Finite Element Analysis of RC Beams With Externally Bonded Simcon Laminates by Using ANSYS

International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM)
Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: editor@ijaiem.org

Volume 5, Issue 5, May 2016
ISSN 2319 - 4847
Finite Element Analysis Of RC Beams With

Externally Bonded Simcon Laminates By Using
ANSYS
T.Subramani1, M.Senthilkumar2
1
Professor & Dean, Department of Civil Engineering, VMKV Engg. College, Vinayaka Missions University, Salem, Tamil Nadu,
India
2
PG Student of Structural Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, VMKV Engg. College,

Vinayaka Missions University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
ABSTRACT
A summary is presented of a number of representative studies on the use of HPFRCC in combination with conventional
reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete. Examples of applications with reinforced concrete include the effect of fiber
reinforcement on plastic rotation and ductility index; the use of fibers in the tensile zone area of reinforced concrete beams to
control cracking and improve durability; the use of a SIMCON layer as reinforcement in a composite slab system; the use of
SIMCON for repair and rehabilitation of reinforced concrete beams and columns; the use of fibers to improve shear resistance
and replace shear reinforcement; the use of fibers to improve the seismic performance of reinforced concrete monolithic or
cast-in-place framing joints subjected to cyclic loading; and the use of fibers to improve the impact resistance of reinforced
concrete beams. Examples of applications with prestressed concrete include the reduction of transfer length of pretensioned
strands due to fiber reinforcement, and the improved ductility of beams prestressed with fiber reinforced plastics
reinforcements. A brief section on structural modeling is also provided.
Keywords: Finite Element Analysis, RC Beams, Externally Bonded Simcon Laminates , ANSYS
1.INTRODUCTION
The cost of civil infrastructure constitutes a major portion of the national wealth. The rapid deterioration of reinforced
concrete structures has thus created an urgent need for the development of novel, long-lasting and cost-effective
methods for repair, retrofit and new construction. As the number of civil infrastructure systems increases worldwide,
the number of deteriorated buildings and structures also increases. Complete replacement is likely to be an increasing
financial burden and might certainly be a waste of natural resources if upgrading or strengthening is a viable
alternative. A promising new way of resolving this problem is to selectively use advanced composites such as HighPerformance Fiber Reinforced Cementations Composites (HPFRCCs).
1.Classes Of Applications Of HPFRCC
Applications of high performance fiber reinforced cement composites are;
Stand-alone applications in light structural elements such as cement boards, corrugated sheets, and roofing tiles,
selected zones of structures where their enhanced properties are needed, such as in the connection regions of
seismic resistant frames
new structures or structural elements in combination with conventional reinforced and prestressed concrete, such
as in super high rise building
in repair and rehabilitation work such as in bridge decks and piers. Fibers are added to reinforced or prestressed
concrete structures for many reasons, among which to improve energy absorption, toughness, ductility, cracking,
shear resistance, and durability.
The use of conventional fiber reinforced concrete in combination with reinforcing bars and prestressing tendons has
been so far relatively limited in comparison to its use in stand-alone applications. Several studies have concluded of the
beneficial effects of adding fibers to improve the flexural response, ductility, shear, torsion, and impact resistance of
reinforced and prestressed concrete structures. In most cases, a relatively low fiber content was used (steel fibers in less
than 1.5% by volume), and the improvement due to fiber reinforcement was relatively small, suggesting difficult
choices of trade-off between additional cost and improved performance. While the additional cost of fiber reinforcement
may be given as the main reason for such slow progress, there is also evidence that the use of low end fiber reinforced
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concrete did not satisfy convincingly the expected performance. concrete in the punching shear zones around columns
in slab systems, and the beam- column connections in seismic frames.(Figure.1)
Figure 1: Typical Applications Of High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites
2. STUDY OF SIMCON
2.1.Slurry Infiltrated Mat Concrete (Simcon)
SIMCON can also be considered a pre placed fiber concrete, similar to SIFCON. However, in the making of
SIMCON, the fibers are placed in a mat form rather than as discrete fibers. The advantage of using steel fiber
matsover a large volume of discrete fibers is that the mat configuration provides inherent strength and utilizes the fibers
contained in it with very much higher aspect ratios. The fiber volume can, hence, be substantially less than that
required for making of SIFCON, still achieving identical flexural strength and energy absorbing toughness. Providing
the fibers as a mat which is then infiltrated by high strength slurry, a new type of HPFRCC, called Slurry Infiltrated
Mat Concrete (SIMCON) can be produced. SIMCON is made using a non - woven steel fiber mats that are infiltrated
with concrete slurry. Steel fibers produced directly from molten metal using a chilled wheel concept are interwoven into
a 0.5 to 2 inches thick mat. This mat is then rolled and coiled into weights and sizes convenient to a customer s
application (normally up to 120 cm wide and weighing around 200 kg per meter).(Figure.2)
Figure 2 Steel Fiber Mat
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2.2.Crack Width Control In Rc Beams

Using micro-mechanical principles, Li and CO-workers at the University of Michigan have designed a family of high
performance fiber reinforced cement composites which they call Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) .ECCs
are very ductile short random fiber composites with good strain hardening and multiple cracking characteristics. The
specific ECC used in this application contain 2% by volume of polyethylene fibers (Spectra fibers by Allied Signal)
with tensile strain capacity in excess of 5% and fracture energy of 27 kJ/m2. The uniaxial tensile stress-strain curve of
this composite is shown in Fig.4.The corresponding properties in regular concrete are approximately 0.05% and
0.lkJ/m2.
2.3.Strength Parameters
Experiments were conducted to ascertain the strength parameters and the observed
parameters are given below:
Mean compressive strength - 88 N/mm2
Mean tensile strength - 70 N/mm2
Modulus of elasticity - 2.7 104 N/mm2
Density of SIMCON mat = 7695.97 kg/m3
Density of SIMCON laminates = 1800 kg/m3
Mean Compressive Strength of SIMCON laminates, fcm = 88 N/mm2
Mean Tensile Strength of SIMCON laminates, fct = 17 N/mm2
Modulus of Elasticity of SIMCON laminates, Er = 3.20104 N/mm2
3.METHODOLOGY
The following procedure is adapted to cast the specimens.
Place the moulds on the vibrating table and put the wet concrete mix inside the moulds in three layers.
Put the button of vibrating table and along with that tamping has to be done using standard tamping rod.
Vibration should not be more, otherwise segregation will take place.
After filling the moulds with wet concrete, level the surface and give the designation to it as shown in fig.
Demould the specimen after 24 hours.
Figure 3 Geometry Of Reinforced Concrete Beam With Simcon

Layer
Keep all specimen for curing of 28 days.
After curing for 28 days remove all specimen from curing tank then start retrofitting work.
Before retrofitting chipping should be done.
Then rough layer of mortar is applied on the surface of beam
Take slurry infiltrate mat concrete and cover to full beam then mortar will be applied to full beam.
Take slurry infiltrated fiber concrete (steel fiber) mixed with mortar and applied over a surface of beams and same
process will be done with polypropylene fiber.
Hybrid fiber reinforcement concrete method is also same as SIFCON but polypropylene fiber and steel fiber both
will mix at same time with different percentage in mortar. (Figure.3)
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4. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION
Preliminary experimental study was conducted to determine the optimum volume fraction and aspect ratio of fiber mat.
Fourth-five laminates of size 125 x 25 x 500 mm were cast with different volume fraction (Vf), say 4.0 percent, 4.5
percent, 5.0 percent, 5.5 percent, and 6.0 percent and different aspect ratio (l/d) say 300, 400, and cocktail of 300 and
400. Among these combination the test results is found that Vf = 5.5 percent gives better performance with regard to
ultimate load (U.L) and stiffness. In this study uniform and mixed aspect ratio, say 300, 400, and cocktail of 300 and
400 were used, so that the length of the fiber is 150 and 200 mm, respectively, in such a way that as per volume
fraction 60 percent of fibers aligned in the longitudinal direction and the remaining 40 percent of fibers aligned in the
inclined direction not exceeding 50 degrees with the horizontal. Every mat has four or five layers of fibers as per Vf
and the individual fibers are bonded with low viscosity epoxy resin that should not affect the voids between the
individual fibers for achieving perfect cement grout. The final form of the fiber mat is just like filter mat. After
spraying the resin the mat was held in position by compression machine under 50 KN at 30 minutes and then allowed
for 24 hours air curing. Then the fiber mats were kept in the mould and were grouted; the cement slurry was mixed in a
mortar mixer with super plasticizer for improving workability with reduced water cement ratio and to have adequate
fluidity in order to facilitate construction of specimens.
Hence great care has been taken in choosing the constituent materials based on different trial mix. Mixing ratio of the
cement slurry is given below:
Sand /cement - 0.50
Water/cement ratio - 0.30
Super plasticizers / Cement - 0.025
4.1.Flexural Strength Test
The following procedure is adopted to conduct the flexural strength test.(Figure.4)
Brush the beam clean. Turn the beam on its side, with respect to its position as molded, and place it in the breaking
machine. The size of the beam specimen is 100 x 100 x 500 mm.
Set the bearing plates square with the beam and adjust for distance by means of the guide plates furnished with the
machine.
Place a strip of leather or similar material under the upper bearing plate to assist in distributing the load.
Bring the plunger of the jack into contact with the ball on the bearing bar by turning the screw in the end of the
plunger.
Figure. 4 Test Set Up For Static Loading

After contact is made and when only firm finger pressure has been applied, adjust the needle on the dial gauge to
0.
Here we are applying two point loading on the beam specimen, apply load till it breaks and note that as failure load
as shown in figure
Computation of the flexural strength was as follows.
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Table 1 Summary Of Test Result 1
A quantitative measure of ductility has to be with reference to a load-deflection response. Then, the ratio of the ultimate
deformation to the deformation at the beginning of the horizontal path (or, at first yield ) can give a measure of
ductility. However, each choice of deformation (strain, rotation, curvature, or deflection) may give a different value for
the ductility measure . Energy absorption capacity can be measured under the area of stress-strain curve (loaddeflection cure). The first crack loads were obtained by visual examination only. The experimental ultimate loads were
obtained corresponding to the load beyond which the beam would not sustain additional deformation at the same load
intensity. Based on the experimental results, it can be observed that significant increase in strength can be realized at
all the load levels by externally bonding SIMCON laminates.This increase may be attributed to the increase in tensile
cracking strength of concrete due to confinement. Further it is to be noted that increase in load carrying capacity is
possible only when other modes of failure do not interfere. All the strengthened beams were also carefully examined
prior to and after testing. It was found that failure did not occur at the laminate-concrete interface. This confirms that
the composite action continued throughout the load spectrum. The load-mid span deflection graphs were drawn for
control and strengthened beams as shown in Fig. From the graph it is seen that beam RB1exhibits increased deflection
and flexural strength.(Table.1)
5.NUMERICAL (ANSYS) RESULTS OF LOAD DEFLECTION BEHAVIOUR

FEA software ANSYS is adopted for predicting the load displacement response of the control and strengthened beams
numerically. The mesh model defined 375 nodes and 47 elements. The programme offers solid 65 for beam element,
link 8 for steel element and solid 45 for laminate element. The generated model for beam RB1 is shown in Figure.5. A
typical deflected shape of strengthened beam RB1 is shown in Figure.6 and Figure.7. A comparison of load deflection
and strain variation arising out of numerical analysis with that of experimental investigation has been presented in
section 6.
Figure 5 Solid 65 And Solid 45 Geometry
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Figure 6 Deflected Shape Of Strengthened Beam RB1 (Ansys)
Figure 7 Loads Deflection Curve For Strengthened Beam RB1.

Modeling Of Beam-Column Joint
The boundary conditions were exactly simulated as in the test set up shown in Figure. Horizontal and vertical
restraints, representing a pin connection were applied at the top and bottom of the column. At the end of beams, only
vertical displacement were provided to simulate the cyclic load conditions used in the test. A constant axial load of 100
kN was applied to top end of the column. The vertical displacement at the beam end was applied in a slowly increasing
monotonic manner, with results recorded for every 5 mm vertical displacement up to failure.( Figure.8)
Ansys Model
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Figure 8 Ansys Model And Deflected Shape Of Beam Column Joint
6. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The crack patterns which develop in the control regular RC beam and the ECC layered beam were distinctly different.
As the RIC beam with the ECC layer was loaded, the first crack could be seen above the ECC layer but difficult to see
in the ECC layer. As the load was further increased, the cracks that developed in the concrete material diffused into
many fine cracks when they met the ECC material. There is no significant difference between the moment curvature
response of the two beams. However, the crack width-curvature response is significantly different. The crack width
(width of first crack that appeared and monitored) in the control specimen increases almost linearly as a function of
curvature. At peak load the width of the crack is approximately equal to 1.52 mm. If the beam is loaded 20 % beyond
yield, the crack width in the beam reaches the ACI crack width limit for interior exposure (0040 mm). Any cracks of
width larger than this limit may result in a high rate of reinforcement corrosion. Overload of a properly designed
member (satisfying crack width criteria under service load) can drive cracks significantly wider resulting in eventual
durability problems. This study shows that for a given curvature the crack width measured on the beam with the ECC
layer is much smaller than that measured on the control RIC beam. At ultimate load the crack width reaches 0.19 mm.
Also the strain measured in the ECC material at the bottom of the beam was 0.026 which is smaller than the ultimate
strain capacity of the material. Based on the above results and a study of water flow through cracked concrete by
Tsukamoto one could conclude that the flow of aggressive substance into a RC member could be significantly reduced,
if not brought down to zero. Tsukamoto's study suggested that the critical crack width below which no flow occurs for
an FRC is about 0.1 mm. Under service load conditions (about 60% of ultimate) the crack width in the RC beam with
the ECC layer is limited to 0.05 mm. Therefore, it can be concluded that under service load conditions the ECC layer
will prevent the migration of any aggressive substance (through water) into the concrete or the reinforcement. Since
above the critical crack width, the flow rate scales with the third power of the crack width, a small reduction in the
crack width translates into a significant reduction in the flow rate.
7.CONCLUSION
Based on the results obtained from experiments, analytical and theoretical analyses, the following conclusions are
drawn:
SIMCON laminates properly bonded to the tension face of RC beams can enhance the flexural strength
substantially. The strengthened beams exhibit an increase in flexural strength of 45.45 percent for laminates
having volume fraction 5.5 percent and aspect ratio 300 and 400, 89.09 percent for volume fraction 5.5 and aspect
ratio 400, and 100 percent for volume fraction 5.5 percent and aspect ratio 300.
At any given load level, the deflections are reduced significantly thereby increasing the stiffness for the
strengthened beams. At ultimate load level of the control specimens, the strengthened beams exhibit a decrease of
deflection up to 87 percent.
All the beams strengthened with SIMCON laminates with optimum volume fraction 5.5 percent and aspect ratio
300, 400, and 400 and 300 experience flexural failures. None of the beams exhibit premature brittle failure.
A flexible epoxy system will ensure that the bond line does not break before failure and participate fully in the
structural resistance of the strengthened beams.
Among the three different volume fraction and aspect ratio of bonded SIMCON laminates, the strengthened beam
RB1 of volume fraction 5.5 percent and aspect ratio 300 exhibit 100 percent increase in flexural strength when
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compared to the control specimen and has close agreement with the experimental, theoretical calculations (section
analysis) and numerical (ANSYS) results.
References
[1] L. C. Hollaway and M. B. Leeming, Strengthening of reinforced concrete structures using externally-bonded FRP
composites in structural and civil engineering. England: CRC Press, 1999.
[2] Z. Bayasi and J. Zeng, Flexural behaviour of slurry infiltrated mat concrete (SIMCON), ACI Struct. J., vol. 9(4),
pp. 194-199, November 1997.
[3] E.L. Hackmen, M.B. Farrel and O.O. Dunham, Simcon infiltrated mat concrete (SIMCON), Concr. Int., vol.
14(12), pp.53-56, November 1992.
[4] [N. Krstulovic-Opara, E. Dogan, C.-M.Uang and A. R. Haghayeghi, Flexural behaviour of composite RC-slurry
infiltrated mat concrete (SIMCON) members, ACI Mater. J., vol. 94(5), pp. 502-512, September-October 1997.
[5] N. Krstulovic-Opara and S. Malak, Tensile behaviour of slurry infiltrated mat concrete (SIMCON), ACI Mater.
J., vol 94(1), pp.39-46, January-February 1997.
[6] N. Krstulovic-Opara and M.J. Al-Shanng, Compressive behaviour of slurry iinfiltrated mat concrete (SIMCON),
ACI Mater. J., vol. 96(3), pp. 367-377, May-June 1999a.
[7] N. Krstulovic-Opara and M. J. Al-Shanng, Slurry infiltrated mat concrete (SIMCON) based shear retrofit of
reinforced concrete members, ACI Struct. J., vol.96 (1), pp.105-114, January-February 1999b.
[8] T.Subramani, M.S.Saravanan, Analysis Of Non Linear Reinforced And Post Tensioned Concrete Beams Using
ANSYS, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research (IJAER) International Journal of Applied
Engineering Research (IJAER), Volume 10, Number 38 Special Issues, pp.28247-28252, 2015
[9] T.Subramani, J.Jayalakshmi , " Analytical Investigation Of Bonded Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer Sheets With
Reinforced Concrete Beam Using Ansys" , International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering &
Management (IJAIEM) , Volume 4, Issue 5, pp. 105-112 , 2015
[10] T.Subramani., S.Krishnan., M.S.Saravanan. Suboth Thomas Analysis Of Retrofitting Non-Linear Finite
Element Of RCC Beam And Column Using Ansys International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications ,Vol. 4, Issue 12(Version 5), pp.77-87, 2014.
[11] T.Subramani., T.Krishnan., M.S.Saravanan, Suboth Thomas, Finite Element Modeling On Behaviour Of
Reinforced Concrete Beam Column Joints Retrofitted With CFRP Sheets Using Ansys International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications Vol. 4, Issue 12(Version 5), pp.69 -76, 2014
[12] T.Subramani., R.Manivannan.M.Kavitha, "Crack Identification In Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Ansys
Software" ,International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, Volume. 4, Issue. 6 (Version 6), pp
133 - 141, 2014.
[13] T.Subramani, R.Senthil Kumar. Modelling and Analysis of Hybrid Composite Joint Using Fem in ANSYS,
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue 6 (Version 1), pp 41- 46, 2014.
[14] T.Subramani, A.Kumaresan., Advanced Cable Stayed Bridge Construction Process Analysis with ANSYS,
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research, Volume. 4, Issue.6 (Version 1), pp 28-33, 2014,
AUTHORS
Prof. Dr.T.SubramaniWorking as a Professor and Dean of Civil Engineering in VMKV
Engineering. College, Vinayaka Missions University, Salem, Tamilnadu, India. Having more than
25 years of Teaching experience in Various Engineering Colleges. He is a Chartered Civil
Engineer and Approved Valuer for many banks. Chairman and Member in Board of Studies of
Civil Engineering branch. Question paper setter and Valuer for UG and PG Courses of Civil
Engineering in number of Universities. Life Fellow in Institution of Engineers (India) and
Institution of Valuers. Life member in number of Technical Societies and Educational bodies.
Guided more than 400 students in UG projects and 220 students in PG projects. He is a reviewer
for number of International Journals and published 136 International Journal Publications and presented more than 30
papers in International Conferences
Er.M.Senthilkumar Working as Pro-Term Lecturer of Civil Engineering in VMKV Engineering
College, Vinayaka Missions University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India and also he pursuing his M.E.
Structural Engineering (Part Time) in VMKV Engineering College. Having more than 3 years of
Teaching experience in VMKV Engineering College and 2 years Field experience in Various
Construction Companies. He is a Licensed Building Surveyor in Edappadi Municipality.
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International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM)

Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: editor@ijaiem.org

ISSN 2319 - 4847