WELCOME TO MY

PRESENTATION
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MANDALAY TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Study on Performance of Pile Foundation
in Horizontal and Sloping Ground
3rd Seminar
(17.5.2016)

Supervised by
Dr. Kay Thwe Tun
Associate Professor
Department of Civil
Engineering

Presented by
Mg Zin Ko Linn
ME.CSE-18
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Outline of Presentation
o Introduction
o Objectives
o Scope of the study
o Case Study and Analysis results
o Future Plan

Introduction
o A foundation is the most important part of the engineering
system.
o The foundation is that transmits the loads to the underlying
soil.
o The design of foundation must be considered depending upon
the superstructure of loads, geological conditions of soil, the
behaviors of earthquake and wind loadings and other
considerations.
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o If the building is rested on a weak soil formation which cannot

resist the loads coming from the proposed building, we have
to choose pile foundation.
o The soil-pile interaction mechanism in a sloping ground is
different from that in a horizontal ground.

Objectives
o To compare the lateral capacity of pile in horizontal and
sloping ground
o To find the effect of pile diameter on lateral capacity of pile
in horizontal and sloping ground
o To find the effect of pile length on lateral capacity of pile in
horizontal and sloping ground

Scope of the Study

o A twelve-storyed reinforced concrete building is considered
in seismic zone 4.
o Dynamic analysis of superstructure is designed with the
application of ETABS computer software.
o For the building design, UBC-97 for loading and ACI (31899) for design is used.
o Soil parameters for substructure system are taken from soil
report.
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o The foundation design will be studied at 1V:2H,1V:3H

sloping ground and horizontal ground.
o The pile foundation design will be carried out by using
ALLPILE Software.
o The behavior of pile foundation under seismic load are
considered by the help of PLAXIS Software.

Profile of the Proposed Building

Type of Structure

:12-storeyed R.C Building

Location

:Seismic Zone (4)

Type of Occupancy

:Hotel

Shape of Building

:Rectangular shape

Size of Building

:Length = 130 ft
:Width = 60 ft

Height of Building

:Typical story height = 10 ft

:Bottom story height = 12 ft
:Total height

= 131 ft
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3D View of Proposed Building

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Stability Checking for Proposed Building

Checking

X-direction

Y-direction

Limit

Remark

Sliding

3.11

3.11

1.5

Satisfied

Overturning
Moment

10.75

5.26

1.5

Satisfied

Story Drift

1.59579

1.78814

2.4

Satisfied

P- Effect

0.002235

0.002087

0.002353

Satisfied

1.04

1.2

Satisfied

Torsional
Irregularity

1.01

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Allowable Bearing Capacity of the Soil

The bearing capacity of soil is the maximum average contact
pressure between the foundation and the soil. Ultimate bearing
capacity is the maximum pressure which can be supported
without failure. Allowable bearing capacity is the ultimate bearing
capacity divided by a factor of safety.
The allowable bearing capacity is calculated by the following
three Equations:
1. Meyerhof's Equation,
2. Hansen's Equation and
3. Vesic's Equation

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Results of Allowable Bearing Capacity

Arthur

q all: (ton / ft2)

Meyerhof

1.42

Hansen

1.14

Vesic

1.01

The average allowable bearing capacity = 1.19 ton/ft2

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Determination of Foundation Type

The average allowable bearing capacity

= 1.19 ton/ft 2

The unfactored column load of superstructure

= 25622.1 kips

Available foundation area of proposed building = 64x134

= 8576 ft2
Required bearing capacity =
= 25622.1 / 8576
= 2.99 k/ft2
Required bearing capacity of superstructure > Allowable bearing capacity of soil
Therefore, pile foundation is used.
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Unfactored Column Load

Point

Unfactored Column
Loads (kips)

Point

Unfactored Column
Loads (kips)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16

267.71
325.58
325.51
340.71
339.71
340.69
339.71
340.69
325.41
324.53
267.63
362.04
424.14
452.31
511.81
494.27

17
18
19
20
21
22
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33

508.44
494.28
511.69
451.91
423.05
361.94
415.77
417.79
466.29
590.17
579.93
596.21
579.93
590.04
456.88
417.73

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Point

Unfactored Column
Loads (kips)

Point

Unfactored Column
Loads (kips)

34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
48
49
50

415.73
354.94
404.19
468.85
576.16
571.35
587.63
571.34
576.18
468.29
404.15
354.93
341.35
421.82
432.75
419.11

51
52
53
54
56
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69

434.64
419.11
432.78
421.25
341.35
178.37
197.82
235.97
265.19
265.09
265.87
265.09
265.19
235.94
197.8
178.37
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Determination of Load Cases

Point

Interval

Critical
Unfactored
Column Loads
(kips)

13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,2
1,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,
32,33,34,36,37,38,39,40,4
1,42,43,44,48,49,50,51,52,
53,54

400~600

488.27

Type-1

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,
22,35,45,46,56,59,60,61,6
2,63,64,65,66,67,68,69

150~400

612.95

Type-2

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Remark

Design Result of Single Pile

Type

Pile Diameter (ft)

Pile Length (ft)

2
60

2
50

Applied Load (kips)

596.21

362.04

Allowable Compression
Capacity (kips)

601.99

426.98

Tensile Strength (kips)

452.5

452.5

Allowable Uplift
Capacity (kips)

163.21

134.29

Settlement (in)
0.50091
Applied Load < Allowable Compression Capacity
Tensile Strength > Allowable Uplift Capacity
Settlement < 1 in

0.24594

So, the design of single pile foundation is acceptable for both type.
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Effect of Slope Ratio on Pile head Deflection

Deflection(in)
-1.60E-03

-1.47E-03

-1.40E-03

-1.27E-03

-1.20E-03
-1.00E-03

-8.81E-04

-8.00E-04
-6.00E-04

-5.09E-04

Type-2
-4.39E-04

-4.00E-04
-2.00E-04

-3.05E-04

Type-1

0.00E+00

Pile head deflection increase with increase in slope ratio.

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Effect of Slope Ratio on Top Moment

Moment(lb-in)
4.16E+04

4.50E+04

3.95E+04

4.00E+04

3.48E+04

3.50E+04
3.00E+04
2.50E+04
2.00E+04

1.96E+04

1.86E+04
1.64E+04

1.50E+04
1.00E+04
5.00E+03
0.00E+00

Type-1

Type-2

Pile top moment also increase with increase in slope ratio.

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Effect of Pile Diameter on Pile Head Deflection

1V:2H Sloping Ground
Deflection(in)
-1.47E-03

-1.60E-03
-1.40E-03
-1.20E-03
-1.00E-03

-7.64E-04

-8.00E-04
-6.00E-04
-4.00E-04

-5.09E-04

-2.63E-04
-1.57E-04

-2.00E-04
0.00E+00

Type-1

Type-2

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1V:3H Sloping Ground

Deflection(in)
-1.40E-03

-1.27E-03

-1.20E-03
-1.00E-03
-8.00E-04
-6.00E-04
-4.00E-04

-6.59E-04

-4.39E-04
-2.26E-04
-1.36E-04

-2.00E-04
0.00E+00

Type-1

Type-2
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Horizontal Ground
Deflection(in)

-8.81E-04

-9.00E-04
-8.00E-04
-7.00E-04
-6.00E-04

-4.54E-04

-5.00E-04
-4.00E-04

-3.05E-04

-3.00E-04
-2.00E-04
-1.00E-04
0.00E+00

-1.62E-04
-9.50E-05

Type-1

Type-2

Pile head deflection is found as decrease with increase in pile

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diameter for all ground conditions.

Effect of Pile Diameter on Pile Top Moment

1V:2H Sloping Ground
Moment(lb-in)
4.49E+04

4.16E+04

4.50E+04
4.00E+04
3.50E+04
3.00E+04
2.50E+04

1.96E+04

2.11E+04

2.27E+04

2.00E+04
1.50E+04
1.00E+04
5.00E+03
0.00E+00

Type-1

Type-2
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1V:3H Sloping Ground

Moment(lb-in)
4.26E+04

4.50E+04

3.95E+04

4.00E+04
3.50E+04
3.00E+04
2.50E+04
2.00E+04

1.86E+04

2.01E+04

2.15E+04

1.50E+04
1.00E+04
5.00E+03
0.00E+00

Type-1

Type-2
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Horizontal Ground
Moment(lb-in)
3.75E+04

4.00E+04

3.48E+04

3.50E+04
3.00E+04
2.50E+04
2.00E+04

1.64E+04

1.78E+04

1.90E+04

Type-1

1.50E+04
1.00E+04
5.00E+03
0.00E+00

Type-2

Pile top moment increase with increase in pile diameter for all ground
conditions.
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Effect of Pile Length on Pile Head Deflection

1V:2H Sloping Ground
Deflection(in)
-1.60E-03

-1.47E-03

-1.48E-03

-1.48E-03

-1.40E-03
-1.20E-03
-1.00E-03
-8.00E-04
-6.00E-04
-4.00E-04

-2.62E-04

-2.63E-04

-2.64E-04

-2.00E-04
0.00E+00

Type-1

Type-2
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1V:3H Sloping Ground

Deflection(in)
-1.40E-03

-1.27E-03

-1.27E-03

-1.27E-03

-1.20E-03
-1.00E-03
-8.00E-04
-6.00E-04
-4.00E-04

-2.26E-04

-2.26E-04

-2.27E-04

-2.00E-04
0.00E+00

Type-1

Type-2

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Horizontal Ground
Deflection(in)
-8.81E-04

-9.00E-04

-8.84E-04

-8.87E-04

-8.00E-04
-7.00E-04
-6.00E-04
-5.00E-04
-4.00E-04
-3.00E-04
-2.00E-04
-1.00E-04
0.00E+00

-1.62E-04

-1.62E-04

Type-1

-1.63E-04

Type-2

There is no significant change in pile head deflection with

increase in pile length.
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Effect of Pile Length on Pile Top Moment

1V:2H Sloping Ground
Moment(lb-in)
4.16E+04

4.50E+04

4.16E+04

4.16E+04

4.00E+04
3.50E+04
3.00E+04
2.50E+04

2.12E+04

2.11E+04

2.11E+04

2.00E+04
1.50E+04
1.00E+04
5.00E+03
0.00E+00

Type-1

Type-2
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1V:3H Sloping Ground

Moment(lb-in)
3.95E+04

3.95E+04

3.95E+04

4.00E+04
3.50E+04
3.00E+04
2.50E+04

2.01E+04

2.01E+04

2.01E+04

2.00E+04
1.50E+04
1.00E+04
5.00E+03
0.00E+00

Type-1

Type-2
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Horizontal Ground
Moment(lb-in)
3.48E+04

3.48E+04

3.48E+04

3.50E+04
3.00E+04
2.50E+04
2.00E+04

1.78E+04

1.78E+04

1.78E+04

1.50E+04
1.00E+04
5.00E+03
0.00E+00

Type-1

Type-2

There is also no considerable change in pile top moment with

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increase in pile length.

Conclusion
1. Lateral deflection and moment increase with increase in slope ratio.
When 1V:2H slope decrease to 1V:3H slope, pile head deflection
decrease to 14% and top moment decrease to 5%. When 1V:2H slope
decrease to horizontal ground, pile head deflection decrease to 40%
and top moment decrease to 16.5%.
2. The effect of pile diameter is studied and it is concluded that lateral
deflection decrease with increase in diameter of pile for same length.
This is due to the increase in surface area, pile stiffness, moment of
inertia and youngs modulus. But, pile lateral moment is decrease
because moment is directly proportional with pile stiffness in
Subgrade Reaction Approach.
3. The increase in length of pile is not significant affects on lateral
deflection and moment of pile. The increase of pile length only affects
the vertical capacity of pile depending upon the underlying soil
conditions.
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Future Plan
o Behavior of pile foundation in horizontal and sloping ground
considering seismic effect will be evaluated by the help of
PLAXIS Software.

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

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