TUGASAN POWERPOINT :

SKPD1023
TEKNOLOGI MAKLUMAT UNTUK SAINS SOSIAL
TAJUK:
HISTORY OF PRE AZTEC IN AMERICAN SOCIETIES
PENSYARAH:
DR MOHAMMAD AZUL BIN MOHAMMAD SALEH
DISEDIAKAN OLEH:
NOOR EMIRA KHAIRANEY BINTI NOR ASRAD

HISTORY OF PRE AZTEC

IN AMERICAN SOCIETIES

AZTEC HISTORY VIDEO

CLICK HERE

http://facstaff.gpc.edu/~shale/humanities/literature/world_literature/classprojects/mexico/mayat4.jpg

What were the most significant

characteristics of Olmec and
other pre-Aztec Central American
societies?

http://lh5.ggpht.com/_VfMUo-Vczeo/RuQmEau3haI/AAAAAAAADpY/yTUIgmoS7Ns/DSC_0571.JPG

Pre-Aztec Central American

societies
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/BlankMap-World.png

There were many pre-Aztec

people/societies that existed
in Central America such as:

Olmec (c 1750-400 BCE)

Maya (c 200-850 CE)
Mixtec & Zapotec
Toltec (c 900-1250 CE)
http://www.freeworldmaps.net/northamerica/mexico/mexico.jpg

http://famouswonders.com/wp-content/gallery/teotihuacan/pyramid-of-the-sun-from-pyramid-of-the-moon.jpg

Agricultural-based Economy
c 15000-13000 BCE

Small hunting and gathering tribes migrated to

North America.
Within a few thousand years people had
spread to the southern-most tip of South
America.

c 8000 BCE

Food became scarce due to climate change

and over-hunting, forcing people to either fish
and hunt smaller game or take up agriculture.

c 2000 BCE

The bulk of the Mesoamerican economy

rested on the cultivation of basic crops.
http://www.cse.unsw.edu.au/~rkwok/photos/2003_Mexico/Teotihuacan_mooon_pyramid01.jpg

Agricultural-based Economy
Basic produce cultivated by pre-Aztec Mesoamericans included:

Maize
Chili peppers
Squash
Beans
Avocados
Tomatoes
Gourds
Possibly fruit trees
http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2321/2489191297_826bd78015.jpg

http://www.cse.unsw.edu.au/~rkwok/photos/2003_Mexico/Teotihuacan_mooon_pyramid01.jpg

City-States and the Centrality of

Religion

http://2012istheend.com/images/mayan_city.jpg

Sustainable
agriculture lead to
further population
growth triggering
the development of
large cities and
city-states
centralised by
religion
http://www.travelblog.org/Gallery/47467/l/29787.jpg

Olmec Cities
The three main Olmec cities
San Lorenzo (c 1200-800 BCE)
La Venta (c 800-400 BCE)
Tres Zapotes (c 400-100 BCE)
Were not true city-states but
they were run religiously and
centred around main religious
pyramids and temples just as
later city-states were

http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/egipto/fingerprintgods/images/finger21.gif

http://www.travelblog.org/Gallery/47467/l/29787.jpg

Teotihuacn
Teotihuacn (c 200 BCE
800 CE) was one of the
largest and most successful
city-states to have ever
existed

http://latravesia.files.wordpress.com/2008/11/teot51.jpg

At its peak it was estimated

to have had a population of
around 125, 000 250, 000
and to have covered over
twelve square miles of land

http://www.travelblog.org/Gallery/47467/l/29787.jpg

Teotihuacn
Marketplace

Main thoroughfare

Pyramid of the Moon

Temples and residential blocks

Pyramid of the Sun

http://www.world-mysteries.com/teot_map.gif
http://www.travelblog.org/Gallery/47467/l/29787.jpg

Mathematics, Astronomy & Writing

One of the most defining
characteristics of pre-Aztec
Mesoamerican culture was
the intense study and
advanced application of
mathematics and astronomy
These two subjects were
studied mostly by highly
educated priests and mainly
for religious and divining
purposes

http://www.azteccalendar.com/images/aztec_calendar_small.png

http://facstaff.gpc.edu/~shale/humanities/literature/world_literature/classprojects/mexico/mayat4.jpg

Mathematics, Astronomy & Writing

The Olmecs
http://beyondthetenth.com/glyph.jpg

Many have suspected that the

Maya were responsible for the
first concept and representation
of zero, however, there was
evidence of its use by the
Olmecs before them
Zero was significant as it allowed
the use of large numbers and
made it possible to work with
difficult calculations
The Olmecs also devised the
beginnings of a writing system
as well as an astrologically
based calendar
http://www.elbalero.gob.mx/images_kids/news/maya.jpg
http://facstaff.gpc.edu/~shale/humanities/literature/world_literature/classprojects/mexico/mayat4.jpg

Mathematics, Astronomy & Writing

The Maya
While the Maya were not the
first to study Maths and
Astronomy, they certainly did
improve upon it
The Maya created a system of
writing that was more advanced
that that used by the Aztecs
They also created an extremely
accurate calendar that was
even more precise than any
calendar system used by
Europeans at the time
http://www.talariaenterprises.com/images3/6067a.jpg

http://facstaff.gpc.edu/~shale/humanities/literature/world_literature/classprojects/mexico/mayat4.jpg

Mathematics, Astronomy & Writing

The Maya Mayan Writing

The Mayan writing system was

one of, if not, the most
advanced writing systems used
in Mesoamerica in pre-Aztec
and Aztec times
This was due to the fact that its
hieroglyphs were both
ideographic and phonetic
Mayan hieroglyphs also
became more phonetic over
time
http://www.utlm.org/images/newsletters/107p11mayanwritingsample.gif

http://facstaff.gpc.edu/~shale/humanities/literature/world_literature/classprojects/mexico/mayat4.jpg

Mathematics, Astronomy & Writing

The Maya Mayan Calendar
Mayan calendar was one
of the most accurate
calendars in existence
until about the 17th century
CE
Based on a 365 day solar
year and a 260 day ritual
year which were repeated
and renewed in fifty-two
year cycles
http://www.recklessreality.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/mayan.gif
http://facstaff.gpc.edu/~shale/humanities/literature/world_literature/classprojects/mexico/mayat4.jpg

Neolithic Technology

http://www.the-book-of-mormon.com/mayan-pottery-chama-valley.jpg

Despite advanced knowledge of

math, astronomy and written
language, pre-Aztec technology
was relatively neolithic
The wheel was used in things like
pottery but not used in any
methods of transport or agriculture
Some metals were utilised but only
decoratively and not in any
practical way e.g. to make
weapons or tools
Most tools and weapons at the time
were either made of obsidian and
other types of stone and
sometimes animal bone

http://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/sharemed/targets/images/pho/t025/T025099A.jpg
http://www.cse.unsw.edu.au/~rkwok/photos/2003_Mexico/Teotihuacan_mooon_pyramid01.jpg

Mesoamerican Engineering
Neolithic tools and transport
without the wheel did not seem
to stop Mesoamericans from
achieving amazing feats of
engineering
They managed to transport
huge blocks of stone and other
materials across water on rafts
They then manoeuvred these
objects into position using
clever engineering devices in
order to build solid stone
structures up to 230ft high

http://www.steppingstonesbelize.com/tikal.jpg

http://www.ufodigest.com/shadowmag/lostcivilizations/head.jpg
http://lh5.ggpht.com/_VfMUo-Vczeo/RuQmEau3haI/AAAAAAAADpY/yTUIgmoS7Ns/DSC_0571.JPG

What were the most significant

characteristics of Olmec and other preAztec Central American societies?
Scientific agriculture and an agriculturally-based
economy
Large religiously centralised cities and city-states
Strict social stratification and gendered labour division
Advanced use of mathematics, astronomy and written
language
The use of neolithic technology and the creation of
engineering marvels
http://famouswonders.com/wp-content/gallery/teotihuacan/pyramid-of-the-sun-from-pyramid-of-the-moon.jpg

THANK YOU..