01 GUL Interworking Principal & Solution Introduction V1.1

GUL Interworking Principal & Solution
Introduction
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
GUL Interworking Background & Challenges
GUL Idle Mode/Connected Mode/CSFB/MLB
GUL Interworking KPI Introduction
Huawei Confidential
Page 2
Typical Network Deployment Trend

Network Deployment Strategy
O operation in A Country
2015
L2300(TDD-20M)
L2300(TDD-20M)
L2600(FDD-20M)
L1800(FDD-15M)
L700(FDD-10M)
U2100(20M)
U900(4.2M)
G900(4.2M)
Different RAT used for Coverage & Capacity layer, Increases Network complexity & interworking problems
Huawei Confidential
Page 3
Typical Network Top and Structure

IRAT interworking, especially applied in the LTE early establishment stage,
while the coverage not continues and no voice barer network (IMS).
The typical network structure as follows:
The following is typical GUL network coverage : GSM with

widest coverage, UMTS and LTE with hotpot coverage,
solutions needed for UE power on, register, handover
requirement.
UMTS
LTE
LTE
UMTS
GSM
Huawei Confidential
Page 4
Operators Problems
1. Cell edge coverage not good
enough, which network to camp?
2. How to keep continuous service in
connecting status?
Which network
to camp
L2600
L1800
L2600
L1800
L800
U2100
L1800
Heavy load cell
L800
U2100
U900
G900/1800
U2100
U900
How to balance
cell load,
increase user
experience?
G900/1800
1. How to adjust idle strategies to

balance traffic load when connected.
2. How to raise efficiency of new
network(LTE e.g)?
Huawei Confidential
Complicate network situation:

Multi
mode, multi freq.
Different coverage with different freq.
New network cannot get a perfect coverage
Cell load is too heavy for hot spot or dense
area
Facing problems
Idle mode
camping
1In multi mode and multi freq. network,

which network to camp?
2How to reselect when coverage is not good?
Service
continuity
How to keep service continuity when user is in

cell edge?
Load
balance
When cell load is heavy, how to balance

between cells belonged to different freq/mode.
Traffic layer
1How to keep voice service continuous from

LTE network?
2What is the traffic layer strategy within
UMTS network?
3What is the traffic layer strategy between
GSM and UMTS?
Page 5
Huawei Confidential
Page 6
Inter-working Solution Overview(1/2)

Idle mode solution
Traffic continuity solution
Terminal optimized
Basic Solutions
CS&PS service seamless
camping & seamless
Idle mode solution
between different network
reselection between modes
LTE coverage solution
and freq.
Necessary solution for every
UMTS coverage solution
inter network camping
network
GSM coverage solution
intra network camping
Broad pipe
Load balance solution
Raise network internetwork efficiency
GSM heavy load solution
UMTS heavy load solution
LTE heavy load solution

Option Solutions
Traffic layer solution

Traffic steered to suitable
network, to get better user
experiences & capacity
GU Traffic layer solution
L->U CSFB solution
UMTS intra network Traffic
layer solution
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Load balance solution

Traffic layer solution
To choose based on terminal
penetration, network load,

operator requirement.
Page 7
Inter-working Solution Overview(2/2)

Base on the SW version and UE ability, 3 stages suggested as follows :
Idle mode mobility
LTE/EPC
PS service mobility
UMTS
Voice service mobility
VoIP through IMS is agreed as target voice solution of LTE
CSFB is migration solution before VoIP over LTE is available (IMS deployment and
terminal supporting VoIP/SRVCC are available) and CSFB would co-exist with
Cell Reselection
Step1
Blind
Redirection
+ Measurement
Step 2
+ PSHO
CSFB over Blind

Redirection
VoIP when VoIP is deployed.
SRVCC supports the LTE VoIP handover to UMTS CS Voice when out of LTE
Step1
Step2
coverage
If VoIP is implemented over HSPA, only PS handover for LTE to UMTS voice
continuity
Huawei Confidential
Page 8
Step3
GU Version Required & UE recommended for Probe Test

System
Target RAN ability
Required Version
Suggested
Version
GSM to LTE reselection
GBSS12.0
GBSS14.0
LTE to GSM PSHO
GBSS12.0
GBSS14.0
LTE to GSM CCO/NACC
GBSS12.0
GBSS14.0
LTE to GSM SRVCC
GBSS12.0
GBSS14.0
UMTS to LTE reselection
RAN 12
RAN 14
LTE to UMTS PSHO
RAN 13
RAN 14
LTE to UMTS SRVCC
RAN 15
RAN 15
GSM
UMTS
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Recommended UE for
Probe Test
Samsung S5G620sL01/L02/L03
Page 9
1.Idle Mode Reselection
Huawei Confidential
Page 10
Idle Mode Camping Solution (1/2)

Camping
1. Cell edge coverage not good
enough, which network to
camp?
2. How to keep continuous
service in connecting status?
Which
network to
camp
L2600
L1800
U2100
Multi-mode
camping strategies
LTE camping prior, if no LTE

or bad LTE coverage,
reselect to UMTS;
If no UMTS or weak UMTS
coverage, reselect to GSM.
GU dual-mode
Camping strategies
UMTS prior camping, If no

UMTS or weak UMTS
coverage, reselect to GSM.
L2600
L1800
L800
solution
L1800
L800
U2100
U900
G900/1800
U2100
U900
G900/1800
Heavy load
cell
How to balance
cell load,
increase user
experience?
Single mode Camping

strategies
1. How to adjust idle strategies

to balance traffic load when
connected.
2. How to raise efficiency of
new network
LTE intra system camping

UMTS intra system camping
GSM intra system camping
Huawei Confidential
Page 11
Idle Mode Camping Solution (2/2)

High
Single mode Camping

strategies
L2600
L1800
L1800
Priority1
L800
U2100
U2100
U900
Priority3
10
U900
2
G900/1800
The same frequency with the same priority
Scenario 2: traffic layer in UMTS network

Recommend to camp in R99 carrier.
G900/1800
Coverage
Mode priority
Scenario 1: without traffic layer

The UE preferentially camp on the carrier with
contiguous coverage.
If all carriers coverage are contiguous, the UE
randomly camp on any cell.
Both U900 and U2100 are contiguous coverage,
choose U2100 for camping or random camping
U2100
High frequency with high priority for camping
UMTS camping strategies
L800
Priority2
Priority3
Priority2
L1800
Priority1
L2600
High
LTE camping strategies
Frequency priority
Cell reselection
GSM camping strategies

The same frequency with the same priority
High frequency TRX with high priority
Priority tip: Different system priority cannot be same.
Huawei Confidential
Page 12
Inter-working Key Features

No.
ID
Feature
Release
1
1
GBFD-114301
GSM/WCDMA Interoperability
2
2
GBFD-511301
Cell Reselection Between GSM and LTE GBSS12.0
GL cell reselection based on neighbor level and mode priority.
3
3
WRFD-010401
RAN 2.0
Support handover between different frequency.
4
4
WRFD-020303
System Information Broadcasting

Inter-RAT Handover Based on
Coverage
RAN2.0
Handover Based on Coverage
5
5
WRFD-020126
Mobility Between UMTS and LTE Phase

RAN12.0
1
Cell selection and reselection between UMTS and LTE ;

LTE to UMTS PS handover
6
6
LBFD-00201803
Cell Selection and Re-selection
eRAN1.0
LTE intra system Cell selection and reselection
7
7
LOFD-001019
PS Inter-RAT Mobility between EUTRAN and UTRAN
eRAN1.0
L2U Cell selection and reselection Based on Coverage
8
8
LOFD-001020
9
9
10
10
LBFD-00201802
WRFD-020302
GBSS6.0
Description
PS Inter-RAT Mobility between EeRAN1.0

UTRAN and GERAN
Coverage Based Inter-frequency
eRAN2.0
Handover
Inter Frequency Hard Handover Based
RAN2.0
on Coverage
U2G reselection or handover; G2U reselection or handover
L2G Cell selection and reselection Based on Coverage

LTE intra system Cell selection and reselection Based on Coverage
UMTS intra system Cell selection and reselection Based on Coverage
*The features above comply with the protocols, can interconnect with networks by other
vendors.
So as the features below, except features with special remarks.
Huawei Confidential
Page 13
Cell Reselection Principle for absolute priority

MeasureSrxlev<=SnonIntraSearchP or Squal<=SnonIntraSearchQ
SservingCell is worse than Thresh_serving.low &
SNonservingCell is better than Thresh_x.low

Cell Reselection
High Prio.
eNodeB
SNonservingCell is better than Thresh_x.high
Low Prio.
eNodeB/BTS
LTE
SIB
(High)
UMTS
SIB
(Medium)
GSM (Low)
Cell Reselection From High -> Low
Suggested RAT Priority:

LTE(High)
UMTS(Medium)
GSM(Low)
Cell Reselection From Low > High
Huawei Confidential
SIB
Page 14
Camping - Cell Reselection between LTE and GSM/UMTS

Cell Reselection from LTE to GSM/UMTS
network
only when UE is out of LTE coverage area
Threshold and Measurement

Threshold
Threshx,high:
threshold of reselecting to High Priority Cell
Threshx,low:
threshold of reselecting to Low Priority Cell
Measurement parameter
SServingCell: Signal quality of serving cell
SNonServingCell:
LTE
Signal quality of target reselection cell
GSM/UMTS
Cell Reselection Strategy

LTE->GSM/UMTS (High to Low)
SServingCell <Threshserving,low & SNonServingCell >Threshx,low

Length of camping on serving cell > 1 sec
Cell Reselection from GSM/UMTS to LTE

network when UE enters the LTE coverage area
GSM/UMTS->LTE (Low to High)

SNonServingCell > Threshx,high
Length of camping on serving cell > 1 sec
Huawei Confidential
Page 15
Camping - Cell Reselection between GSM and UMTS

Threshold and Measurement
Cell Reselection from UMTS to GSM network
only when UE is out of UMTS coverage area
Threshold
FDDQOFFthe
differ between UMTS candidate cell signal and GSM

target cell signal
FDDQMINEc/No UTRAN FDD cell reselection minimum threshold
FDD RSCP threshold
FDDRSCPMINUMTS cell reselection minimum threshold
Measurement parameter
RLA_C:
UMTS
GSM
GSM service cell average receive level

CPICH RSCPUMTS neighbor cell RSCP measurement value
CPICH Ec/NoUMTS neighbor cell Ec/No measurement value
Cell Reselection Strategy
Cell Reselection from GSM to UMTS network

when UE enters the UMTS coverage area
UMTS->GSM
Squal SsearchRATm
Rn > Rs
GSM->UMTS
CPICH RSCP>RLA_C+FDDQOFF
CPICH Ec/NoFDDQMIN - FDDQMINOFFSET
CPICH RSCPFDD RSCP threshold
Huawei Confidential
Page 16
LTE Reselection to GU Signaling

LTE Side
UMTS Side
2G
GSM Side
3G
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Page 17
2.Connected Mode-Redirection/PS HO
Huawei Confidential
Page 18

How
to keep continuous service in connecting status, especially at the edge of different mode network?
9
L1800
L2600
L2600
L1800
L800
Three scenarios:
L1800
LTE bad Coverage
L800
7
U2100
Choose coverage based

handover to other system.
Adjacent cell priority: inter
freq. >UMTS>GSM
U2100
First handover to inter freq.

If no proper cell, then
handover or steer to GSM
UMTS bad Coverage
U2100
10
U900
U900
4
G900/1800
Coverage
LTE handover based on

coverage
L2U PS handover based on
coverage
UMTS PS handover based on
coverage
First handover to inter freq.

If no proper cell, then
handover or steer to UMTS.
GSM bad Coverage
G900/1800
L2G PS handover based on

coverage
U2G handover based on
coverage
In U900 discontinuously covered network, it is recommended to handover

to U2100 based on coverage.
In U900 continuously covered network, it is NOT recommended to

handover to U2100 based on coverage.
Huawei Confidential
Page 19
Data Service Mobility Solution
LTE
Coverage
Data service handover (LTE->GSM/UMTS):

1. Ongoing data service is beared by LTE
2. UE handovers to GSM/UMTS
3. PS service will be on G/U PS domain
GSM/UMTS
Coverage
Data service handover (GSM/UMTS->LTE):
1. Ongoing data service is beared by G/U

2. UE moves into LTE coverage area, two options for data continuity:
i. Service handover to LTE directly
ii. Service provided by G/U, after service ends, UE camp on LTE by
cell reselection
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Support cell reselection between eUTRAN &

GERAN/UTRAN
LTE to GSM/UMTS Redirection/PS handover
based on coverage in initial phase
Guarantee users data service quality when
handover occurs
Keep network performance stable and
service continuity
Page 20
Inter RAT Handover Strategy based on different Scenarios

Coverage
Moves to neighbor LTE cell Moves out of LTE coverage
LTE
UMTS
Overload, offload to
neighbor LTE cell
Load
LTE
UMTS
Intra-LTE
Intra-LTE
Based on the radio link quality (LTE: RSRP/RSRQ)

UL Quality
Inter-RAT
Based on the RB utilization (cell load)

Service
LTE
Overload, offload to
neighbor G/U cells
Inter-RAT
UMTS
LTE
UMTS
Based on the service
Based on UL Quality
Coverage based is recommended by default at initial stage
Distance
Load based is useful when LTE traffic significantly increased

Service based is for better utilization of each radio
technologies
Based on the distance bet. eNodeB & UE

Huawei Confidential
Page 21
LTE To UMTS/GSM Handover Based On Coverage

Description:
When the LTE signal quality is poor and the UMTS or GSM signal
quality is good, UE with active PS service can be handover or
redirection to the UMTS or GSM network based on UE capability, to
ensure the continuity of PS services and avoid service drops.
Compared with PS redirection, PS handover shortens the service
interruption duration, improving user experience.
LTE
LTE
Coverage
Coverage
L2U/G PS HO based on coverage
UMTS/GSM Coverage
Benefits:
Improves end users PS service experience when UE is moving out of
LTE coverage
Dependency:
Redirection: UE should support 3GPP R8 & UL or GL dual mode.
PS Handover: The UE should support 3GPP R8, L2U PS handovers & LTE
measurements. UMTS or GSM CN and LTE CN should support LTE to
UMTS or GSM PS handover
Difference between B1 & B2: B2 event requires the serving cell RSRP <
A2Thresh(ERAN 8.0 support setting separately )
Huawei Confidential
Page 22
Coverage-Based PS Handover/Redirection from UMTS to LTE

Description:
When the UMTS signal quality is poor and the LTE signal
quality is good, UE with active PS service can be handover
or redirection to the LTE network based on UE capability,
to ensure the continuity of PS services and avoid service
drops.
Compared with PS redirection, PS handover shortens the
service interruption duration, improving user experience.
LTE
PS Service
Handover/Redirection
UMTS
Benefits:
Improves end users PS service experience when UE is
moving out of UMTS coverage
Dependency:
Redirection: UE should support 3GPP R8 & UMTS/LTE dual
mode.
PS Handover: The UE should support 3GPP R8, UMTS-toLTE PS handovers & LTE measurements. UMTS/LTE CN
should support UMTS to LTE PS handover
Event Trigger:
QUsed <= TUsed - H3a/2 & MOtherRAT >= TOtherRAT + H3a/2
Periodic report:
MOtherRAT TOtherRAT + HystforPeriodLTE/2
*The feature comply with the protocols, can interconnect with networks by other
vendors.
It is recommended the whole network use Huawei products to avoid Ping-pong effect.
Huawei Confidential
Page 23
RIM Based UMTS Target Cell Selection for LTE

Description:
UMTS cell load information are transferred to LTE by
RIM procedure
LTE Cell
(1)
UMTS Cell1
In the L->U CSFB or L->U PS handover based on load,

when choosing UMTS target cells, congestion cells
(2)
UMTS Cell2
have the lowest priority
Benefits:
Increases the success rate of redirection & handover
Target UMTS cell congestion

may cause access failure
from LTE to UMTS, reduces inter-RAT ping-pong
LTE Cell
handover.
Dependency:
(1)
UE should support flash CSFB in 3GPP R9

CN should support RIM procedure defined in 3GPP
Release 9.
Congestion
Select a
suitable cell
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Congestion
UMTS Cell1
UMTS Cell2
Page 24
Inter-RAT Handover Trigger Phases

Coverage based:
Event A2 : Serving cell signal
quality lower than Specified
threshold
Load based:
MLB algorithm
Service based:
UE service type.
InterRatHoState to set
MUST_HO, NO_HO, &
PERMIT_HO.
UL Quality based:
UL signal quality
Distance based:
distance between eNodeB &
UE
GAP-Assisted Measurement
LTE: RSRP/ RSRQ
Event Triggered Periodical
GSM: RSSI
Reporting A4/B1
UMTS: RSCP/ECNO
A4: Inter-frequency
Apply for Resource (Admission)

Signalling Procedure Execution
Retry Mechanism If Admission
or Handover Fail
Update Parameters to UE
B1: Inter-RAT
Note:
Coverage, Load, Service, UL-quality & Distance based inter-RAT hand
over uses same procedure except for Measurement triggering phase.
Huawei Confidential
Page 25
Basic Concept- Redirection

Trigger Redirection reason: Coverage, MLB, off load, uplink power
Redirection is performed as RRC release with redirection

indicator, making UE choose and access target cell( Realized
Redirection flow similar as reselection, but the target cell frequency,
by inter RAT measurement, or blind HO cell configured ).

Redirection is controlled by RAN system, and Core Network not
system information included in RRC release message. (Based on

R9)
involved.
UE
restrict, S1 interface down, CSFB.
eNB
RNC
MME
SGSN
S/P-GW
1. Measurement Report
2.Handover decision
3. RRC CONNECTION
RELEASE
4. UE reselect the target UTRAN cell and launch RAU procedure
Huawei Confidential
Page 26
Basic Concept- PS Handover

MS
Source eNodeB
Target
RNC
Old MME
Serving
GW
New Gn/Gp
SGSN
P-GW
1. Decision to perform
handover to UTRAN
2. Handover Required
3. Forward Relocation Request
4. Relocation Request
Establishment of Radio Access Bearers
4. Relocation Request Acknowledge
5. Forward Relocation Response
6. Create Indirect Data Forwarding Tunnel Request
7. Create Indirect Data Forwarding Tunnel Response
8. Handover Command
9. Forwarding of data
PS Handover is with
measurement , need
neighbor relation
10. HO from E-UTRAN Command
configured, making PS
service continuity.
MS detected by target RNC

12. Relocation Detect
13. RRC message
14. Relocation Complete
15. Forward Relocation Complete
15. Forward Relocation Complete Acknowledge
16. Update PDP Context Request
16. Update PDP Context Response
17. Routeing Area Update
C2
C3
18. Delete Session Request

18b. Release Resources
18a. Delete Session Response
Huawei Confidential
Page 27
Basic Concept- PS Handover VS Redirection

PS Handover
Redirection
RAN
Need all equipment software support PS handover

(LTE eRAN , UMTS/GSM RAN, Core
Network) ,usually need software upgrade
No need UMTS/GSM support and upgrade, but

after redirection to GU, Core network should
support IP context transfer , RAU procedure, and
Authentication
UE
Most of UE cannot support GUL PS handover,

some UE support L->U PS handover. Currently no
commercial UE support GUL PS handover.
Most of UE support GUL redirection
User
Experien
ce
User- plane latency less than Redirection and Cell

Change Order, especially for voice service
User- plane latency worse, but acceptable for PS

service on user experience , and optimized in R9
with RIM.
Huawei Confidential
Page 28
Case: Performance for Service Continuity Solution

K Country V Operator)
Huawei Confidential
Page 29
3.Voice Solution-CSFB
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Page 30
LTE Voice Solution Options
Voice & Data

on LTE
IMS/SR-VCC: Voice over IMS over LTE;

handover & roaming to 2G/3G is
supported
IMS only*, E2012

IMS-SRVCC, 2013
OTT Mode: To rely on OTT

applications for voice service offering
Not standardized
Project specific
LTE Voice
Solution
Data on LTE
Voice on 2G/3G
CS Fallback: UE is attached on LTE,

and fallback to 2G/3G for voice calls
(MTC and MOC)
SVLTE (Dual Standby): Dual
simultaneously radio access running
on the same UE allowing data on LTE
and voice on 2G/3G CS in parallel
Huawei Confidential
Page 31
LG Optimus, Samsung
Galaxy SII HD, SK Telecom
South Korea since 10-2011
Samsung Craft LTE smartphone, USA MetroPCS,

Verizon since Q4-2010
Network Strategies for Delivering Voice to LTE Subscribers

LTE PS Data
VoIP
2G/3G PS Data
CS Voice
2
EPC Core
EPC Core
LTE Access
LTE Access
1a
Initial: Data Only
2G/3G
PS Core
2G/3G
CS Core
EPC Core
2G/3G Access
LTE Access
1b
CSFB Voice
Intermediate Solution: Voice CS Fall Back
2G/3G
PS Core
2G/3G
CS Core
2G/3G Access
OUT of LTE
Target Solution: VoIP + SRVCC
Option 1a: To start using CSFB voice solution as an intermediate step

Option 1b: To migrate to IMS/SRVCC as the target solution when it is available and mature
Option 2: To straight forward move to IMS/SRVCC (SRVCC supports the LTE+IMS VoIP handover to 2G/3G CS voice when out of
LTE coverage)
Huawei Confidential
Page 32
CS Fallback (CSFB) Introduction

Scenario:
Internet
CSFB Principles:
PS data
PS data
LTE Core
LTE initial phase for data services, IMS is not deployed
GSM/UMTS
PS Core
Handover to G/U voice service in the overlay coverage area

between LTE and G/U
GSM/UMTS
CS Core
If CSFB voice service is triggered, there are 2 options for the
pre-existing LTE data services:
Data services are hand-over to GSM/UMTS networks (DTM

supported by G/U network)
LTE Access
(e.g. DTM not supported)
2G/3G Access
Voice fall back to GU
No addition Core equipment, Reuse traditional GU Core

network
Voice
SMS services do not need to fall back GSM/UMTS
Dependency:
PS data
Data services are suspended in LTE until voice call is released
Multimode G/U/L Terminals to support CSFB
Huawei Confidential
Page 33
CS Fallback: Performance and E2E Impact (UTRAN)

Call Setup
Latency
4.4 ~ 5.04s
Conclusion:
5.62 ~ 6.26s
6.58 ~ 7.22s
Success Rate
Both PS handover and R9 Redirection w/ SIB (Flash
CSFB) are better realization mechanism for CSFB to

UTRAN considering latency and impact for UTRAN
Impact on LTE
and UE.
3GPP Rel9 Terminal is needed to support R9
Redirection w/ SIB.
Impact on
UTRAN
New Signaling
R8 Redirection
PS Handover
CSFB with PS HO requires UMTS PS/CS software

upgrade to support PS HO function
Terminal
Requirement
R9 Redirection w/ SIB
Huawei Confidential
Page 34
CS Fallback: Performance and E2E Impact (GERAN)

Call Setup
Latency
5.4 ~ 8.04s
6.8 ~ 9.44s
8.8 ~ 11.44s
Success Rate
Conclusion:
R9 Redirection w/ SIB (Flash CSFB) is a better
realization mechanism for CSFB to GERAN
Impact on LTE
considering small change to legacy network and

good success rate.
3GPP Rel9 Terminal is needed to support R9
Redirection w/ SIB
Impact on
GERAN
New Signaling
R8 Redirection
PS Handover
Current Device chipsets do not support LTE to GERAN

PS handover
Terminal
Requirement
R9 Redirection w/ SIB
Huawei Confidential
Page 35
Flash CSFB to UTRAN/GERAN (R9 PS Redirection with SIBs)

Principle:
2. RIM :
RAN Information
Mgt Exchange
EPC Core
5. 2G/3G RAN Information
MME
BSC/RNC
3. BSC/RNC processes RIM

1. RAN information
request
4. 2G/3G RAN
Information
3. RAN
Information RQ
SGSN
1. eNB request system information from BSC/RNC

2. Request is sent toward core network
6. MME Direct
Information Transfer
GSM/UMTS Core
4. BSC/RNC replies with updated system information

5. Core Network does not handle the message and
directly forwards it to eUTRAN

6. eNodeB does not translate the message from BSC/RNC
and directly sends it to UE
7. Frequency and target

cell system information
2G/3G Access
LTE Access
Flash CSFB:
7. eNodeB extracts the target frequency and related
neighboring cell information

Dependency:
procedure
Saving 1-1.5s for UMTS compare with R8 CSFB

Saving 2s for GSM compare with R8 CSFB
Both GSM/UMTS and LTE core network support R9 RIM
Terminal support R9 redirection with SIB
*The feature comply with the protocols, can interconnect with networks by other
vendors.
The network need support RIM protocol.
Huawei Confidential
Page 36
RIM Based CS Fallback

MME
MSC/
SGSN
2.resource allocation
Core Network
The MSC server and MME need to support

the SGs interface.
MSCs need to support Rel.8
MME and SGSN need to support RIM due
to flash CSFB.
MSC
4. Initiate CS
service
1. Voice
service
request
SGSN
BSC/
RNC
LTE
MME
3. Fallback to GSM/UMTS with

PS handover, PS redirection
or flash CSFB
eNodeB/
UTRAN/GERAN
G/U
Terminal
Deployment requirement:
GUL networks support CSFB function.

Data preparation: neighbor cell, frequency, CSFB
way, etc.
For incumbent vendors, it is easy to deploy
without complex IOT.
Huawei Confidential
Blind/With measurement:
Recommended to use blind when LTE
share same site with G/U. (0.3s saving on
call setup time)
PS HO/Redirection
RIM procedure
L to G with PS HO: None terminal support

L to U with PS HO: main stream terminal
L to G/U with Redirection: main stream
terminal
Page 37
GSM/UMTS Fast Return to LTE

8s after UE idle
Camp in LTE
Camp in LTE
Without
Fast Return
CS call on UMTS
LTE
Fast Return
Channel release with
LTE frequencies
CSFB
500ms after CS call

Camp in LTE
With
Fast Return
Camp in LTE
CS call on UMTS
GSM/UMTS
When a Multimode UE terminates a call in

GSM/UMTS network, the frequency
information of LTE cell is sent in RRC
Connection Release message in order to
instruct the UE to camp on the LTE cell
instead of cell re-selection to LTE
U->L Fast Return by

PS redirection
UMTS Fast Return to LTE

Cell reselection time from GSM to LTE in idle mode reduced to
480ms
GSM Fast Return to LTE

Search Cycle and

Cell Re-selection
Huawei Confidential
Page 38
Basic Concept- CSFB flow

CSFB to UMTS Based on Redirection
CSFB to UMTS Based on PS Handover
Huawei Confidential
Page 39
Case: Performance for LTE Voice Solution

P3 test latency and success rate reach NO.1
CSFB of Operator X in Europe

Priority in
idle state
L1800
First to camp
L1800
L1800
1. Measured CSFB to U
2. Blind CSFB to G if no U coverage
Fast return
after CS call
Second to camp
Third to camp
U2100
U2100
U2100
U2100
U2100
U2100
U2100
U2100
U2100
G900/1800
G900/1800
CSFB Success rate(P3 DT): +99.6%

CSFB M2M delay(P3 DT): 6.0~6.5s
Compared to other vendors in the same city: NO.1
Huawei Confidential
Page 40
4.IRAT MLB
Huawei Confidential
Page 41
Load Balance Solution
Avoid cell overload, get the highest efficiency of resource utility.
Raise user experiences through balancing between different mode or frequency cells
L2600
First to balance inter-
L2600
11
L1800
L800
frequency, then balance to
LTE High Load

L1800
UMTS or GSM
L800
First to balance interU2100 F2
U2100 F2
14
15
12
U2100 F1
U2100 F1
UMTS High Load

13
LTE or GSM
U2100 F1
16
U900
U900
First to balance inter-
U900
GSM High Load
UMTS or LTE
G900/1800
G900/1800
Huawei Confidential
Page 42
Inter-working Key Features

No.
ID
Feature
Release
11
LOFD-001032
Intra-LTE Load Balancing
eRAN2.0
12
LOFD-001044
Inter-RAT Load Sharing to UTRAN
eRAN2.0
13
LOFD-001045
Inter-RAT Load Sharing to GERAN
eRAN2.0
WRFD-020120
Service Steering and Load Sharing in RRC Connection

RAN11.0
Setup
WRFD-02040004
Traffic Steering and Load Sharing During RAB Setup
RAN10.0
WRFD-020103
Inter Frequency Load Balance
RAN3.0
WRFD-150217
Load Based PS Handover from UMTS to LTE
RAN15.0
WRFD-020120
Service Steering and Load Sharing in RRC Connection

RAN11.0
Setup
WRFD-020306
Inter-RAT Handover Based on Load
RAN3.0
WRFD-020310
3G/2G Common Load Management
RAN10.0
WRFD-070004*
Load Based GSM and UMTS Handover Enhancement

Based on Iur-g
RAN11.1
WRFD-070006*
GSM and UMTS Load Balancing Based on Iur-g
RAN12.0
14
15
16
* These two features use Huawei private protocol.
Huawei Confidential
Page 43
Inter-RAT Load Balance Between LTE and UMTS

eNodeB
MME
load measurement and evaluation
eNodeB
Cell load
Info.
RIM includes cell load status

(overload, congestion, normal).
MME
SGSN
RNC
SGSN
balance Load and reduce call drop & handover failure rate
Load
GU RAN
NodeB
RIM includes GU cell load status

(overload, congestion, normal).
Perform Inter-RAT MLB
Interoperation: eNodeB and GU RAN Criteria vary based

on different vendors policy
LTE
Threshold
LTE
UMTS
OSS introduced to coordinate eNodeB and
UMTS
GBSS&UMTS and further improve GUL

network performance
Before
After
15% UL Network Throughput Increase

Huawei Confidential
Page 44
Load-Based PS Handover/Redirection from UMTS to LTE

Description:
In some scenarios, such as after a CSFB call or moving at the edge of LTE
coverage, although LTE coverage is available, UE still use UMTS to do PS
service.
In case of UMTS load is high, those UEs can be pushed back to LTE cells
by PS handover or redirection based on the UEs capability.
Trigger :
service cell Load_Value > Thresh_Load
Neighbor cell Qual_N>Thresh_Qual, and neighbor load <Thresh_Load.
(In which the neighbor load can be get through private interface or RIM
flow.)
LTE
Serving
Cell
UMTS
LDR triggered
Benefits:
Reduces the possibility of UMTS congestion by allowing more UEs in the
UMTS to handover/redirection to LTE.
Improves the LTE network resource utilization at the early stage of LTE
network deployment.
LTE
Handover/Redirection
triggered
Dependency:
Redirection: UE should support 3GPP R8 & UMTS/LTE dual mode.
PS Handover: The UE should support 3GPP R8, UMTS-to-LTE PS
handovers & LTE measurements. UMTS/LTE CN should support UMTS to
LTE PS handover
Target
Cell
Huawei Confidential
UMTS
Page 45
CasePerformance for Load Balance Solution(K Country V Operator)

L2U MLB of Operator X in middle east Asia
BackgroundThe LTE network is high load as half ratio UE
type is dongle and the UE DL throughput is lower in the peak
time. The UMTS network load is not very high and. The load
can be balanced between UMTS and LTE network.
LTE1800
L2U coverage based PS HO
LTE1800
L2U Mobility Load Balance

F3
UMTS2100
UMTS Intra band HO
UMTS2100
UMTS Inter band LDR

F2
UMTS2100
UMTS2100
UMTS2100
F1
UMTS2100
UMTS2100
UMTS2100
UMTS Coverage based HO
On IRAT HO
The L2U Handover success rate is above 99% after on

IRAT HO
Huawei Confidential
Page 46
Huawei Confidential
Page 47
KPI-IRAT PS HO
PS HO Statistic
Counter ID
Counter Name
Counter Description
1526726986
1526726987
1526726988
L.IRATHO.E2C.PrepAttOut
L.IRATHO.E2C.ExecAttOut
L.IRATHO.E2C.ExecSuccOut
Number of Outgoing Handover Attempts from E-UTRAN to CDMA2000

Number of Performed Outgoing Handovers from E-UTRAN to CDMA2000
Number of Successful Outgoing Handovers from E-UTRAN to CDMA2000
1526726989
1526726990
1526726991
1526726992
1526726993
1526726994
1526727226
1526727227
1526727228
L.IRATHO.E2W.PrepAttOut
L.IRATHO.E2W.ExecAttOut
L.IRATHO.E2W.ExecSuccOut
L.IRATHO.E2G.PrepAttOut
L.IRATHO.E2G.ExecAttOut
L.IRATHO.E2G.ExecSuccOut
L.IRATHO.E2T.PrepAttOut
L.IRATHO.E2T.ExecAttOut
L.IRATHO.E2T.ExecSuccOut
Number of Outgoing Handover Attempts from E-UTRAN to UTRAN

Number of Performed Outgoing Handovers from E-UTRAN to UTRAN
Number of Successful Outgoing Handovers from E-UTRAN to UTRAN
Number of Outgoing Handover Attempts from E-UTRAN to GERAN
Number of Performed Outgoing Handovers from E-UTRAN to GERAN
Number of Successful Outgoing Handovers from E-UTRAN to GERAN
Number of Outgoing Handover Attempts from E-UTRAN to TD-SCDMA
Number of Performed Outgoing Handovers from E-UTRAN to TD-SCDMA
Number of Successful Outgoing Handovers from E-UTRAN to TD-SCDMA
KPI
Formula
LTE->WCDMA
LTE->GSM
LTE->CDMA2000
L2W Handover Success Rate exec

L2G Handover Success Rate exec
L2C Handover Success Rate exec
[L.IRATHO.E2W.ExecSuccOut]/[L.IRATHO.E2W.ExecAttOut]*{100}
[L.IRATHO.E2G.ExecSuccOut]/[L.IRATHO.E2G.ExecAttOut]*{100}
[L.IRATHO.E2C.ExecSuccOut]/[L.IRATHO.E2C.ExecAttOut]*{100}
LTE->TD-SCDMA
L2T Handover Success Rate exec
[L.IRATHO.E2T.ExecSuccOut]/[L.IRATHO.E2T.ExecAttOut]*{100}
Huawei Confidential
Page 48
KPI-IRAT PS HO failures
IRAT counters for PS HO different failure reasons
Counter ID
Counter Name
1526728306
L.IRATHO.E2G.Prep.FailOut.MME
1526728307
L.IRATHO.E2G.Prep.FailOut.NoReply
1526728308
L.IRATHO.E2G.Prep.FailOut.PrepFailure
1526728309
L.IRATHO.E2T.Prep.FailOut.MME
1526728310
L.IRATHO.E2T.Prep.FailOut.NoReply
1526728311
L.IRATHO.E2T.Prep.FailOut.PrepFailure
1526728316
L.IRATHO.E2W.Prep.FailOut.MME
1526728317
L.IRATHO.E2W.Prep.FailOut.PrepFailure
1526728318
L.IRATHO.E2C.Prep.FailOut.NoReply
Counter Description
Number of handover prepare failure from LTE to GERAN for MME reason
Number of handover prepare failure from LTE to GERAN for no reply with GERAN
Number of handover prepare failure from LTE to GERAN for prepare failure indication from
GERAN
Number of handover prepare failure from LTE to TD-SCDMA for MME reason
Number of handover prepare failure from LTE to TD-SCDMA for no reply with TD-SCDMA
Number of handover prepare failure from LTE to TD-SCDMA for prepare failure indication from
TD-SCDMA
Number of handover prepare failure from LTE to WCDMA for MME reason
Number of handover prepare failure from LTE to WCDMA for prepare failure indication from
WCDMA
Number of handover prepare failure from LTE to WCDMA for no reply with WCDMA
Huawei Confidential
Page 49
KPI-IRAT redirection & CSFB counters

Redirection Counters
Counter ID
Counter Name
Counter Description
1526728326
L.RRCRedirection.E2W
Number of Redirction to WCDMA
1526728327
L.RRCRedirection.E2G
Number of Redirction to GERAN
1526728330
L.RRCRedirection.E2W.PrepAtt
Number of attempt Redirction to WCDMA
1526728331
L.RRCRedirection.E2G.PrepAtt
Number of attempt Redirection to GERAN
CSFB Counters
Counter ID
Counter Name
Counter Description
1526728321
L.CSFB.PrepAtt
Number of CS fallback indicators received by the eNodeB
1526728323
L.CSFB.E2W
Number of CS fallback procedures to UTRAN
1526728324
L.CSFB.E2G
Number of CS fallback procedures to GERAN
1526728322
L.CSFB.PrepSucc
Number of successful CS fallback responses from the eNodeB
Huawei Confidential
Page 50
KPI-MLB Performance 1/2

Level
Counter name
Counter Description
Cell
L.RRCRel.DedicatePri.UMTS.High
Dedicated Priority (UMTS highest) RRC Release Time
Cell
L.IRATHO.E2W.PrepAttOut
Number of Inter-RAT Handover Attempts from E-UTRAN to WCDMA Network
Cell
L.IRATHO.E2W.ExecAttOut
Number of inter-RAT handover executions from E-UTRAN to WCDMA network
Cell
L.IRATHO.E2W.ExecSuccOut
Number of inter-RAT handover success from E-UTRAN to WCDMA network
Cell
L.Thrp.Time.DL
Transmit duration of downlink PDCP SDUs
Cell
L.ChMeas.PRB.DL.Used.Avg
Average number of used PDSCH PRBs
Cell
L.Thrp.bits.DL
Total downlink traffic volume for PDCP SDUs
Cell
L.HHO.IntereNB.InterFreq.PrepAttOut
Number of inter-eNodeB inter-frequency outgoing handover attempts
Cell
L.HHO.IntereNB.InterFreq.ExecAttOut
Number of inter-eNodeB inter-frequency outgoing handover executions
Cell
L.HHO.IntereNB.InterFreq.ExecSuccOut
Number of inter-eNodeB inter-frequency outgoing handover success
Huawei Confidential
Page 51
KPI-MLB Performance 1/2

Level
Counter name
Counter Description
Cell
L.HHO.InterFreq.UeNumLoad.PrepAttOut
Number of user-number-load-based inter-frequency handover preparation

attempts
Cell
L.HHO.InterFreq.UeNumLoad.ExecAttOut
Number of user-number-load-based inter-frequency handover executions
Cell
L.HHO.InterFreq.UeNumLoad.ExecSuccOut
Number of successful user-number-load-based inter-frequency handover

executions
Cell
L.Traffic.User.Ulsync.Avg
Average number of UL synchronized users in a cell
Cell
L.Thrp.bits.DL
Total downlink traffic volume for PDCP SDUs
Cell
L.Thrp.Time.DL
Transmit duration of downlink PDCP SDUs
Cell
L.InterFreq.UeNumLoad.Dur.Cell
Total duration of inter frequency user high load status
Cell
L.IRATHO.E2W.Load.PrepAttOut
Number of Handover Preparation Attempts from E-UTRAN to WCDMA Network

Triggered Because of High Load
Cell
L.IRATHO.E2W.Load.ExecAttOut
Cell
L.IRATHO.E2W.Load.ExecSuccOut
Number of inter-RAT handover execution attempts from E-UTRAN to WCDMA network

triggered because of high load
Number of successful inter-RAT handover executions from E-UTRAN to WCDMA
network triggered because of high load
Cell
L.RRCRedirection.E2W.Load
Cell
L.RRCRel.DedicatedPri.WCDMA.High
Number of redirections from E-UTRAN to WCDMA network triggered because of high

load
Number of times that the WCDMA network is configured as the highest frequency
priority in an IMMCI IE
Huawei Confidential
Page 52
DT KPI
Recorded and analyzed by Probe/Assistant
Huawei Confidential
Page 53
Thank you
www.huawei.com
Copyright2009 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved.
The information contained in this document is for reference purpose only, and is subject to
change or withdrawal according to specific customer requirements and conditions.

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01 GUL Interworking Principal &amp; Solution Introduction V1.1

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GUL Interworking Principal & Solution

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

GUL Interworking Background & Challenges

GUL Idle Mode/Connected Mode/CSFB/MLB

GUL Interworking KPI Introduction

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Typical Network Deployment Trend

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Typical Network Top and Structure

The following is typical GUL network coverage : GSM with

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Heavy load cell

1. How to adjust idle strategies to

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Complicate network situation:

mode, multi freq.

Different coverage with different freq.

New network cannot get a perfect coverage

Cell load is too heavy for hot spot or dense

1In multi mode and multi freq. network,

How to keep service continuity when user is in

When cell load is heavy, how to balance

1How to keep voice service continuous from

GUL Interworking Background & Challenges

GUL Idle Mode/Connected Mode/CSFB/MLB

GUL Interworking KPI Introduction

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Inter-working Solution Overview(1/2)

Traffic continuity solution

CS&PS service seamless

camping & seamless

Idle mode solution

between different network

reselection between modes

Traffic continuity solution

LTE coverage solution

Necessary solution for every

UMTS coverage solution

inter network camping

GSM coverage solution

intra network camping

LTE heavy load solution

Traffic layer solution

Load balance solution

penetration, network load,

Inter-working Solution Overview(2/2)

Idle mode mobility

Voice service mobility

VoIP through IMS is agreed as target voice solution of LTE

CSFB over Blind

VoIP when VoIP is deployed.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

GU Version Required & UE recommended for Probe Test

Target RAN ability

GSM to LTE reselection

LTE to GSM PSHO

LTE to GSM CCO/NACC

LTE to GSM SRVCC

UMTS to LTE reselection

LTE to UMTS PSHO

LTE to UMTS SRVCC

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

1.Idle Mode Reselection

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01 GUL Interworking Principal & Solution Introduction V1.1

01 GUL Interworking Principal & Solution Introduction V1.1