1.

Lymph Node
i. Blood Artery capillaries Vein at hilum of the LN
ii. Lymph Afferent lymphatics branch at subcapsular space
cortical sinuses medullary sinuses efferent lymphatics (see
lots of lymphocytes in efferent lymphatic) thoracic duct
1. subcapsular sinus: thin walled endothelial cells deep to
capsule, mostly clear and w/o cells, but has some
macrophages/dendritic cells
iii. Lymph fluid: acellular mostly w/ few inflam cells with antigns for
IC presentation
2. LN architecture disrupted in malignancy
3. Follicular structures
i. Germinal Center (Inside) Mantle zone Marginal zone
(spleen)
ii. Nave B cells enter at mantle zone antigen presentation
migrate to germinal center proliferate/somatic hypermutation
migrate to marginal zone or blood (blood for LN)
4. Germinal center
i. Normal reactive, non-neoplastic germinal center: Polarized
ii. Light zone: smaller, less proliferative cells w/ less antigen
stimulation, Centrocytes
iii. Dark zone: larger cells w/ dispersed, delicate chromatin,
moreblastlike, more proliferation, Centroblasts (2-3x larger than
centrocytes), blastoid chromatin pattern)
5. Reactive lymph node follicles
i. Tingible body macrophages:
1. Macros with debris in cytoplasm present at areas of cell
turnover/proliferation in reactive LNs
ii. Follicular dendritic cell
1. stromal element of a LN, form framework for a LN
6. Paracotex
i. T cell dominant, vascular

ii. Lymphocytes enter LN at high endothelial venules (cuboildal

cells) go through cuboidal cells paracortex at paracortex,
dendritic cells present antigens to T cells t cell
expansion/activation
iii. T cell expansion/activation = small lymphocytes
immunoblasts (large, activated, dispersed chromatin, larger,
prominne nucleoli, larger, vacuolated cytoplasm (activated T
cells cd4 helper t cells primarily) leave through efferent
lymphatics
2. Spleen
1. red pulp + white pulp
i. most of parenchyma = red pulp where red blood cells/blood is
filtered
2. white pulp
i. aggregates of light blue cells
ii. T-cell rich ares (periarteriolar lymphoid sheath with mostly T
helper cells)
1. arteriole surrounded by a dense aggregate of small round
blue cells (lymphocytes)
iii. B cell areas = follicles, mimicking LN follicles, only difference is
marginal zone
1. marginal zone cells = more cytoplasm, larger, look more
clear, less purple
3. MALT
1. GI tract, respiratory tracts, oral mucosa, ductal mucosa (salivary,
breasts, etc)
2. filter luminal (gut, ducts, cavities) contents and carries to regional LNs
via efferent lymphatics?
3. Peyers patch
i. in lamina propia just under the epithelium (GI, Bowel)
4. Palasite tonsil
i. lymphoid tissue underneath mucosal surface in oral cavity
5. lung MALT
i. lymphoid tissue underneath respiratory epithelium near
alveoli/bronchiles