FL-1 00 SERIES, FL-1 10, FL-1 20

Now Available

COMPUTERIZED
FLOW TABLES
FOR OMEGA@ ROTAMETERS
A new R L D project at Omega Instruments has
produced a new computerized procedure for
generating complete Row tables for any suitable
fluid of known viscosity and density.
Tables of flow are available for calibrated and
correlated flowmeters at every scale division from 1 to 100.
Similar tables are available for compact
flowmeters at every direct flow reading of
scale.
condiVolume flow rates are given at the
tions of flow and corrected to volumes
measured at standard conditions.
Each chart for a correlated and calibrated
flowmeter is specific to the actual serialized
meter and float material.
The flow rate can be given in any units
desired including mass flow.
New correlation method uses complex analytical equations programmed to achieve
maximum accuracy.
Resultant accuracy is at least twice as good
as the best previous correlation developed,
namely:
Average error = -t 2% or f 0.5 S.D. whichever is the greater (compared to -+ 4% for
previous best method)
Maximum Error = -t 6% or 2 1.5 SD. whichever is the greater (compared to -+ 12%
for previous best method)
NEW CORRELATION *
he new computerized method is based on
he use of the flow equation given in terms
If q as a function of CR and K, A new more
!xtensive correction is used for
CR and
cf as follows:
1. From the latest available flow data and
flowmeter characteristics ~(10 + log C,) IS
plotted as a function of ~(10 + log K,) with
Parameter Ft. where,

KR IS independent of R and a function of the

physlcal properties of the fluid and the flowmeter only. It is proportional to the square root
of the Archimedes number (a dimensionless
quantity used in fluid dynamics analysis).
division for each particular flowmeter.
2.Two new functions related toy and u are defined as,
a. W = log w. where w = log z log z0
and log z = - log (y, y)
y,=yasu a=
z,=zatSt=5
b.V=logv,wherev=u-u,
and u,=uatSt=5

5. The relationship between C, and St IS simplified in the Stokes region as before to give:

3. The analytical relatlonship between W and

V is given by,
W = n, + n,V + n,V* i n,V3

where St<5
6. The correction factor, K, is defined by:

This polynomial expression is evaluated using the

best values of the four coefficients, n,. n,. n2 and
n3 determined by a graphical least squares analysis of cross plots and derivattve plots These
coefficients In turn are determined by a similar
analysis to yield polynominals In R as follows:
n,=a,+q,R+q2R2
n, =a,,+a,,R+a,,RZ
n2 = aZO + a,,R + a&+
n3 = a, + a,,R + aZ2RZ
Relerence: Gitmont 8 Wechster.
Meas. 8 Control V21, No. 6, P.148 (Dec. 1987).

GB-104350

ingi;98D,

where, R, is a simple function of v; namely,

The coefficients of the linear function above are

again evaluated by a graphical least squares
analysis of cross plots of data to yield:
m,=m,+m,,RJ
and m, = m,, + mrp R2

C,

Substitut-

4-R[A + 21

K ,

yields the volumetnc rate at condltlons of

flow, whfch in turn is converted to the standard rate
by the program. If one attempted these computations with a scientific calculator, it would require
an inordinate amount of time to obtain the complete table produced by the computer program as
illustrated above.
IiOW TO,ORDER
When ordenng your specific computerized table
please supply the following information:

a. At operating conditions of specified

pressure and temperature
b. At standard conditions of 1 atm. and 70F
3. Float material
4. Flowmeter size and serial number where
5. Units of flow desired

Ml 072/0390

DIRECTIONS

OMEGA@ ROTARilETERS

The procedure for calculating the flow of any fluid of known density and
viscosity are based on the new standard correlation curve supplied
with the new serialized flowmeter. NOTE: Owners of old serial num
bers may write for a new chart at no extra charge, by supplying us with
the size and serial number of the flowmeter.

iIGH-ACCURACY, UNSHIELDED
Computer tables are now included at no extra charge
- four tables in ail, air and water at standard conditions using glass and stainless steel floats. For other
fluids and any conditions of flow.
?? The standard calibration chart for air and water using
the glass float now contains the values of R for use
with the new generalized correlation.
?? Calibration curves for any fluid and float can be
obtained at the operating conditions of flow using
the new generalized correlation. Only the density and
viscosity of the fluid need be known.
?? Each serialized meter is statistically calibrated with
air at three points (an improvement over the previous
two point calibration) to assure an accuracy of
f 2%
or f 1 Scale division (whichever is the greater).
. Readings are reproducible to f 1% or * 0.5 scale
divisions (whichever is the greater).
?? Other features have been maintained as follows:
1. Specially designed Teflon stops accept cones.
ponding tapered joints and O-Rings to make a
vacuum tight seal.
2. Permanent black ceramic scale and white
background for easy reading.
3. Corrosion resistant-fluid comes in contact with
glass and tefion only (when using glass float and
plain end meter).
4. Glass and stainless steel floats are supplied with
each meter. A conversion chart indicates pressure
drops for each float and converts flow rates with the
glass float to those with stainless steel.
These flowmeters are manufactured from tapered
(-t .OOOlprecision bore tubing to ultimate tolerances
.0002) which give maximum precision attainable
for spherical float rotameters.
The tolerances on
the floats are of comparable magnitude.
The latest generalized correlation is based on a new
dimensionless quantityKi(related to the Archimedes
number). Prediction of fluid flows with an accuracy at
least twice as good as any previous method is now
possible (see page 1). See DIRECTIONS of sample
calculations using graphical and analytical methods.
* U.S. Patent No. 3,183,713
** Reference: Gilmont 8 Maurer. Instr. & Control Sys. V.34.
p.2070 (1941).
??

Reference:
p.148 (Dec.

Gllmont
1987).

8 Wechsler.

Meas.

&Control

V.21, N

GRAPHICAL SOLUTION
Select the desired value of Rat the corresponding value of
scale division from the calibration curve supplied.
2. Calculate the value of KR:
1.

K,= ,.;, [

SIZE NO

Cat. No.
F-2004
F-2005
F-2031
F-1133
F-1134

1 Ring 101 JOl",

S-1105
S~l105-E
I-Ring EPR
-LOAT
Pf FC Fw
;1ass
253
F-2032
;?I
8 02 18 i 1 F-2032 S
rantttt
166 26 32
149 24
3OF-2032.TC

lCttt

pf = density,
ttt suppled

Cat. No.
F-1104
F-1105
F-1131
F-1133
F-1134
S-1105
S-ll05~E

F~ll32
F-1132-S
F-1132-T

Cat. No.
F~l204

C, = .0852K,R5
4.

Determine the value of the correction factor. K,. For gases ant
values of R < 10, the value of K, may be taken as unity. If not
letermine K, as follows:
a. Calculate the value of v:

b. From the Correction Factor Chart on the page following thr

Correlation Chart, obtain the value of
100/k?, correspondin<
to the values of R and Y.
K,:
c. Calculate the value of

PI

R,

Calculate the volumetric rate of flow,

q:

q= CRK4R f. + 2
[
Kq = 59

K,

1PPt

6 D, !%- )
s
[

snd D, = Diam. float in inches from data.

3. The above.value of q is at the conditions of flow which may be
.educed to a volume measured at standard conditions, q :q
= qpfp
Nhere. p0 = density at standard conditions

SAMPLE CALCULATIONS

FL-105
Shown with
resDective ioint

6,

Cat. No.

Flowmeter, Size
#l. FllOO, Glass Float,
W, = .00530 g, p, =
2.53 glee. 0, = .0625 in. Water at 40
C. p = ,653 cp., p = .99i
g/cc. p. = .99d g/cc. Values of R at 5, 10 & 25

F-7032
F-7032-E

F-1232
F-1232~s
F-1232-T

F~l332
2119-S
1332-T

F~l432
F 1432-S

F-1532
F-1532-S

F-2504
F-1505
F-1531
F-1533
F-1534

F 1432.TC

F-1532.TC

F-1x35~

F-1535-E

R
5
10
25

I!

CR
.0842
,233
,526

100/R,
1
.097
,693

.0469
.0625
.125
,250
,375
,500

.P64
,962
5.48

-OFI ANALYTICAL SOLUTION see page following the

r:ON CHART.

.%33
,956
5.45
CORRELA.

exer.
sised not to lose the ball, especially for the smaller sizes It is
POSSi.
aru
318 to replace the ball with negligible error because the diameter
density of the ball are held to very close tolerances. Normal method:
3f cleaning are recommended using mild detergents and drying witt
acetone.
JOINT SETS: It is recommended that short lengths of flexible
tubin<
[such as tygon or teflon) be used on each end to hold the joints se
curely to the flowmeter especially with the smaller sizes
(#O and #1)
To protect the tiny teflon stops of these smaller sizes a suitable nee
dle may be inserted in the orifice upon assembly and disassembly

SET OF
FLOAT
DIAM.

4.44
2.30

K,
1
.923
,870

.06836. Kq = .2130

CLEANING: When cleaning the meter, great care should be

FA and Fw are magmfylng

factors far
ar & wakr
wlfh conversion char, for flow and pressure drop

FLOWUETERS, PLAIN ENDS

RANGES MLlMlN tt
AIR
CAT. NO.
WATER
0.2-100
,002-l .l
FL-100
l-280
.Ol-4.0
FL-101
10-1900
0.2-36
FL-102
200s14,000
3-300
FL-103
l OOO-36,000
1 O-850
FL-104
3000-77,000
30-l 900
FL-105

1 =

y = 1.021 .00530(2.53 - .992).992 O5

R
,653 L
2.53

5
Cat. No.

Cat. No.

at low flows, may cause erratic readings due

to electrostatic charge build-up.

[I

K , = ,-- !T2
P

whers,

NOTE: Extremely dry gases,

SIZE

IOQR

F-2404
F-1405
F 1431
F-1433
F 1434
F 1435-v
F-1435E

F-1231
F-l 233
F-i 234

v = IogK, - ,350 t

F-1304
F-1305
F-1331
F-1333
F-1334
S-1205
S 1205-E

F-1205

where, p = viscoscity of fluid in cp

W, = weight of float in g/cc
p, = density of float in g/cc
p = density of fluid in glee
note, W, and P, are given in the calibration curve data.
3. From the correlation chart on the next page obtain the value o
28 corresponding to R and Kn. When C, < .19. use the equation

SPARE IJAR1 rs LIST

Description
.etlan Stop, Top
retIon Stop. Bottom
:lowmeter Tube
klmt, inner
loIni. Outer

W ,(p:j-pipl

the

TUBE
O.D. n

5116
5116
5116
7116
11116
15/16

TUBE
LENGTH w
7 l/2

7 /2
7 /2
7%

JOlNTSt
CAT. NO.

IO%0

10130
12130
14135
19138
24140

FL-J1
FL-J1
FL-J2
FL-J3
FL-J4
FL-J5

Each meter is supplied with complete directions and correlation charts for calculating the calibration curve for any fluid whose density and viscosity are
known. Owners of serialized flowmeter made prior to the new computerized correlation, may order any one of the four computer tables,
specify desired tables.
Just supply us with flowmeter size and serial number and
tconsists of one inner and outer joint plus two O-rings.
ttFlow ranges for glass float stated above may be extended by factors of approx 2 to 3 by using heavier floats. See Spare Parts List.

rt

C ORRELA T/ON CHART

10

Density a Viscosity of
Gases at 70F a 1 atm
p in g/Li

GAS

KR

c1 in cp

1.087
1.200
.7155
1.655
2.510
2.481
1.035
1.160
2.989
1.259
1.170
.1657
.0834
1.522
1.429
3.382
.6653
2.139
.035a
1.244
1.161
1.836
1.326
1.075
2.717
5.307

cetylene
.ir
.mmonia
.rgon
utane (n)
utane (iso)
:arbon dioxide
:arbon monoxide
:hlorine
thane
thylene
leiium
lydrogen
lydrogen chloride
lydrogen sulfide
.rypton
lethane
lethyl chloride
leon
litric oxide
litrogen
litrous oxide
)xygen
ropane
iulfur dioxide
:enon

.OlOl
.0181
.00986
.0221
.0076
.0076
.0148
.0174
.0133
.00913
.OlOl
.0194
.0087
.0144
.0126
.02 514
.0109
.0107
.0312
.0188
.0175
.0144
.0203
.00803
.0125
.0226

TABLE II

Density a Viscosity of
Liquids at 70F 8 1 atm
LIOUID

p In g/ml

Acetic Acid
Acetone
Anilme
Benzene
Butyl Acetate
n-butanol
CCI 4
Chlorobenzene
Chloroform
Diethyl Ether
Ethyl Acetate
Ethanol
Ethylene Br
Ethylene Cl
Ethylene Glycol
Fluorobenzene
Heptane
Methyl Acetate
Methanol
Nitrobenzene
n-octane
Propanol
Toluene
o-xylene
m-xylene
p-xylene
Aqueous Solutions
10% HCI
30% HCI
10% HNO,
40% HNO3
10% HzSO~
60% HsSOa

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.7

1.049
,790
1.022
,879
,083
,610
1.594

1.106
1.483
,714
,900
,709
1.460
898
1.109
1.023
,684
,933
791
1.204
,703
,804
867
,880
.864
861

p in cp
1.221
.32
4.40
,652
,732
2 946
,969
,799

.58
,233
,455
1 20
1.72
.79
19.90
.598
409
381
,597
2 03
,542
2 256
,590
,810
,620
,648

(% by weight)
1.048
1 149
1.054
1.247
1.066
1.499

1.15<
1.70;
1.04;
1 55E
1 22E
5 90:

1.0 1.
CR-

FOR CR < 0.19, CR = .0852 KRR.~

CORRECT/ON FACTOR CHART

SAMPLE CALCULATIONS FORANALyrCAL SOLUTION

ANALYTICAL SOLUTION OF FLUID FLOW

1. Same as step 1 of GRAPHICAL SOLUTION on previous page
2. Same as step 2 of GRAPHICAL SOLUTION

3. Calculate the following:

a) St = KR2R3
b) St,, = 5 + .777R
4. Determine the region of flow as follows:
a) If St < 5 region is Stokes, skip to step 9
b) If .Sb 5 St F 5 region is transitional, skip to step 6
c) If St > St0 region is turbulent, proceed to step 5
5. For the turbulent region, calculate the following:
a) V = log[log Kn - ,350 + 1.5 IogR] (KRfrom step 2)
b) W ,=no+n,V+n2V2+~V3
where, no = -.197 t .00418R- .000155R2
n, = 1.065
- .0189R + 001375R*
n2 = ,929 - .1510R+ .004025R2
n3 = ,542 - .06185R. skip to step 7
6. For the transitional region calculate the following:
a) V, = log[O.5 log S10 - .350] (St,, from step
3b)
b) W, = n,, + n,V, + n2V02 + n3V03 (coeff. the same as in 5b)
c) W, = W0 - V, + V (Vas calculated in Step
5a)
7. Calculate the followino:
a) WC = log-
W,
b) zc = log- (w,+ 0.1193)
C) yc = 10.040 -(l/z,)
d) CR= log-
(y,- 10)
Determine the value of K,as follows: (K, = 1 for gases)
a) v = log- V ( V from step 5a)

8.

1.

R:

af R
7.61
12.77
transitional

5. a) v:
b) W,:
0

:
n, :
2 :
3 :
6. a) V, :
b)
;
c) w,:
7.

a) w,:
b) zc:
c) Yc:

d) C,:

8. a)
Y:
b) R,:

100

c)

where, m, = 4.81 - .138

25

Kn = .08836 for all values

St = .00781 R3
,975
a) sr:
b) St,:
6.805
4.
Region:
Stokes

2.
3.

1
--.1707
1.0315
-.1785
- 0765

-.1592
-.4249
-.1894
1.4519
-.3304
-1.004 3

-.6923
-.9325
-1.061 3
-1.256 5
.0554
1.495
9.371
,235

1
.3760
3.128
9.72
,525

.09632
22.54

IQ:
m,
K,:

::

122.0
24.4
turbulent

23

931
E4
138
71

R3
1000

m,= -2.62+

,369

[I

R2
100

c) K, = 1 - R * Skip to step
R,
PI
9. For the Stokes region calculate:
a) c, = .0852(St)05

10

(m, from step

10.
q = C,K,R

R1

9. a) c,:
b) ~; i

.0842
4.79
,977

8b)

flow at the conditions of flow:

10.

K, = .2130 for all values of

,180
4:

+2 K,

[ 100

11. The above flow (q) mky be

conditions (q) as follows:

red&d to a volume measured at standard

q = q p where, p. = density at std.

PO

11.

q :
* NOTE:

cond

.179

,964

5.45

For size x0 and S.S. Float multiply by an addatonal facior K,

K,: = [l-(k)]

(1 -9

Where: R,I 700 for gases

R;-3.55-51.5R+2.37R2 forfiquiis