TFN REVIEWER

Theory- what happens first

Florence Nightingale- envisioned nurses as
body of educated nurse
Ernestine Wiedenbach

The Helping Art of Nursing

Influenced by Ida Orlando

4 elements in Clinical Nursing

Philosophy- attitude or belief towards

life
Nursing- needs of patients through
symptoms
Purpose- accomplish through her actions
Practice- observable nursing actions

Person- endowed with unique potential to

develop self

10 steps to identify clients problem

Nursing skills- observation of health
status skills of communication
Identification and Classification of
Problems- typology of 21 nursing
problems

Metaparadigm
Person- Having physical, emotional, social
needs
Health- state mutually exclusive of illness
Environment- home for community
Nursing- helping profession

Dorothea Elizabeth Orem

Environment- conglomerate of objects

Health- Not defined

Self care theory

Concept of Practice
Member of a curriculum subcommittee
at Catholic unit
Mid-range theory

Orems conceptual Framework:

Virginia Henderson

Nursing Need Theory

Modern legend in nursing
Foremost nurse of the 20th century

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Orems self care- identify the demand if

higher/lower
Self care demands- ability to meet
demands
Nursing Agency- deficit

Nursing- Unique function of nursing is to assist

Orems model and the nursing process

Metaparadigm

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Person- have basic needs that are component of

health

Assessment
Evaluation
Planning
Implementation

Environment- unique pattern of living

Metaparadigm

Health- function independentl

Person- integrated as whole

Health- state of wholeness

Fay Glenn Abdellah

21 Nursing Problems
Countrys leading researcher in health
Based on problem-solving method
Patient Centered care- required you to
take active role

Environment- encompasses the elements

external to man
Nursing- art, a helping serving and a technology

Myra Estrin Levin

Nursing is Human interaction

Conservation Model Theory
-focused in promoting adaptation and
maintaining wholeness
Conservation- to keep together

Framework on Conservation
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Energy
Structural integrity
Personal integrity
Social integrity

Metaparadigm
Person- wholeness of the individual demands
Health- unity and integrity
Environment- person is constantly and actively
involved
Nursing- human interaction designed to promote
wholeness
Internal environment- combined
External environment- divided

Jean Watson

Theory of Human Caring

The nurse is also cared of
The model emphasizes humanistic
aspects
Middle-range theory
Focuses on interconnectedness of
patient and nurse

Nola Pender

Major Concept
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Individual Experiences
Behavior Specific Affect
Behavioral Outcomes

Dorothy Johnson

Behavioral System Model

Based on Nightingales belief that
nursings goal is to help individuals
prevent from disease

Functional requirments for BSM

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Protection
Nurturance
Stimulation

Subsystems- interrelated parts that function

together to form a whole

Carative factors- guides the care of nursing

Metaparadigm

Person- subjective and unique

Environment- crucial to holistic healing

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Nursing- connective bond

Person- self concept

Health- pursuit health through life span
Health promotion- client behaviour
toward developing well being
Health protection- client behaviour
toward preventing illness
Environment- comfortable
Nursing promote wellness by health
promote education

Key Concepts

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Health- unity between physical, social, mental

and spiritual

Health Promotion Model

-aims overall health-promoting lifestyle

Attachment Subsystem- most critical

Dependency Subsystem- promotes
helping behaviour
Ingestive- has to do with what, how
much, how
Eliminate- when, how and under
conditions
Sexual- dual functions
Achievement- to control an aspect of self
Aggressive-protective- protection and
preservation

Metaparadigms

Person- behavioural system with patterned

Nursing- external force that acts to preserve the
organization
Environment- consists of factors that are not part
of BMS

Betty Neuman

LOD- Line of Defense

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Sister Callista Roy

Roy Adaptation Model

Adaptation- a conceptual framework for
nursing
Considered a systems model

Defines:
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Adaptation- process and outcome

whereby thinking and feeling persons
Nursing- health care profession that
focuses on human life processes
Nursing science- developing system of
knowledge
Nursing practice- essential services

Systems Model Theory

Primary Prevention- reduction of

possible risk factors
Secondary Prevention- reduce the
noxious effects
Tertiary Prevention- adjustment of
processes

Major Concept of her Theory

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Content- comprise the whole client

system
Entrophy- process of energy depletion
Flexible LOD- protective
Normal LOD- usual state of LOD

LOR- Line of Resistance -series of concentric

circles

Stressors- environmental factors

Prevention- primary nursing
intervention

Goal of Nursing- promotion of adaptation for

individuals and groups in 4 adaptive models

Defines:

4 Adaptive Models

Person- multidimensional being

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Physiological- physical and chemical

processes
Self concept-focuses on psychological
and spiritual integrity
Role function- roles that indivuals
occupy in society
Interdependence- close relationship of
people and their purpose

Defines:
Person- holistic human adaptive system
Health- state and process of becoming integrated
and a whole
Environment- stimulate the person to make
adaptive responses

Environment- totality if the internal and external

forces
Health- equated with wellness
Nursing- unique profession concerned with all
variables

Imogene King

Founder of king international group

Goal Attainment Theory

3 Frameworks
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Personal- how the nurse views

Interpersonal- how the nurse interrelates
Social- how the nurse interact
Action- means of behaviour
Response- reacting
Interaction- deals with the clients

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Open system- absence of boundary

existence
Preposition- if goals are achieved,
satisfaction happens

3 health needs
1. Information
2. Care for illness prevention
3. Total care
Metaparadigm

Hildelgard E. Peplau

Roles of Nurse in Therapeutic Relationship

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Person- existing in open system

Health- ability of person to adjust stressors
Environment- process of balance
Nursing- interacts and communicate with the
client

Theory of Interpersonal Relations

Nursing is therapeutic
Middle Ranged theory

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Stranger- offering the client the same

assistance
Resource- providing specific answers to
questions
Teacher- helping the client to learn
formally or informally
Leader- offering direction
Surrogate- substitute
Counsellor- promoting experience

Metaparadigm
Person- developing organism

Ida Jean Orlando

Deliberative Nursing Process

-motion by the behaviour of patient

5 stages
1. Assessment-completes a holistic
assessment of patients needs
2. Diagnosis- uses clinical judgement
about health problems
3. Planning- problems identified in the
diagnosis
4. Implementation- uses the nursing care
plan
5. Evaluation- looks at the progress of the
patient
Goal: nurse to act deliberately rather than
automatically
Metaparadigm
Human- an individual in need
Health- being without physical or emotional
discomfort
Environment- occurs when theres a nursepatient contact
Nursing- distinct profession

Environment- existing forces

Health- word symbol that implies forward
movement
Nursing- significant therapeutic interpersonal
process

Madeleine Leininger

Culture Care Diversity and Universality

Theory
Mid-range theory

Metaparadigm

Person- caring and capable of being

concerned about basic needs
Environment- Not defined
Nursing- a learned humanistic and
scientific profession focused on human
care phenomena

Professional Nursing Care- formal and

cognitively learned professional care knowledge
Culturally Congruent (Nursing)
Ethnonursing- the study of nursing care beliefs

Transcultural Nursing- evolving knowledge

and practices related to new field

Joyce Travelbee

Human to Human Relationship Model

-an experience or series of experiences
between a nurse and the recipient of his
or her care.

Interactional Phases

Original Encounter- first impression by

the nurse of sick person
Emerging Identities- the time when
relationship begins
Empathy- the ability to share in the
persons experience
Sympathy- the nurse wants to lessen the
cause of patients suffering
Rapport- describes as nursing
interventions

Metaparadigm
Person- human being
Health- subjective and objective
Environment- human condition and life
experiences encountered by the patient
Nursing- interpersonal process