FrequencyHopping

Techniques

AnzaRabbani
RFPlanning

Overview

BasebandHopping
SynthesizerHopping
CurrentFrequencyHoppingTechniqueusedinTelenorPakistan

Frequencyhoppinginthebasestationscanbeimplementedineitherof
twoways:
BasebandhoppingorSynthesizerhoppingtechnique

BASEBANDHOPPING

EachtransmitteroperatesonafixedfrequencysothatadedicatedTRXis
neededforeachfrequency.

Usecombinerwhichhasupto16inputs,makesthecombinerpossibleto
usemanyTRXswithouthavingtoconnectseveralcombinersincascade,
butcallscanbedropped,ifasingleTRXfails.

Usesasmanytransmitterasfrequenciesinthehoppingsequence.

Possibletousemanytransceiverswithonecombiner.

RoutingofburstsfromtheTRXtothetransmitterat
basebandhopping

EachframeofeighttimeslotsisinputtoadifferentRFUandso toa
differentfrequency.Inthiswaythetransceiversdonotneedto retune
todifferentfrequencies,buteachchanneleffectivelyhopsover the
availablefrequencies.

DigitalRadioCodecandControl

RadioFrequencyUnit

Burstsroutingatbasebandhopping

TRX 1

TRX 2
TRX 3
TRX 4

TRX n

ExampleofBasebandHopping
SupposethatabasestationcontainingfourTRXssoonlyfourfrequencies
canbedefinedatcell1as:
TRX1.75 (BCCH)
TRX2.78(TCH)
TRX3.81(TCH)
TRX4 84(TCH)

CELL 1
75

BCCH

78
CELL 3
81
84
CELL 2

TCH

ChannelConfigurationforFourTransceiversandBaseband
FrequencyHopping

ThreeHoppingFrequencySets(HFS)aredefined:
HFS1={f0}
HFS2={f1,f2,f3}
HFS3={f0,f1,f2,f3}

SynthesizerHopping

TRXoutputchangesthefrequencyateachburst.

Theburstsaresentstraightonforward andnotroutedbythebus.

Eachtransmitteroperatesonanumberoffrequencieswhicharearranged
intheformoflist.

Transmittercanuseuselargenumberofavailablefrequencies.

NumberofTransmitterscanbelessthanthenumberoffrequencies.

Appliedonalltrafficandsignalingchannels,exceptforthebroadcast
commoncontrolchannel(BCCH),whichmusttransmitonafixed
frequencyinordertomakepossiblecorrectRXLEVmeasurements.

RoutingofburstsfromtheTRXtothetransmitterat
synthesizerhopping

WithSynthesizerHopping,eachRFUwithinatransceiverretunesto
adifferentfrequencytransmittingaframe.

DigitalRadioCodecandControl

RadioFrequencyUnit

ImprovementonSystemPerformance

Droppedcallreduction.
Increaseofthereceivedmeanlevel.
Possibilityofusingtighterschemes(like1/3)providinghigher capacity.
Nodegradationofaudioquality.

CurrentFrequencyHopping
TechniqueusedinTelenorPakistan

InTelenortheSynthesizerHoppingTechniqueisusedforinterference
averaging.
UsingsynthesizerHopping,Fractionalloadcalculationisimportant
whilecreatingMAListwhichrepresentsthelistofhopping
frequencies.
Fractionalloadcanbecalculatedas
Fractionalload=no.ofTRXs
no.offrequencies

Betteraveragingofinterferencecanbeachievedbyassigningmore
hoppingfrequenciestoacell.

EachTRXinSynthesizerHoppingisassignedasetofhopping
frequenciesMAList,aMobileAllocationIndexOffset(MAIO)and a
HoppingSequenceNumber(HSN)andMAIOstep.
DifferentMAListsareusedinthenetworkdependingonfrequency
band,numberofradiosandquality

FrequencyRange900Islamabad
Region

FrequencyRange900AJK
Region

ForIslamabad6379
ARFCNrangeisused
forBCCH.
ForAJKRegion7790
ARFCNrangeisused
forBCCH.
BCCHisnonhopping.

FrequencyRange1800Islamabad
Region

FrequencyRange1800AJK
Region

MALIST:
1.
2.

100 [587,588,.,626]
105 [587,588,.,618]

TheMAIstateswhich
frequencyhastobeusedfor
eachburst

HSN(HoppingSequenceNumber):TheHSNisusedtochoosethe
hoppingsequence,valuescanbe0to63.Value0definescyclichopping,
allothervaluesgeneratearandomsequence.

MAIO(MobileAllocationIndexOffset):Definesthestartingfrequency
thetransmissionwillstartonwithinthehoppingsequence.
Thevaluecanbe0toN1
whereNisthenumberofallocatedfrequencies.

FN(FrameNumberOffset):ThisnumbercountstheTDMAframes
FN_MAX.

SameHSNandthesameFNbutdifferentMAIOneverusethesame
frequencyatthesametime.

Example
AssigningMAIOto3sectorsiteTRXs
0

81

82

83

84

85

86

81

82

83

84

85

86

81

82

83

84

85

86

N=6,HSN=3,MAIO=2

81

82

83

84

85

86

81

82

83

84

85

86

MAIO=2

N=6,HSN=3,MAIO=4
0

81

82

83

84

85

86

81

82

83

84

85

86

MAIO=4