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A
Presentation
On

THE ORGANIZATION OF
LIVING THINGS
(general science/chapter no:6)
(Standard seven)
by

Amita Naik

 The Organization Of Living Things

We see many living things around us. Of these some are
animals and some, plants. The structure of some living
things is simple while others have complex structures.
We have learnt that living things like amoeba,
paramecium, chlorella are unicellular and that living
things like a tree or man are multicellular.
Various life processes like respiration, digestion go on in
the bodies of living things. In unicellular living things all
process are carried out in that single cell whereas in
multicellular living things there are different organs to
carry out different processes. That is why, the cell is
considered to be the fundamental unit of the structure and
function of living things. The structure of living things is
suited to the functions they must perform. This is known
as the organisation of living things.

Levels In The Organization Of Living

Things
CELL LEVEL
TISSUE LEVEL
ORGAN LEVEL
SYSTEM LEVEL

 Cell level
The level of organization is different in different
living things. The structure and functions of all
living things occur at the cellular level. Cells contain
various organelles. These organelles carry out
respiration, digestion. Excretion and other various
life processes within the cell. This is called
ORGANISATION AT THE CELLULAR LEVEL.
This is the lowest level of organization. In
unicellular living things, their organization is only at
the cellular level. All life processes of the amoeba,
spirogyra, euglena, paramecium take place in a
single cell. That is, their life processes take place at
the cellular level.

 Tissue level organisation

When the organization at the cellular
level falls short of carrying out all life
processes, then organization at the tissue
level develops. In these living things, cells
function in group in order to carry out
various life processes.
A group of cells all of which perform
the same function is called a tissue. This
level organization. We see such tissue
level organization in living things like
moss, algae, and hydra.

ALGAE

HYDRA

MOSS

 Organ level organisation

Various kinds of tissues come
together to form an organ. Organs like
the stomach or liver in animals or the
leaf, the flower in plants are made up
of various tissues. These organs
perform different functions at
different stages. When life processes in
living things are carried out by organs
then it is known as ORGAN LEVEL
ORGANISATION.

System level organisation

Life processes like respiration, digestion, excretion and reproduction take place
in living things. To carry out these functions, several organs function together as a
group. A group of organs which together carry out a certain function is called a
system.

The different organs of the digestive system like the stomach. Intestines, lever,
etc. work as a group at different stages of the process of digestion of food.
living things have several different systems like the digestive, respiratory,
circulatory, excretory systems. The organisation of living things at this level is
called System Level Organisation.
this is a higher level of organisation. We find system level organisation in all
vertebrate animals and seed bearing plants.

BIOSPHERE
animals and plants have various systems.
these various systems together make up a
single living thing or organism.
we have seen that living things are
organised at various levels, namely, cellular,
tissue, organ and systems levels. There are
some further levels of organisation, too. These
are

ECOSYSTEM
COMMUNITY
POPULATION

1) Population

SYSTEM
LEVEL

2) Community

ORGAN LEVEL

3) Ecosystem
4) Biosphere.

TISSUE LEVEL
CELL LEVEL
ORGANISATION OF LIVING THINGS

The Population level of organisation consist of all individuals of the same

species. For example, all human beings on the earth from the population of the
species of man.
The particular area in which a group of animals and plants live and flourish
together is called their Habitat.
The group of organisms of all the various species living together in any one
habitat is called a Community.
The living and non-living factors together form an Ecosystem. There are
many different kind of ecosystems on the earth such as forests, lakes, seas, rivers,
land, etc.
Living things exists in the atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere. The part
of the atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere occupied by living things is
together called the Biosphere. The biosphere is the highest level of the
organisation of living things.

Questions?

All the best for

studies!