GATE-1997 CIVIL ENGINEERING Duration : Three how Maximum marks : 150 SECTION A. (100 Marks) 1, Foreach subquestion given below, for answers viz 2 is correct, Choose the correct answer from 15: Lneseamienst| 5 ; 4. 12, 14, A,B,CorD (10x 0) For the differential equation, +g (sy) =0 lo be exact, at _ag ar _ ag ay () ( fey @ 16, dy The differential equation + Py =Q, isa linear equation of first order only if (a) Pisa constant but Q is a function of y (8) Pand Qare functions of y or constanis, (©) Pisa function of y but Qisa constant (@) Pand Qare functions of x oF constants 43. For real values of x, cos (x) can be written in one of the forms of a convergent series given below (@) cos(x) = 18. (®) cose) = (ce) cos(x) = x 19, (a) cos(x) If A and B are wo matrices and if AB exists, then BA exists @ only if A has as many rows as B has columns (®) only ifboth A and B are square matrices (©) only if A and Bare skew matrices (@) oniy if both A and B are symmetric 4.10, 6 “} i526, then, [27 27 the determinant of the matrix | 5 ~® |i 132 () -26 ©) % 0 «2 fo 10 | Inverse of matrix |° 9 10 of. o4 100 @fioo jo 04 010 010 10 0 oor © Jo10 @lo10 001 100. Area bounded by the curve y = x?and lines x = 4 and y = 0 is given by (o) 64 o $ 8 28 oF er The curve given by the equation x* + y?=3 axy, is (a) symmetrical about x ~ axis (W)_symmetzical about y ~ axis (0 symmetrical about line y =x (a) tangential tox /3 cis periodic, with a period of (@) 2n & din Or @ ix Lr SAMO here m is an integer, is ene of the ono following: @m (8) mr ( mo @122. 23, 24. 2.5, Foreach subguestion given below, four answer viz: A,B,C and Dare provided, out of which only one is correct. The force in the member DE of the truss shown i Ihe figure is 100 ks () 100.0 kN (0) 2er0 (6) 35.5 kN (@) 250 kN A propped cantilever beam of span L, is loaded with uniformly distributed load of intensity w/unit length, all through the span. Bending, moment at the fixed end is @ aa @ wh? wit fe) oa @) a ‘The degree of kinematic inderminacy of the rigid frame with clamped ends at A and D shown in the Figure 2.3. is, (4 ?—— 3 to 2 (a) zero For the frame shown in the Figure 2.4, the maximum bending moment in the column is rt Hinge z I (9) 2010 100%KN—e, (D) 400 KN m Hinge | | (e) 100 KN m ’#— tm ——4 (d) 200kN m ‘The order or the flexibility matrix for a structure is (@) equal io the number of redundant forces (®} more than the number of redundant forces (©) less than the number of redundent forces (4) equal ot the number of redundant forces plus three 26. 27, 28. 29, 2.10, 201. 2.12, A cantilever beam of span ‘L’ is loaded with a concentrated load ‘P’ at the free end. Deflection of the beam at the frce end is SPL wy) Po o 384 EL ‘The cylinder strength of the concrete is less than the cube strength because of (@) the difference in the shape of the cross section of the specimens (W) the difference in the slendeness ratio of the (©) the friction between the concrete specimens and the steel plate of the testing machine the cubes are tested without capping but the cylinders are tested with capping (a) IS 459 - 1978 recommends to provide certain minimum steel in a RCC beam (@ toensuire compression failure {®) to avoid rupture of steel in case a flexural foilure occurs (©) tohold the stirrup steel in position (a) to provide enough ductility to the beam ‘The permissible bending tensile stress in concrete for the vertical wall of an R.C. water tank made of M25 concrete is, (a) 85N/mm? (© 25N/mm? @) 60N/mm? @ 18N/mm? Permissible bending tensile stress in high yield strength deformed bars of grade 415 N/mm* ina beam is (@) 190 N/mm? (©) 140 N/ment @ 230 N/mm? (a) None of the above A prestressed concrete rectangular beam of size 300 mm x 900 mm is prestressed with an intial prestressing force of 700 KN at an eccentricity of 350 mm at midspan. Stress at top of the due to presiress alone, in N/mm? is (&) 2.59 (compression) (d) 8.64 (compression) Maximum size of a fillet weld for a plate of square edge is (a) 15 mm less than the thickness of the plate (0) one half of the thickness of the plate (c} thickness of the plate itself (@) 1.5 mm more than the thickness of the plate23. 2a 248. 3a. 33. 34. 35. Foctor of safety adopted by 1S = 800 ~ 1984 while arriving at the permissible stress in axial compression is () 2.00 (6) 100 © 167 «150 Effective length of a rafter member between two nodes ata distanee L, perpendicular to the plane of the truss is () 2.001, (085 fe) 1.5 (@) 1.00 L, Allowable average shear stress in an unstiffened web for beams made of steel of grade 250 N/mm? is (a) 250N/mm? () 165 N/mm? (©) 150 N/mm? (@) 100 N/mme each subquestion given below, four answers viz iA, B, Cand Dare provided, out of which only. one is correct. (15 <1=15) If the porosity of a soil sample is 20%, the void ratiois (@ 020 @& 080 © 1.00 (a) 025 The shape of clay particle is usually (@) angular © flaky (© tubular (@) rounded Consistency Index for a clayer soil is [LL = Liquid Limit, PL = Plastic Limit, PI = Plasticity Index, W = natural moisture content] w-PL oT @) 05 @ PL (© LL-PL According to Darey’s law for flow through porous media, the velocity is proportional to (a) effectivestress (0) hydraulic gradient (©) cohesion (@) stability number A soil mass has coefficients of horizontal and vertical permeability as 9 x 10%em/s and 4x 10%em/s, respectively. The transformed coefficient of permeability of an equivalent isotropic soil mass is (a) 9x 107em/s (© 13 x10%em/s (0) 4x 10%em/s @ 6x 10%m/s 3.6, 37. 38. 39, 3.0. 311, 312. 3.13. Bald. In a compaction t 38 the compaction eto increased, the optimum moisture content ° (@) decreases (H) remaing same (c) increases if) increases first there after decreases ‘The vertical stress at depth. 2 directly below the point load p is (k isa constant) f Ke (yk ic) KE The slope of thee -log putve fora soil mass gives (@) coefficient of permeability, (0) coefficient of consolidation C (© compression index, (@) coefficient of volume compzessibility, m, Sand and drains are used to @ © © @ Coulomb's theory of earth pressure is based on (@ the theory of elasticity @) the therory of plasticity (© empirical rules (@) wedge theory reduce the settlement accelerate the consolidation increase the permeability transfer the load ‘The depth of tension erack in a soft clay (, = 0) is aC 2 oF oF c Cc, » & ay Se oF oy Vane tester is normally used for determining in situ shear strength of (@) soft ciays © ssliffclays () sana (@) gravel “The unit for coefficient of subgrade modults is (o) KN/m? 0) kag? (© ku/m @ ku/m ‘The ratio of unconfined compressive strength of an undisturbed sample of soil to that of @ remoulded sample, at the same water content is known as {a} activity (c) plasticity (0) damping (a) sensitivity3.15, Well foundation areconsmonly used as foundation forthe following structures (@) Water tan (0) Bridges (©) Buildings (4) Reciprocating machines 4. Foreach subquestion given below, four answers viz: A, B, Cand Dare provided, out of which only iscorrect, (15 «1 =15) 4.1. The unit of dynamic viscosity of a fluid is (a) m/s (b) Nis/m? (ec) Pas/m? ld) kg/m 4.2, Thecentreof pressure ofa liquid on applane surface immersed verlically ina static body af liquid, always lies below the centroid of the surface area, because (@) in liquids the pressure acting is same in all directions {b) there is no shear stress in liguids at rest (6). the liquid pressure is constant over depth (@) the liquid pressure increasses linearly with depth 43. One of the following statements is true with regards to bodies that float or are submerged in liquids: (@) For a body wholly submerged in a liquid the stability is ensured if the centre of buoyancy is below the centre of gravity of the body (0) For a body floating in a liquid the stability is ensured if the centre of buoyancy is below the centre of gravity of the body (€) Fora body floating in a liquid the stability is ensured if the centre of buoyany and the centre of gravily, regardless of the relative positions of the centre of buoancy and gravity {@) Fora body floating in a liquid the stability is ensticed if te centre of buoyancy is below the centre of gravity and the metacentre is above both the centres of gravity and buoyancy, 44. The kinetic energy correction factor for a fully developed laminar flow through a circular pipe is (=) 1.00 (1.33 (©) 2.00 ld) 1.50 45. 46. 49. 48. 49. Two flow patterns are represented by their stream functions y and yas given below wae, yy 2xy If these two parterns are superposed on one another, the resulting streamline pattern ean be represented by one of the following (@) A family of parallel straight lines (6) A family of cireles (cA family of parabolas (d)_A family of hyperbolas While deriving an expression for loss of head due toa sudden expansion in a pipe, in addition to the continuity and impulse - momentum equaticts, one of the following assumptions is made : (a) Head loss due to friction is equall to the head Joss in eddying motion (8) The mean pressure in eddying fluid is equal to the downstream pressure (©, The mean pressure in eddying fluids is equal to the upstream pressure (@) Head lost in eddies is neglected Ifa single pipe of length L and diameter Dis tobe replaced by three pipes of same material, same length and equal diameterd (dD), toconvey the same total discharge under the same head loss, then d and Dare related by D D s © d= D D 0) d= W@) o=e ‘The downstream end of long prismatic channel of mild slope ends in a pool created by a dam. The resulting non-uniform water surface profile can be described as one of the following. (@) My profile ending in a hydraulic pump (0) M, profile that les above normal depth line (©) M, profile that ties between critical and nonmal depth lines. (@}_ M, profile that lies between critical and norm! depth lines A hydraulic turbine develops a power on 10* metric horse power while running at a speed of 100 revolutions por minute, under a head of 401. Its specific speed is nears: to one of the following: (ay 100 (0) 628 te) 5: (ay 3144.10. A hyelograph is a graph representing 4. 4.12, 4.13. 414, 415. (@) rainfall volume with time (0) rainfall int (©) rai sity with time all intensity with duration (@) rainfall intensity over an area Mukingham method for routing of flood (0) isused for routing floods through reservoirs © isa method of routing that uses continuity and momentun equations (0) is a hydrologic method of routing floods through streams (@) is one is which only energy equation is used Both Reynolds and Froude numbers assume significance in one of following examples : (@) Motion of submarine at large depths (8) Motion of ship in deep seas (©) Cruising of a misssile in air (@) Flow over spillways For a ‘best’ symmetrical trapezoidal section of an open channel with a given area of sectionand side slopes, one of the following statements holds true: (a) Half the top width is equal to one of the side slope () Half the top width plus the bottom width is equal to both the side slopes put together (©) Water depth is equal to half bottom width (d) Hydraulic mean depth is equal to half the top width Storage coefficient of a compressible confined aquifer is a function of (a) specific weight of water, thickness of the aquiler, compressibility of the aquifer and that of water. (8), permeability, thickness and compressibility of aq transmissibility of compressibility of water transmissibility of aquifer and specific yield of aquifer Lysimeter and Tensiometer are used to measure respectively, one of the following groups of quantities (@ Capillary potential and permeability @) Evapotranspiration and capillary potential (© Velocity in channels and vapour pressure (@) Velocity in pipes and pressure head and compressibility of water the auifer and (&) @ 5k. 5.2. 53. 54. 55. 5.6. For each subquestion given below, four answers! viz: A, B, Cand Dare provided, out of which only one is correet, (0x1 = 10) Flocculation is a process (a) that removes algae from stabilization pond effluent (©) that promotes the aggregation of small Particles into larger particles to enchance their removal by gravity Pathogens are usually removed by (@) chemical precipitation (@) sedimentation (©) activated sludge process (@) chlorination The ‘sag’ in the dissolved oxygen curve results, because (@) itis function of the rate of addition of oxygen to the stream (@) it is a function of the rate of depletion of ‘oxygen from the stream. (© itisa function of both addition and depletion of oxygen from the stream (@) the rate of addition is linear but the rate of depletion is non-linear. Design parameters for rapid mixing units are (a) velocity gradient and the volume of mixing basin ®) © viscosity and velocity gradient viscosity, velocity gradient and the volume of the mixing basin (d) detention time and viscosity of water. The absorbent most commonly used in water and ‘waste treatment is (@) Sand of grain size from 0.1 102 mm (8) Activated carbon granules of size 0.1 t02 mm (©) Ordinary wood shavings of fine size (a) Coaltar. Among the following disinfectants of waste water, the one that is most commonly used is (8) Chlorine (@) UV-radiation, (a) Chlorine dioxide (@) Ozone2 B 1 15. 16. v7. SECTION B (50 Marks) Answer any TEN question from thi Find the co-ordinates of the centroid of a plane amina of the quadrant of an ellipse the density at any point (x y) is given Kxy, where kis a constant, using clouble intergration. (5) Find the limiting valve of the ratio of the square of the sum of n natural numbers ton times the sum of squares of then natural naumberas,0 approaches infinity. © “Analyse the frame shown in figure by the method of moment distribution. Draw the bending moment diagram on the lension side of the members. (3) ROA 3 [| A bwo-hinged parabolic arch of span 100 m and rise 20 m carries a ceniral concentrated load of 100 KN. The moment of inertia of any section is I, sec 0, where 0 is the slope at the section and 1, is the moment of inertia at the crown, Compute the reactions at support by the strain energy method and draw the bending moment diagram. Neglect the effect of ribshortening. A ballis covered by a beam and slab system with beams placed at 3.0 m centres. The effective span of the beam is 8.35 m. The thickness of the slab is 120 mmm. The size of the beam below the slab is 230 mm width and 360 mr depth. The beam is reinforced with two numbers of 32 mm diameter steel rods of grade 415 N/mm?, Compute the ‘maximum (otal load/m run, the beam can carry, including ils own weight at service stage. Grade of concrete is M25, o (a) A simply supported beam of a beam and slab system, rests on a support of width 450 mm. The clear span of the beam is 16.0 m, The thickness of the slab is 120 mm. The depth, Of the beam below the slab is 480 mmand the 18. 19. Section. All question carry equal marks. (5x 10~ 50) Width of the beam is 250 mm. The beam ig reinforced with one row of 32: mm diameter steel rods. The total load including the super imposed dead load, live load and its own, weight is 25.0 KN/matservicestage Compute the maximum nominal design shear stress in the conerete. @ Design a square R. C column to resist an axial load of 400 KN due to dead load and 240 kN due to live load at service stage. Design the section as a short axially loaded column. Use M 25 concrete and steel of grade 415 N/mm. jive a neat sketch of the cross section, (2) A compound steel colunm consisting of 21SHB400 placed at 320 mm centres, carries a total axial load of 2500 KN. Minimum slenderness ratio of the compound column is 20, Width of the flange of one ISHB section is 250 mm and its minimum radius of gyration is 51.6 mm. Design a suitable single flat lacing. 20 mm diameter single rivet is used lo connect the lacings to the column. Rivet capacity need not be calculated. The following table may be used. (b) Slenderess ratio | Premissible compressive Stress N/mm? | 100 80 10 7 120 64 130 57 140 51 150 45 A settlement analysis carried out for a proposed structuze indicates that 9 cm of settlement will occur in 5 years and the final settlement will occur in 5 years and the final settlement will be 48 cm bases on double drainage condition. A detailed site investigation indicates that only single drainage exists, Estimate the settlement at the end of 5 years m for the changes condition. Use T= ©20. a. 24. Trvo identical soil specimen were tested ina triaxial apparatus. First specimen failed ata deviator stress of 770 KN/m? when the cell pressure was 200 KN/m2, Second specimen failed at a deviator stress of 1370 KN/m? under a cell pressure of 400 KN/m?, Determine the value of ‘C’ and “6” analytically. If the same soil is tested ina direct shear apparatus with a normal stress of 600 kN/ 1m estimate the shear stress at failure o Using Terzaghi throry, determine the ultimate bearing capacity of a strip fooling 15 m wide resting ona saturated clay (C, = 30 KN/m?, 4, =0 and +,,,= 20 KN/m'), at a depth of 2 m below ground level. The water table is also at a depth of 2m from the ground level. Ifthe water table rises by Im, calculate the percentage reduction in the ultimate bearing capacity, An anchored sheet pile wall is to retain soil to a height of 5.5 m. The soil including that into which the pile is driven, is cohesionless with $ = 30° and y= 208 kN/tm’, The surface of the retained soil is horizontal and level with the top of the wall. Tie rodes are fixed at 1.83 m below the top of the wall. Determine the minimum penetration depth of the pile toachieve free earth supporteonditions, (5) A hydraulic jump occurs in a wide, rectangular channel with initial ard sequent depths of 0.5 m and 2.0 m respectively, Calculate (@) the discharge in m®/s per metre width (b) the possible critical depth for this discharge (c)_ the energy Joss in the jump, (in metres head) and, (d) sketch the critical depth line on the jump profile © Measured infiltration rates, fin cm hour, forevery hour from t=, when the rainfall just commenced to t= 8 hours, are given in the table below. The rainfall lasts over § hours. Calculate the total infiltration quantity during 8 hours using HORTON constant of k = 4 (day”). ©) Time (hours) Rem. hour] a 2.00 1 110 2 0.75, 3 0.65 z 0355) 5 0.50 é 050) 7 0.50 25. 26. 27. 23. A cylindrical tank 2.5 m diameter and 12:m longis installed with its axis horizontal. tt holds water up toa depth of 2m. There isa circular opening.of 7.5 cm in diameter at the bottom, which is kept plugged. Ifthe plug is removed todrain the water completely, estimate how long does it take to completely drain the water. C, for the opening is te Ina farmland irrigated by a system of pumps fom wells, the area irrigated is 50 hectares. Water pumped from wells is conveyed through a canal to the farms. Efficiency of water conveyance is 85% and pumps work at 12 hours/day. Available moisture holding capacity of the soil is 20 cm per metre depth and the average root zone depth is Im, Water application efficiency is 80%. Irrigation is started when moisture extraction level of 50% of available moisture is reached. Peak rate of moisture use by plants is 5 mm. Calculate the irrigation period in days and total pumping capacity required in litres/minute. 6) ‘A municipal waste water treatment plants to work with average and peak loading rates of 4,000 and 8,000 m?/day respectively. Design a primary clarifier to remove 65% suspended matter at average flow. An average overflow rate of 35m!/m? day is expected to correspond to 65% suspended matter removal efficiency. Obtain the diameter, side wall depth, detention time and calculate the overflow rate at peak condition. Secondary effluent from a municipal waste plant is discharged into a stream at the rate of 12,000 m?/day at 20°C with a BOD, of50:mg/itre, a dissolved oxygen concentreation of 2 mg/litre. ‘The stream flow is estimated tobe 40,000 m?/day, and the water quality, parameters in the stream upstream of the effluent outfall aze BOD, of 3mg/litre, dissolved oxgyen 7 mg/litre at 20°C. ‘Assume a decay constant for the mixture to be K = 0.23 (to the base ‘e’ in the decay curve). Estimate. (@) BODof the (b) Ultimate 80D (© DO of the mixture ixture29, In order to test a filtration process, clear water is, Modulus of elasticity ‘made to pass through a bed of uniform sand at a of concrete 5 2x1 EN/me filtering velocity of 3.0 m/hour. Sand bed has the Poisséon's ratiocf concrete + 0.15 lowing properties: nannies com Modulus of subgrade: 3.6 10¢KN/m Deplivet be Wheel load, 408 kN Sand grain size 05mm Tyre pressure 600 KN/m? Sand grain size 265 Sand grain shape factor a0, used to calculate filtration Reynolds number 4-080 a Porosity of sand bed : e=040 Kinematic viscosity of 20 water v=l0x10mi/s. g Calculate the lossof head in filtration ® és 30, Determine the exra width of pavement and the length of transition curve needed ona horizontal "| alignment of radius 225 m for atwo-lane raed, with a design speed of &) kph, Assume the vrheel base as of design vehicle as 6 m. 6) . ° po 74 €—4 i 31. Estimate the wheel load stressat interior and edge ‘Vien 2 cof cement concrete pavement of 231 em thickness, — using stress coefficient. ANSWERS, a IL@) 126) 13@ 14@ 15@ 16@ 170 184) 19@ Mold 21.0) 224) 23.0) 24 25.@) 26) 27.0) 28.0) -2.9.(@) 21018} 2M (@) 2AM) 213.0) 24 2.15.44) 31.4) 320) 33.@) 34) 35) 36) 370 3.8.0) 3.9.1) SID) 312) 342.0) 343.) 3.14.) 3.18.00) 41.) 420) 43.) 4415.) 460 47 484 4D.) 41 @ 442@) 413.0) 4148.) 4.15.0) SLOG 52) 53.0) 54) 55.6) 5.6.) 5:7.) 5B —-S.B[A 5.10} 61.0) 6.2.0) 63.) 64.) Bic} 6.(0) 67.) BQ) 69.(0) 6.1008)