GREEN CLOUD

By Sphoorthy

WHAT IS CLOUD COMPUTING?

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Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, ondemand network access to a shared pool of configurable
computing resources like networks, servers, storage,
applications, and services.

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WHAT IS GREEN COMPUTING?

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Green computing is the environmentally responsible and

eco-friendly use of computers and their resources. In broader
terms, it is also defined as the study of designing,
manufacturing or engineering, using and disposing of
computing devices in a way that reduces their environmental
impact.
Green Cloud computing is envisioned to achieve not only
efficient processing and utilization of computing
infrastructure, but also minimize energy consumption.

Cloud Advantages

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Reduce spending on technology infrastructure. Maintain easy access to

information with minimal upfront spending. Pay as you go based on
demand.
Globalize your workforce on the cheap. People worldwide can access
the cloud, provided they have an Internet connection.
Streamline processes. Get more work done in less time with less people.
Reduce capital costs. Theres no need to spend big money on hardware,
software or licensing fees.
Improve accessibility. You have access anytime, anywhere, making your
life so much easier!
Minimize licensing new software. Stretch and grow without the need to
buy expensive software licenses or programs.
Improve flexibility. You can change direction without serious financial
issues at stake.

Dark side of Cloud

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Gartner Report 2007: IT industry contributes 2% of world's

total CO2 emissions

U.S. EPA Report 2007: 1.5% of total U.S. power

consumption used by data centers which has more than
doubled since 2000 and costs $4.5 billion

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Why is green computing needed in cloud?

Cloud Data Centers consume excessive amount of energy:
According to a report on Revolutionizing Data Center
Energy Efficiency :
A typical data center consumes as much energy as
25,000 households.
The total energy bill for data centers in 2010 was over
$11 billion and energy costs in a typical data center
doubles every five years.

Clouds Impact on the Environment

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Data centers are not only expensive to maintain, but also

unfriendly to the environment.
Carbon emission due to Data Centers worldwide is now
more than both Argentina and the Netherlands emission.
High energy costs and huge carbon footprints are
incurred due to the massive amount of electricity needed
to power and cool the numerous servers hosted in these
data centers.

Performance Energy Efficiency

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As energy costs are increasing while availability decreases,

there is a need to shift focus from optimising data center
resource management for pure performance alone to
optimising for energy efficiency while maintaining high
service level performance.

Cloud Providers Measures

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Cloud service providers need to adopt measures to ensure that

their profit margin is not dramatically reduced due to high
energy costs.

Amazon.coms estimate the energy-related costs of its data

centers amount to 42% of the total budget that include both
direct power consumption and the cooling infrastructure
amortized over a 15-year period.

Google, Microsoft, and Yahoo are building large data

centers in barren desert land surrounding the Columbia
River, USA to exploit cheap hydroelectric power.

Green Cloud Computing Architecture

Consumers
(or their
Brokers)

Green
Service
Allocator

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Broker

Green
Negotiator

Service
Analyzer

Consumer
Profiler

Pricing

Energy
Monitor

Service
Scheduler

VM
Manager

Accounting

Virtual
Machines
(VMs)

Consumer
Interface
Cloud
Interface

QoS and
energy-based
provisioning

Cloud Service
Provider

Cloud Service
Provider

Physical
Machines
Power Off

Power On

Power On

Cloud Infrastructure

Power Off

Cloud Service
Provider

User: Green Broker

A typical Cloud broker
Lease Cloud services
Schedule applications
Green Broker
1st layer: Analyze user requirements
2nd layer: Calculates cost and carbon footprint
of services
3rd layer: Carbon aware scheduling

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Provider: Green Middleware

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Case Study: IaaS Cloud

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Carbon Emission Directory: Stores all carbon emission rates

for each IaaS provider
Green Offer Directory: Receives number of VMs that can be
initiated at a particular time for maximum energy efficiency
Green Broker: Computes schedule with the lowest carbon
emission based on application requirements

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Green Offer & Carbon Emission Directory

Carbon Emission Directory
Contains data on Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE), cooling
efficiency, carbon footprint, network cost
Helps user to select cloud services with minimum carbon footprint
Incentive for providers
Advertising tool to increase the market share, e.g. Google
Require more carbon transparency from providers
Government role by enforcing policies such as Carbon Tax
Green Offer Directory
Incentive for users
Choosing more carbon efficient hours
Lists services with their discounted prices and green hours

Conclusion

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Clouds are essentially Data Centers hosting application

services offered on a subscription basis. However, they
consume high energy to maintain their operations.
high operational cost + environmental impact
Presented a Carbon Aware Green Cloud Framework to
improve the carbon footprint of Cloud computing.
Open Issues: Lots of research to be carried out for
Maximizing Efficiency of Green Data Centers and Developing
Regions to benefit the most.

THANK YOU !!!!