissons Force with KP
Fp := P Astc
Apparent Force with KP

Fully restrained axial force with KP
53 of 84.
Fe :=
Pin ( Dic
n- 1
De - 2 WTc
2WTc
) 2 - Po De2
Pr := -Fe + Fp + Ft + Nlay
0
6
8.358 10
8.356 10
Pr
8.354 10
8.358106
8.356106
8.354106
8.352106
8.35106
8.349106
8.347106
8.352 10
8.35 10
2 10
4 10
KP
Effective Axial Force Partially restrained Pipeline
Pr = 7
8.345106 N
8.343106
8.341106
10
8.34106
11
8.336106
Pipeline Length
L := KP
Maximum Friction Force
L
Pfmax := long Ws ( -1)
2
12
8.334106
13
8.331106
Friction force with length at hot end
PfH := long Ws KPcr ( -1 )
14
8.322106
Friction force with length at cold end
PfC := long Ws( KPcr - L)
15
...
n- 1
Step to calculate friction restraint along full length

Pf := if ( PfH > PfC , PfH , PfC)
Logic statement to plot friction force if less than full restraint force, i.e. effective axial
force is less or friction force or full restraint force.
Effective axial force
P := if ( Pf < Pr , Pr , Pf )
Axial Stress Calculation Along Pipeline

To calculate stress in pipe wall, add apparent force to effective axial force and divide by steel cross
sectional area
Axial stress
54 of 84.
axial :=
P + Fe
Astc
ax0 := 0.5 L
2.3 Expansion of Pipeline
ax0 = 2 10 m
Find point of maximum

4
Maxfric := root( PfH - PfC , ax0) = 2 10 m
ax1 := Maxfric 0.99 = 1.98 10 m
ax2 := Maxfric 1.01 = 2.02 10 m

4
Maxfricax1 := root( PfH - PfC , ax1) = 1.98 10 m
Prax1 := 8318126.62337662N
Maxfricax2 := root( PfH - PfC , ax2) = 2.02 10 m
Prax2 := 8318105.72842999N
7
Pf = 5.214 10 N
Lexpandax := if Pfax0 Prax0 , root Pfax - Prax , ax , Maxfric
Lexpandax1 := if Pf Prax1 , root Pf - Prax1 , ax1 , Maxfricax1

Lexpandax2 := if Pf Prax2 , root Pf - Prax2 , ax2 , Maxfricax2
Calculate anchor length locations
4
Lexpandax1 = 1.98 10 m
Calculate anchor length

Lanchor1 := Lexpandax1 - KP Lanchor2 := KP
- Lexpandax2
0
n- 1
4
Lanchor1 = 1.98 10 m
2.4 Calculate Expansions

Pr - Pf
Expand :=
E Astc
Expand1 := 0.5
Expand
Expand2 := Expand1
55 of 84.
Lexpandax2 = 2.02 10 m
= 0.106
-6.82510-3
-6.82610-3
-6.82610-3
-6.82610-3
-6.82610-3
-6.82710-3
-6.82710-3
Expand = 7
-6.82710-3
-6.82810-3
-6.82810-3
10
-6.82810-3
11
-6.82910-3
12
-6.82910-3
13
-6.82910-3
14
-6.83110-3
15
...
Summary of Results
At cold end
At hot end
56 of 84.
Total Pipeline Expansion
Expand1 = 0.106
Anchor Length
Total Pipeline Expension
Expand2 = 0.106
Anchor Length

JAWABAN NO 3 GLOBAL BUCKLING
Perilaku pipeline sebelum terjadi buckling dan mekanisme buckling saat buckling pertama dan
kedua
Efek temperature dan tekanan menghasilkan gaya ekspansi (expansion effective forces), yang
merupakan kombinasi pipe wall force (N) dan tekanan internal dan eksternal, memberikan
potensi untuk terjadinya global buckling.
a. Buckling capacity along the pipeline
Sepanjang pipa yang terinstall akan memiliki
kapasitas buckling yang berbeda-beda pada tiap
bagian-bagiannya.
Dari gambar di samping, ditunjukkan bahwa pipa
tersebut memiliki imperfection. Pada titik ini
kapasitas global buckling, Sinit adalah di titik
terendahnya.
Garis titik-titik biru menunjukkan kapasitas buckling

pada bagian pipa tertentu.
b. Sebelum terjadi global buckling
Meningkatnya temperature dan tekanan juga akan
meningkatkan compressive effective force kepada
nilai maksimum S0.
c. First buckle
Ketika effective axial force S0 mencapai kapasitas
global buckling pipa, Sinit, pipeline akan mengalami
buckle (tekuk) dan effective axial force pada puncak
akan turun pada Spost. Nilai maksimum akan
berubah sebanding dengan gaya tahan antara pipa
dengan tanah, memberikan lembah pada diagram
efektif. Effective axial force direpresentasikan
dalam garis solid. Buckle yang terjadi akan
sebanding dengan area yang diarsir antara garis
solid dan garis potential effective force.
d. Second buckle
Jika tekanan dan temperature terus menaik,
imperfection sekitarnya bisa mengalami buckle dan
mengubah diagram gaya. Pada titik ini gaya akan
tetap konstan tapi tekuk akan bertambah,
sebanding dengan area yang diarsir. Lembah yang
diarsir menunjukkan kea rah mana pipa bergerak
dan tekuk seperti apa yang terjadi.
57 of 84.
Global buckling sebagai fenomena beban, bukan fenomena kegagalan

Fenomena gloal buckling pada pipeline merupakan fenomena beban , artinya pipa mengalami
pergerakkan akibat beban-beban yang diterimanya, namun kondisi tersebut belum dapat
disebut sebagai kegagalan, karena pipeline masih bisa mentransportasikan isi (service) dengan
baik. Pergerakan atau tekuknya pipeline yang terjadi ada tiga macam, yakni upheavel (ke atas),
down buckling (ke bawah), dan lateral (ke samping).
Global buckling dapat menuju kea rah fenomena kegagalan jika pipeline tersebut tidak dapat
mentransportasikan isi (service) dengan efektif lagi, kegagalan dari lanjutan global buckling
dapat berupa local buckling, fracture/rupture, dan fatigue. Dalam fenomenda kegagalan ini bisa
saja terjadi produksi service yang dihasilkan lambat hingga kebocoran.
58 of 84.

JAWABAN NO 4 TEORI KEGAGALAN
Teori Kegagalan
Konsep Dasar
Kondisi Kegagalan
Sifat Teori
Von Mises
Energi distorsi
The most
representative
for ductile
materials
Tresca
Tegangan geser
maksimum
Kegagalan diprediksi terjadi

pada keadaan tegangan
multiaksial jika energy
distorsi per satuan volume
sama atau lebih besar
dibandingkan energy
distorsi per satuan volume
pada saat terjadinya
kegagalan dalam pengujian
tegangan uniaksial.
Kegagalan terjadi jika
tegangan geser maksimum
pada suatu titik di pipa
sama atau lebih besar dari
tegangan geser maksimum
pada saat material leleh
(yield) pada tes beban Tarik
uniaksial.
The most
conservative for
all materials
= 0.5
Rankine
Tegangan
normal
maksimum
Kegagalan terjadi jika

tegangan Tarik maksimum
pada suatu titik di pipa
sama atau lebih besar dari
tegangan Tarik maksimum
pada saat material leleh
(yield) pada tes beban tarik
uniaksial.
The best fit for

brittle materials
= 0.577
59 of 84.
Failure Criteria
Relationship
=
LAMPIRAN
60 of 84.
DNV RP305 (Installation) OBS - NPS 16

1. Input Parameter
Outer Diameter
D_s := 16in = 0.406 m
Pipe Wall Thickness
t_s := 0.5 in
Corrosion Coating Thickness
t_corr := 0mm = 0 in
Concrete Thickness
t_cc := 2in = 0.051 m
Pipe Joint Length
L := 12.2m
Steel Pipe Density
s := 490
lb
ft
Concrete Coating Density
ID := D_s - 2 t_s = 0.381 m
cc := 190
lb
ft
Corrosion Coating Density
kg
corr := 940
= 58.682
m
Density of Sea Water
kg
sw := 1025
ft
= 63.989
m
Density of Pipeline Content
lb
3
lb
ft
kg
cont := 0

Significant Wav e Height
Hs := 2m = 6.562 ft
Significant Wav e Period
Ts := 4.2s
Spectral Peak Period

Water Depth
Current velocity
Kinematic Viscosity of Seawater
Tp := 1.05 Ts = 4.41 s
d := 100m = 328.084 ft
Ur := 0.51
:= 1.076 10
- 5 ft
ca := 3mm
Marine Growth Thickness
t_mg := 0mm
Marine Growth Density
mg := 1400
kg
3
61 of 84.
2 s
Corrosion Allowance
= 1.673
ft
s
Zr := 10m
1.3 Soil Parameter

Soil Type [1 = sand, 2 = clay]
soil := 326.309
soil := 2
kg
3
Undrained Shear Stress
Su := 2kPa
2. Calculation
2.1 Vertical Stability
2.1.1 Submerged Weight Calculation
Total Outer Diameter
D_out := D_s + 2t_corr + 2 t_mg + 2 t_cc = 0.508 m
Internal Diameter
D_in := D_s - 2t_s = 0.381 m
D_corr := D_s + 2 t_corr = 0.406 m
Ws :=
D_mg := D_s + 2 t_mg = 0.406 m
2
2
+ D_in cont - D_out sw
Ws = 137.614
kg
m
Buoyancy
B :=
D_out sw = 207.75
kg
m
2.1.2 Determining Stability

Specific Gravity
SG :=
Ws + B
B
= 1.662
if ( SG 1.1 , "UNSTABLE" , "STABLE" ) = "STABLE"

Specific Gravity of Product
SG_prod :=
Specific Gravity of Soil
SG_soil :=
2.2 Lateral Stablity

2.2.1 Water Particle Velocities
Tn :=
Tn
Tp
:=
d
g
= 3.193 s
= 0.724
Tp
Hs
62 of 84.
D_s - ID s + D_corr - D_s corr + D_out - D_corr cc ...
= 3.118
s
m
cont
sw
soil
sw
=0
= 0.318
Peakedness Parameter
:=
5 if 3.6
=5
m
1 if 5
s
m
3.3 otherwise
From Fig. 2-1 DNV RP E305

Tn
Tp
= 0.724
Us :=
63 of 84.
0.000001 Hs
Tn
-7m
= 6.263 10
Us:kecepatan partikel air signifikan akibat gelombang
Zero Up-Crossing Period
Tu := 1.4 Tp = 6.174 s
Table A.1 Soil parameter can be found as

Grain Size
d50 := 0.125mm
Roughness
Zo := 1.04 10
-5
Nikuradse's equivalent sand roughness parameter

Kb := 2.5 d50 = 0.313 mm
Kb
-5
Zob :=
= 1.042 10 m
From Fig.
2-1
DNV
RP
E305
30
Using Graph, Fig. 2.2
D_out
4
= 4.885 10
Zo
Zr
Zo
= 9.615 10
Ratio average velocity to reference velocity

U_D :=
Zr
ln +
Zo
1 + Zo ln D_out + 1 - 1 Ur = 0.363 m

D_out Zo
s
2.2.2 Hydrodinamic Coefficient
64 of 84.
Wave Partic le Acceleration
As := 2
Current to Wav e Velocity
M :=
KC Number
K :=
Reynold's Number
Re :=
Us
Tu
U_D
-7m
= 6.374 10
= 5.791 10
Us
Us Tu
D_out
= 7.612 10
( U_D + Us) D_out
-6
1.2 if Re < 3 10 M 0.8
= 1.2
0.7 otherwise
CL := 0.9
CM := 3.29
Soil Coefficient
Clay Soil
Ratio = 1/S
Ratio :=
From Figure 5.11
D_out Su
Ws g
(Friction Factor = c)
c := 0.24
Sand Soil
s := 0
Friction Factor Coefficient
:=
s if soil = 1
c otherwise
= 0.24
Calibration Factor
5
M = 5.791 10
K = 7.612 10
Fw := 1
-6
From Fig. 5.12
2.2.3 Lateral Stability Calculation

Hydrodynamic Forces and Required Submerged Weight
65 of 84.
= 1.843 10
Hydrodynamics Coefficient
Cd :=
= 0.753
Phase Angle Range
:= i deg
i := 0 .. 360
Lift Force
FL :=
1 sw
2
D_out CL ( Us cos( ) + U_D)

2 g
Drag Force
FD :=
1 sw
2
D_out Cd ( Us cos( ) + U_D)

2 g
Inertia Force
FI :=
Required Submerged Weight
D_out
W_s :=
sw
g
CM As sin( )
FD + FI + FL Fw
Result of Calculation
20.6028
20.6027
20.6026
W_s
20.6025
20.6024
20.6023
100
200
300
400
deg
Change the concrete thickness until its ok.

Concrete thickness
Wreq := max( W_s) = 20.603
t_cc = 50.8 mm
kg
m
Ws = 137.614
kg
3 N
Wso := Ws g = 1.35 10
if ( Ws Wreq , "Change Concrete Thickness" , "OK" ) = "OK"

Safety Factor for submerged weight due to requirement weight
66 of 84.
Specific Gravity
SG = 1.662
Submerged Weight
Ws = 137.614
kg
m
SFw :=
Ws
Wreq
= 6.679
DNV RP305 (Operation) OBS - NPS 16

1. Input Parameter
Outer Diameter
D_s := 16in = 0.406 m
Pipe Wall Thickness
t_s := 0.5 in
Concrete Thickness
t_cc := 2in = 0.051 m
Pipe Joint Length
L := 12.2m
Steel Pipe Density
s := 490
lb
ft
ID := D_s - 2 t_s = 0.381 m
cc := 190
lb
ft
kg
corr := 940
= 58.682
m
kg
sw := 1025
ft
= 63.989
m
cont := 35
lb
3
lb
ft
kg
3

Hs := 3.7m = 12.139 ft
Ts := 5.5s

Water Depth
Current velocity
Tp := 1.05 Ts = 5.775 s
d := 100m = 328.084 ft
Ur := 0.63
:= 1.076 10
- 5 ft
ca := 3mm
t_mg := 0mm
mg := 1400
kg
3
67 of 84.
2 s
Corrosion Allowance
= 2.067
ft
s
Zr := 10m
1.3 Soil Parameter

soil := 326.309
soil := 2
kg
3
Su := 2kPa
2. Calculation
Internal Diameter
D_in := D_s - 2t_s = 0.381 m
D_corr := D_s + 2 t_corr = 0.406 m
Ws :=
D_mg := D_s + 2 t_mg = 0.406 m
2
2
Ws = 141.605
kg
m
Buoyancy
B :=
D_out sw = 207.75
kg
m

Specific Gravity
SG :=
Ws + B
B
= 1.682

SG_prod :=
SG_soil :=

Tn :=
Tn
Tp
:=
d
g
= 3.193 s
= 0.553
Tp
Hs
68 of 84.
= 3.002
s
m
cont
sw
soil
sw
= 0.034
= 0.318
:=
5 if 3.6
=5
m
1 if 5
s
m
3.3 otherwise

Tn
Tp
= 0.553
Us :=
69 of 84.
0.000001 Hs
Tn
-6m
= 1.159 10
Tu := 1.4 Tp = 8.085 s

Grain Size
d50 := 0.125mm
Roughness
Zo := 1.04 10
-5

Kb := 2.5 d50 = 0.313 mm
Kb
-5
Zob :=
= 1.042 10 m
From Fig.
2-1
DNV
RP
E305
30
D_out
4
= 4.885 10
Zo
Zr
Zo
= 9.615 10

U_D :=
Zr
ln +
Zo
1 + Zo ln D_out + 1 - 1 Ur = 0.448 m

D_out Zo
s
70 of 84.
As := 2
M :=
KC Number
K :=
Reynold's Number
Re :=
Us
Tu
U_D
-7m
= 9.005 10
= 3.867 10
Us
Us Tu
D_out
= 1.844 10
( U_D + Us) D_out
-5
1.2 if Re < 3 10 M 0.8
= 1.2
0.7 otherwise
CL := 0.9
CM := 3.29
Soil Coefficient
Clay Soil
Ratio = 1/S
Ratio :=
From Figure 5.11
D_out Su
Ws g
c := 0.24
Sand Soil
s := 0
:=
s if soil = 1
c otherwise
= 0.24
Calibration Factor
5
M = 3.867 10
K = 1.844 10
Fw := 1
-5
From Fig. 5.12

71 of 84.
= 2.277 10
Cd :=
= 0.732
Phase Angle Range
:= i deg
i := 0 .. 360
Lift Force
FL :=
1 sw
2

2 g
Drag Force
FD :=
1 sw
2

2 g
Inertia Force
FI :=
D_out
W_s :=
sw
g
CM As sin( )
FD + FI + FL Fw
31.439
31.4388
W_s31.4386
31.4384
31.4382
100
200
300
400
deg

Concrete thickness
Wreq := max( W_s) = 31.439
t_cc = 50.8 mm
kg
m
Ws = 141.605
kg
3 N
Wso := Ws g = 1.389 10

72 of 84.
Specific Gravity
SG = 1.682
Submerged Weight
Ws = 141.605
kg
m
SFw :=
Ws
Wreq
= 4.504
DNV RP305 (Installation) OBS - NPS 60

1. Input Parameter
Outer Diameter
D_s := 60in = 1.524 m
Pipe Wall Thickness
t_s := 1 in
Concrete Thickness
t_cc := 4.5in = 0.114 m
Pipe Joint Length
L := 12.2m
Steel Pipe Density
s := 490
ID := D_s - 2 t_s = 1.473 m
lb
ft
cc := 190
lb
ft
kg
corr := 940
= 58.682
m
kg
sw := 1025
ft
= 63.989
m
lb
3
lb
ft
kg
cont := 0

Hs := 2m = 6.562 ft
Ts := 4.2s

Water Depth
Current velocity
Tp := 1.05 Ts = 4.41 s
d := 100m = 328.084 ft
Ur := 0.51
:= 1.076 10
- 5 ft
ca := 3mm
t_mg := 0mm
mg := 1400
kg
3
73 of 84.
2 s
Corrosion Allowance
= 1.673
ft
s
Zr := 10m
1.3 Soil Parameter

soil := 326.309
soil := 2
kg
3
Su := 2kPa
2. Calculation
Internal Diameter
D_in := D_s - 2t_s = 1.473 m
D_corr := D_s + 2 t_corr = 1.524 m
Ws :=
D_mg := D_s + 2 t_mg = 1.524 m
2
2
Ws = 256.325
kg
m
Buoyancy
B :=
3 kg
D_out sw = 2.473 10

Specific Gravity
SG :=
Ws + B
B
= 1.104

SG_prod :=
SG_soil :=

Tn :=
Tn
Tp
:=
d
g
= 3.193 s
= 0.724
Tp
Hs
74 of 84.
= 3.118
s
m
cont
sw
soil
sw
=0
= 0.318
:=
5 if 3.6
=5
m
1 if 5
s
m
3.3 otherwise

Tn
Tp
= 0.724
Us :=
75 of 84.
0.000001 Hs
Tn
-7m
= 6.263 10
Tu := 1.4 Tp = 6.174 s

Grain Size
d50 := 0.125mm
Roughness
Zo := 1.04 10
-5

Kb := 2.5 d50 = 0.313 mm
Kb
-5
Zob :=
= 1.042 10 m
From Fig.
2-1
DNV
RP
E305
30
D_out
5
= 1.685 10
Zo
Zr
Zo
= 9.615 10

U_D :=
Zr
ln +
Zo
1 + Zo ln D_out + 1 - 1 Ur = 0.409 m

D_out Zo
s
76 of 84.
As := 2
M :=
KC Number
K :=
Reynold's Number
Re :=
Us
Tu
U_D
-7m
= 6.374 10
= 6.523 10
Us
Us Tu
D_out
= 2.206 10
( U_D + Us) D_out
-6
1.2 if Re < 3 10 M 0.8
= 0.7
0.7 otherwise
CL := 0.9
CM := 3.29
Soil Coefficient
Clay Soil
Ratio = 1/S
Ratio :=
From Figure 5.11
D_out Su
Ws g
c := 0.24
Sand Soil
s := 0
:=
s if soil = 1
c otherwise
= 0.24
Calibration Factor
5
M = 6.523 10
K = 2.206 10
Fw := 1
-6
From Fig. 5.12

77 of 84.
= 7.162 10
Cd :=
= 1.394
Phase Angle Range
:= i deg
i := 0 .. 360
Lift Force
FL :=
1 sw
2

2 g
Drag Force
FD :=
1 sw
2

2 g
Inertia Force
FI :=
D_out
4
sw
g
CM As sin( )
FD + FI + FL Fw
W_s :=
58.341
58.34
58.339
W_s 58.338
58.337
58.336
58.335
100
200
300
400
deg

Concrete thickness
Wreq := max( W_s) = 58.34
t_cc = 114.3 mm
kg
m
Ws = 256.325
kg
3 N
Wso := Ws g = 2.514 10

78 of 84.
Specific Gravity
SG = 1.104
Submerged Weight
Ws = 256.325
kg
m
SFw :=
Ws
Wreq
= 4.394
DNV RP305 (Operation) OBS - NPS 60

1. Input Parameter
Outer Diameter
D_s := 60in = 1.524 m
Pipe Wall Thickness
t_s := 1 in
Concrete Thickness
t_cc := 4.5in = 0.114 m
Pipe Joint Length
L := 12.2m
Steel Pipe Density
s := 490
ID := D_s - 2 t_s = 1.473 m
lb
ft
cc := 190
lb
ft
kg
corr := 940
= 58.682
m
kg
sw := 1025
ft
= 63.989
m
cont := 35
lb
3
lb
ft
kg
3

Hs := 3.7m = 12.139 ft
Ts := 5.5s

Water Depth
Current velocity
Tp := 1.05 Ts = 5.775 s
d := 100m = 328.084 ft
Ur := 0.63
:= 1.076 10
- 5 ft
ca := 3mm
t_mg := 0mm
mg := 1400
kg
3
79 of 84.
2 s
Corrosion Allowance
= 2.067
ft
s
Zr := 10m
1.3 Soil Parameter

soil := 326.309
soil := 2
kg
3
Su := 2kPa
2. Calculation
Internal Diameter
D_in := D_s - 2t_s = 1.473 m
D_corr := D_s + 2 t_corr = 1.524 m
Ws :=
D_mg := D_s + 2 t_mg = 1.524 m
2
2
Ws = 315.984
kg
m
Buoyancy
B :=
3 kg
D_out sw = 2.473 10

Specific Gravity
SG :=
Ws + B
B
= 1.128

SG_prod :=
SG_soil :=

Tn :=
Tn
Tp
:=
d
g
= 3.193 s
= 0.553
Tp
Hs
80 of 84.
= 3.002
s
m
cont
sw
soil
sw
= 0.034
= 0.318
:=
5 if 3.6
=5
m
1 if 5
s
m
3.3 otherwise

Tn
Tp
= 0.553
Us :=
81 of 84.
0.000001 Hs
Tn
-6m
= 1.159 10
Tu := 1.4 Tp = 8.085 s

Grain Size
d50 := 0.125mm
Roughness
Zo := 1.04 10
-5

Kb := 2.5 d50 = 0.313 mm
Kb
-5
Zob :=
= 1.042 10 m
From Fig.
2-1
DNV
RP
E305
30
D_out
5
= 1.685 10
Zo
Zr
Zo
= 9.615 10

U_D :=
Zr
ln +
Zo
1 + Zo ln D_out + 1 - 1 Ur = 0.505 m

D_out Zo
s
82 of 84.
As := 2
M :=
KC Number
K :=
Reynold's Number
Re :=
Us
Tu
U_D
-7m
= 9.005 10
= 4.355 10
Us
Us Tu
D_out
= 5.345 10
( U_D + Us) D_out
-6
1.2 if Re < 3 10 M 0.8
= 0.7
0.7 otherwise
CL := 0.9
CM := 3.29
Soil Coefficient
Clay Soil
Ratio = 1/S
Ratio :=
From Figure 5.11
D_out Su
Ws g
c := 0.24
Sand Soil
s := 0
:=
s if soil = 1
c otherwise
= 0.24
Calibration Factor
5
M = 4.355 10
K = 5.345 10
Fw := 1
-6
From Fig. 5.12

83 of 84.
= 8.847 10
Cd :=
= 1.131
Phase Angle Range
:= i deg
i := 0 .. 360
Lift Force
FL :=
1 sw
2

2 g
Drag Force
FD :=
1 sw
2

2 g
Inertia Force
FI :=
D_out
4
sw
g
CM As sin( )
FD + FI + FL Fw
W_s :=
89.026
89.024
89.022
W_s
89.02
89.018
89.016
100
200
300
400
deg

Concrete thickness
Wreq := max( W_s) = 89.024
t_cc = 114.3 mm
kg
m
Ws = 315.984
kg
3 N
Wso := Ws g = 3.099 10

84 of 84.
Specific Gravity
SG = 1.128
Submerged Weight
Ws = 315.984
kg
m
SFw :=
Ws
Wreq
= 3.549

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15512006 REEZALI RAHARJAYA 1 of 84.

Tugas 5 KL- 4220 PIPA BAWAH LAUT

BAGIAN A FREE SPAN ANALYSIS (BOBOT 100% )

Significant wave height (m)

Significant wave period (s)

Maximum Individual height (m)

15512006 REEZALI RAHARJAYA 2 of 84.

Perilaku Anti korupsi dimulai sejak dini.. Dilarang mencontek!

15512006 REEZALI RAHARJAYA 3 of 84.

Allowable Free Span (ft)

Keterangan: Perhitungan On-Bottom Stability (OBS) dapat diperoleh di bagian lampiran.

15512006 REEZALI RAHARJAYA 4 of 84.

Free Span Analysis - Hydrotest NPS 60

1.1 Pipeline Design Parameter

Modulus Elas city

SMYS API 5L X-65

Corrosion Coa ng THK

Thermal Coe cient

Corrosion Coa ng Density

1.2 Environmental Parameter

DNV RP F105 para. 6.2.11

15512006 REEZALI RAHARJAYA 5 of 84.

Signi cant Wave Period

Current 10% WD Above Seabed

Kinema c Viscosity of Seawater

1.3 Soil Parameter

Undrained Shear Strength

From table A.1 DNV RP

Corr. Coat. Weight

Weff := Wst + Wcorr + Wcont + Wcc + Wadd

15512006 REEZALI RAHARJAYA 6 of 84.

2.2 Wave Induced Velocity Calculation

Calcula on of Wave Length

Phase Angle Range:

Reduc on factor (direc onality)

R wave := sin wave

15512006 REEZALI RAHARJAYA 7 of 84.

Signi cant wave vel. perpendicular

Horizontal Water Par cle Accelera on

2.3 Free Span - Dynamic

From Fig A.3 DNV 1981

con1 if 1 < Vr < 3.5 Ks < 1.8

Otype = "In-line Oscillation"

From Fig. A.2 DNV 1981

15512006 REEZALI RAHARJAYA 8 of 84.

Vortex Shedding Frequency

Cri cal Pipespan

2.4 Free Span - Static

Limi ng Longitudinal Pressure

xa( L) = 5.2 10 psi

15512006 REEZALI RAHARJAYA 9 of 84.

x Lcrit( L) = 5.197 10 psi

Von Mises Stress

0.9SMYS = 5.85 10 psi

Cri cal pipespan - Dynamic

Cri cal pipespan - Sta c

15512006 REEZALI RAHARJAYA 10 of 84.

Free Span Analysis - Instalasi NPS 60

1.1 Pipeline Design Parameter

Modulus Elas city

SMYS API 5L X-65