A. Indirect holding
Yang dimaksud dengan indirect holding adalah investasi yang
memungkinkan investor untuk mngendalikan atau mempengaruhi secara
signifikan perusahaan lain tidak melalui kepemilikan saham langsung,
melainkan melalui anak perusahaannya. Struktur indirect holding terdiri
dari dua macam yaitu struktur induk-anak-cucu (father-son-grandson) dan
struktur afiliasi terkoneksi (connecting affiliates).
1. Indirect holding berstruktur induk-anak-cucu.
A mempunyai saham B 80%, B mempunyai saham C 70%, maka secara
tidak langsung A memiliki 80% x 70% = 56% saham C. Oleh karena itu, C
harus masuk ke dalam laporan konsolidasi A. Dalam struktur ini, yang
dilihat adalah apakah A punya kendali atas B dan B punya kendali atas C,
meskipun akhirnya kepemilikan A atas C secara tidak langsung kurang dari
50%.
Misal A mempunyai saham B 80%, B mempunyai saham C 60%, maka
secara tidak langsung A memiliki 80% x 60% = 48% saham C. Meskipun
kepemilikan secara tidak A atas C kurang dari 50%, C harus masuk ke
dalam laporan konsolidasi A.
Contoh soal:
A membeli 80% saham B pada 1 Januari 2009 senilai 192,000. B membeli
70% saham C pada 1 Januari 2010 senilai $105,000. Tidak ada kelebihan
cost atas book value saham yang diperoleh.
Laporan keuangan dan kertas kerja konsolidasi ketiga perusahaan tahun
2010 tampak di halaman 2.
$8,000
$8,000
$38,000
$38,000
Income Statement
Sales
Dividend income
200,0
00
24,00
0
Dividend income
Expenses including cost
of sales
NCI expense B
100,0
00
140,0
00
14,00
0
90,00
0
100,0
00
Retained earnings
Retained earnings,
beginning
Retained earnings,
ending
Balance sheet
Other assets
Investment in B
Liabilities
Capital stock
440,000
60,00
0
250,000
e
15,600
c
12,000
15,600
12,000
124,0
00
64,00
0
40,00
0
92,00
0
50,00
0
50,00
0
124,0
00
60,00
0
64,00
0
30,00
0
40,00
0
20,00
0
156,0
00
84,00
0
70,00
0
202,400
461,6
00
192,0
00
231,0
00
200,0
00
892,600
Investment in C
Total Assets
consolidat
ed
statement
s
b
24,000
b
14,000
NCI expense C
Net income
Adjustment &
eliminations
debit
credit
653,6
00
97,60
0
400,0
00
162,400
d
50,000
f
50,000
200,0
00
30,00
0
100,0
00
100,000
162,400
b
14,000
c
6,000
b
24,000
e
6,000
a
8,000
105,0
00
336,0
00
52,00
0
200,0
00
a
8,000
60,000
f
200,000
d
105,000
892,600
179,600
d
100,000
f
400,000
200,000
Retained earnings
156,0
00
84,00
0
70,00
0
202,400
NCI C beginning
d
45,000
c
6,000
f
50,000
e
9,600
NCI C ending
NCI B beginning
NCI B ending
Total liabilities &
equities
653,6
00
c. NCI expense C
Dividend
NCI C ending
336,0
00
200,0
00
51,000
59,600
892,600
$12,000
$6,000
6,000
$100,000
50,000
$105,000
45,000
e. NCI expense B
$15,600
Dividend
$6,000
NCI B ending
9,600
(untuk mencatat non controlling interest expense B 20% x $50,000 +
20% x 70% x $40,000)
Di samping hak atas net income B sebesar 20% x $50,000, NCI B juga
punya hak atas net income C secara tidak langsung yaitu 20% x 70% x
$40,000
f.
Capital stock B
Retained earnings B, beg
Investment in B
NCI B beginning
$200,000
50,000
$200,000
50,000
tersendiri
P
$70,000
$40,000
Net Income
Dividend
dan
dividen
S
$35,000
$20,000
masing-masing
T
$20,000
$10,000
Laporan keuangan dan kertas kerja konsolidasi ketiga perusahaan tahun 2010
tampak sbb:
P
Income Statement
Sales
Dividend income
Dividend income
200,0
00
14,00
0
6,000
150,0
00
2,000
100,0
00
Adjustment &
eliminations
debit
credit
d
15,000
j
14,000
g
8,000
consolidat
ed
statement
s
435,000
10,00
0
100,0
00
40,00
0
80,00
0
35,00
0
50,00
0
30,00
0
NCI S
Retained earnings
Retained earnings, beg
P
90,00
0
37,00
0
34,00
0
Deduct: Dividend
Retained earnings,
ending
Balance sheet
Other assets
Inventories
Plant assets - net
Investment in S (70%)
Investment in T (60%)
80,00
0
220,000
105,000
10,200
4,000
20,00
0
198,0
00
d
15,000
k
10,200
h
4,000
NCI T
Net income
f
10,000
e
5,000
95,800
c
4,200
b
18,000
l
34,000
a
16,000
211,800
i
80,000
90,00
0
40,00
0
37,00
0
20,00
0
20,00
0
10,00
0
248,0
00
51,00
0
90,00
0
263,600
46,20
0
50,00
0
400,0
00
175,0
00
22,00
0
40,00
0
200,0
00
85,00
0
15,00
0
100,0
00
153,200
96,00
0
95,800
g
6,000
g
2,000
h
2,000
k
6,000
j
14,000
b
18,000
e
5,000
f
10,000
l
170,800
c
4,200
h
114,000
40,000
100,000
690,000
Investment in T (20%)
20,00
0
a
16,000
Goodwill
Total Assets
Liabilities
Capital stock
Retained earnings
h
36,000
i
10,000
l
10,000
774,2
00
126,2
00
400,0
00
282,0
00
31,00
0
200,0
00
200,0
00
10,00
0
100,0
00
248,0
00
51,00
0
90,00
0
963,200
167,200
i
100,000
l
200,000
400,000
278,600
NCI S
k
4,200
l
73,200
h
2,000
i
40,000
NCI T
20,000
282,0
00
200,0
00
77,400
40,000
963,200
$16,000
$16,000
$18,000
$18,000
$4,200
$4,200
$15,000
Cost of goods sold
$15,000
$5,000
$5,000
$10,000
$10,000
$8,000
$8,000
h. NCI expense T
Dividend
NCI T ending
$4,000
$2,000
2,000
Capital stock T
Retained earnings T, beg
Goodwill
Investment inT-60%
Investment inT-20%
36,000
NCI T beginning
40,000
$100,000
80,000
10,000
$114,000
Dividend income
Dividend - S
$14,000
$14,000
Capital stock S
Retained earnings S, beg
Goodwill
Investment in S
$170,800
NCI S beginning
73,200
$200,000
34,000
10,000
B. Mutual holding
Yang dimaksud dengan mutual holding adalah kepemilikan saham oleh
perusahaan yang berafiliasi. Struktur mutual holding ada dua bentuk yaitu
saham induk dimiliki oleh anak perusahaan dan saham anak dimiliki oleh
anak perusahaan yang lainnya
1. Saham induk dimiliki oleh anak perusahaan
Dari sudut pandang konsolidasi, saham induk yang dimiliki oleh anak
perusahaan tidak termasuk ke dalam saham yang beredar. Oleh karena itu di
dalam laporan keuangan konsolidasi, saham tersebut akan dilaporkan sebagai
saham treasuri dan akan dikurangkan dari stockholders equity konsolidasi
pada nilai costnya.
1) Konsolidasi tahun perolehan - tanpa pembagian dividen
Awal Januari 2009, P membeli 90% saham S senilai $270,000. Pada saat itu
capital stock S $200,000 dan Retained earnings $100,000. 5 Januari 2009,
S membeli 10% saham P senilai $70,000. Pada saat itu capital stock P
$500,000 dan Retained earnings $200,000.
Income Statement
Sales
Expenses including Cost
of sales
NCI expense
Net income
Retained earnings
Retained earnings,
beginning
Add: net income
Retained earnings, ending
Balance sheet
Other assets
Investment in S (90%)
120,00
0
70,000
80,000
200,000
50,000
120,000
a
3,000
50,000
30,000
200,00
0
50,000
250,00
0
100,00
0
30,000
130,00
0
480,00
0
270,00
0
260,00
0
Investment in P (10%)
Total Assets
Capital stock
Retained earnings
750,00
0
500,00
0
250,00
0
330,00
0
200,00
0
130,00
0
3,000
b
100,000
200,000
77,000
277,000
740,000
b
270,000
c
70,000
740,000
b
200,000
500,000
277,000
c
70,000
NCI S, beginning
(70,000)
b
30,000
a
3,000
NCI S, ending
750,00
0
330,00
0
consolidat
ed
statement
s
77,000
70,000
Treasury stock
Adjustment &
eliminations
Debit
Credit
33,000
740,000
a. NCI expense
NCI, ending
$3,000
$3,000
$200,000
100,000
$270,000
30,000
$70,000
$70,000
Separate earnings
Dividends
S
$40,000
20,000
$27,000
Dividend income
Dividend - S
$18,000
$18,000
Adjustment &
eliminations
consolidat
Debit
Income Statement
Sales
Dividend income
140,00
0
18,000
Dividend income
Expenses including Cost
of sales
NCI
Net income
Retained earnings
Retained earnings,
beginning
Add: net income
Deduct: Dividend
Investment in S (90%)
43,000
250,00
0
78,000
30,000
130,00
0
43,000
Capital stock
Retained earnings
96,000
d
130,000
a
27,000
c
3,000
b
18,000
e
2,000
277,000
96,000
27,000
153,00
0
346,000
528,00
0
270,00
0
283,00
0
811,000
a
27,000
70,000
750,00
0
500,00
0
298,00
0
353,00
0
200,00
0
153,00
0
d
297,000
f
70,000
811,000
d
200,000
500,000
346,000
f
70,000
NCI S, beginning
(70,000)
d
33,000
e
2,000
NCI S, ending
c. Dividend income
4,000
298,00
0
Treasury stock
140,000
20,000
Investment in P (10%)
Total Assets
b
18,000
c
3,000
60,000
78,000
ed
statement
s
240,000
e
4,000
Dividend
Retained earnings,
ending
Balance sheet
Other assets
100,00
0
3,000
80,000
Credit
750,00
0
353,00
0
35,000
811,000
$3,000
Dividend - P
$3,000
$200,000
130,000
$297,000
33,000
$4,000
$2,000
$2,000
f.
Treasury stock
Investment in P
$70,000
$70,000
Net
income
operation
Dividend
from
separate
P
$112,0
00
50,000
S
$51,00
0
30,000
T
$40,0
00
20,00
0
Total
$203,00
0
100,000
Investment in T
Retained earnings S,beginning
$28,000
$28,000
Income Statement
Sales
Dividend income
412,00
0
24,000
161,00
0
Dividend income
Other expenses
100,0
00
14,000
Dividend income
Cost of sales
3,000
220,00
0
80,000
70,000
40,000
Retained earnings
Retained earnings,
beg P
Retained earnings,
beg S
e
24,000
d
14,000
c
3,000
330,000
140,000
h
5,100
f
13,530
NCI T
136,00
0
65,000
5,100
f 13,530
43,00
0
184,370
324,00
0
200,00
0
Consolidate
d
statement
673,000
40,00
0
20,00
0
NCI S
Net income
Adjustments &
Eliminations
Debit
Credit
i
180,00
b
76,000
a
28,000
400,000
28,000
Retained earnings,
beg T
Add: net income
80,00
0
43,00
0
20,00
0
0
g
80,000
136,00
0
50,000
65,000
Retained earnings,
ending
Balance sheet
Cash
410,00
0
235,00
0
103,0
00
562,370
60,000
50,000
153,000
250,00
0
550,00
0
260,00
0
90,000
43,00
0
70,00
0
130,0
00
Deduct: Dividend
30,000
300,00
0
Liabilities
Capital stock
Retained earnings
NCI S
980,000
336,000
g
133,000
40,000
g
10,000
i
20,000
1,120,
000
210,00
0
500,00
0
545,00
0
110,00
0
200,00
0
283,0
00
80,00
0
100,0
00
410,00
0
235,00
0
103,0
00
50,000
410,000
40,00
0
Goodwill
Total Assets
e
24,000
c
3,000
h
3,000
d
14,000
f
6,000
b
76,000
a
28,000
105,00
0
Investment in S (10%)
183,600
30,000
1,573,000
400,000
g100,0
00
i
200,00
0
500,000
562,370
i
44,000
h
2,100
46,100
NCI T
Total liabilities
& equities
g
57,000
f
7,530
1,120,
000
545,00
0
b. Investment in S
Retained earnings P, beginning
283,0
00
64,530
1,573,000
$60,000
$60,000
$3,000
$3,000
$14,000
$14,000
$24,000
$24,000
NCI expense T
Dividend
NCI T ending
$13,530
$6,000
7,530
g. Capital stock T
Retained earnings T, beg
Goodwill
Investment inT-60%
NCI T beginning
57,000
$100,000
80,000
10,000
$133,000
i.
Capital stock S
Retained earnings S, beg
Goodwill
Investment in S
(80%)
$336,000
Investment in S
(10%)
40,000
NCI S beginning
44,000
$200,000
200,000
20,000
LATIHAN SOAL
Comparative financial statements for P and its subsidiaries S & T, at and
for the year ended 2010 are as follows:
Income Statement
Sales
Dividend income
Dividend income
Dividend income
Cost of sales
Other expenses
NCI S
NCI T
Net income
Retained earnings
Retained earnings,
beg P
Retained earnings,
beg S
Retained earnings,
beg T
Add: net income
Deduct: Dividend
Retained earnings,
ending
Balance sheet
500,00
0
300,00
0
100,0
00
240,00
0
160,00
0
150,00
0
70,000
60,00
0
15,00
0
100,00
0
80,000
25,00
0
427,00
0
46,000
100,00
0
80,000
80,000
447,00
0
86,000
40,000
128,0
00
25,00
0
10,00
0
143,0
00
Adjustments &
Eliminations
Debit
Credit
Consolidate
d
statement
Cash
67,000
36,000
Accounts Receivable
70,000
50,000
Inventories
110,00
0
140,00
0
420,00
0
75,000
75,000
425,00
0
10,00
0
20,00
0
35,00
0
115,0
00
68,00
0
1,217,
000
70,000
536,00
0
40,000
180,0
00
15,00
0
5,000
100,00
0
600,00
0
447,00
0
10,000
400,00
0
86,000
100,0
00
60,00
0
1,217,
000
536,00
0
263,0
00