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SpringsupportUsedinPiping

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Tableofcontents:

SpringSupport

Gas Pipeline
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1.WhytouseaSpringSupport?
Anylineoperatingathightemperaturemoves
upwards/downwards(dependingonthepipe
configuration)duetothermalexpansion.Anyrigidsupport
providedonsuchalinetendstoliftpipeup/downand
henceremaininactiveduringoperatingconditions.In
suchacaseaflexiblesupport(springs)isprovidedwhich
iscapableoftakingtheloadinalltheoperatingandcold
conditions.
Thespringsupportsprovidescontinuoussupportduring
expansionorcontractionofthepipe.
Thespringsupportbasicallyemploysaspringelement,
whichcangetcompressedorstretchoutdependingupon
thethermalmovementofpipeandthecorresponding
loads.

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1.WhytouseaSpringSupport
2.TypesofSpringSupports
3.Terminology
4.Variableeffortspring
5.TypesofVES/CES
6.SelectionofVariableeffortspring
7.Constanteffortspring
8.SelectionofConstanteffortspring
9.Generalnotesandguidelines
10.Pointstoremember
11.Offshoreapplications
12.Springvendors

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SpringsupportUsedinPiping

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2.TypesofSpringSupports

Dependingontheloadstobeaccommodatedandthemagnitude&directionofthethermal
displacementtobesupported,springsupportsarebroadlyclassifiedas:

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NozzleOrientationDrawing

Variableeffortsprings

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Constanteffortsprings

PipingLayoutDrawingsAbbreviationsand
Legends

Someofthecommonterminologyassociatedwiththeselectionandprocurementofany
Springsarelistedbelow:

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ColdLoad
HotLoad
SpringRate
SpringTravel
LoadVariationorVariation
PrecompressionLength

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3.Terminology

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ColdLoad:Thisreferstotheloadonthespringhangerwhenthesystemisinstandbyor
nonoperatingcondition.
HotLoad:Thisreferstotheactualloadonthespringhangerduringoperatingconditions
SpringRate/Stifness:Thisreferstothespringrate,forceperunitlengthinN/mm,kg/mm,
etc.determinedfromflexibilityanalysis.
SpringTravel:(Installedtooperating):Thisreferstothemaximumverticalmovementofthe
springduetopipingloadsatoperatingconditionsdeterminedfromflexibilityanalysis.
LoadVariationorVariation:Thisreferstotheallowedvariationsbetweenthehotloadand
coldloads.

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PreCompressionLength:Itistheinitialcompressingofthespringforsustainedload.
InstallationHeight=loadedlengthPrecompressionlength

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4.Variableeffortspring

VESbasicallyconsistofaspringwhichcangetcompressedorexpandedaccordingto
thermalmovementofthepipe.However,thismovementcausesincreaseordecreasein
supportingforcedependingonitsstiffness&thisdifferentialloadistransferredtothepipe
Thisloadislessthanthatwouldbewiththerigidsupport.
InVESloadvariationismaintainedgenerallywithin25%.
InVEStheloadsincreaseswithpipemovement.
5.TypesofVES/CES

Hangertype:Inhangertypespringsupport,thepipeishungfromthesecondarysupportusing
hangertypespring,asshown.Clevis,Hangerrod,turnbuckle,pipeclamp,etc.aresomeother
attachmentsassociatedwithsuchasupport.

Bottomsupporttype:Inbottomsupportspring,thepipeisrestingonthetopofthespringload
plate,asshown.ThistypeofspringsupportisalsoknownasCANTypeorFTypespring.

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Hangertypeorbottomsupporttypeisselectedbasedonpipelayoutandthespace
availabilityformounting.

6.SelectionofVariableeffortspring

1.Determinetherequiredeffort&pipemovement(upordown)frominstalledtooperating
condition.
2.Selectthesmallestspringsizefromthevendorcataloguewhichhastheoperatingload
withintheworkingtravel.
3.Ensurethespringselectedcanaccommodatethepresettooperatingtravelwithinthe
workingrange.Thisisdonebymovingup&downthechartfromtheoperatingloadbythe
amountoftravel.

4.Ifthespringselectedcannotaccommodatethemovementtryalargerspringsizeorthe
nexttravelrange.
5.Checkthevariationinsupportingeffortfortheselectedspring.

6.IfthisexceedstheallowablevariationthenchoosethenexttravelrangeandgobacktoStep
3above.
7.Ifthevariationislessthanhalfoftheallowablethenasmallertravelrangemaybe
acceptable.Chooseasmallertravelrangeandgobacktostep4.
8.Ifthevariationexceedstheallowableselectionthenaconstanteffortsupportisrequiredor
possibilityofroutingchangestobestudied.
Example:
Selectavariablespringforthefollowingconditions:
Hotload=307lbs,movement=up,variability=20%maximum
1.Calculatespringrate.
Springrate=hotloadxvariability/movement
=0.20*307/0.5=122.8lbsperinch
2.Findthespringsizecolumnonthesizeandseriesselectionchartwherethehotloadis307
lbs.
(Asize5seriesfig.82fitsthecriteria)
3.Calculatethecoldload.

Coldload=307+(63x0.50)=339lbs.
4.Nowchecktoseeifthehotloadandcoldloadfitintheworkingrangeofsize5seriesfig.82.
Ifso,youhaveselectedtheproperunit.
7.Constanteffortspring

Wheneverloadvariationexceeds25%orexceedsthespecifiedmaximumloadvariation
percentageinavariablehanger,thenaConstantEffortSpringisselected.
InCEStheloadremainsconstantwhenthepipemovesfromitscoldpositiontohotposition.
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Thusirrespectiveoftraveltheloadremainsconstantovercompleterangeofmovement.
Thepipeissupportedbyadroprodconnectedviaturnbuckletotheendoftheleverarm.
Thespringcoilappliesaforcetothetrunnionarmoftheleverwhichtendstopullthelever
armUPagainsttheloadofthepipe.
Thegeometryoftheleverarmprovidesabalancebtwthepipeload&springforce.Thepipe
maythereforemoveduetothermalexpansionwhilebeingsupportedwithanominally
constantforcethroughthistravelrange.

8.SelectionofConstanteffortspring

Determinetheloadtobesupportedbyhangeraswellastheactualtravel,ie.Theactual
verticalmovementofthepipeatthepointofhangerlocation,referloadtraveltable.
Thetotaltravelforconstantsupportsshouldbeequaltoactualtravelplus1or20%
whicheverisgreater.
Afterdeterminingthesize,considerationofavailableroomforsuspendingthepipeand
hangerwillindicatewhetheraverticalorhorizontalhangerisdesirable.
Afterhangersize&designaredetermined,thetypeofconstantsupporttobeuseddepends
uponthephysicalinstallationrequiredbythesuspensionproblem.
Example:
Totaltravel=4and2750lbs
Hangersizewouldbe34
9.Generalnotes&guidelines

Anyreadjustmentofspringelementshallbecarriedoutonlywhenthelineisfullwiththe
fluidoritsequivalentindensitytobalancetheweightofpipingandthepresetloadofspring.
Theadjustmentofhangertypespringelementisdonebyrotatingturnbuckleoradjustment
nutsprovidedinthehangerrod.
Duringhydraulictesting,flushingorchemicalcleaningofthepipeline,thespringmustbe
keptunderlockedconditionorprotectedagainstoverloadingduetoweightoftesting/
flushingfluid,byprovidingtemporary.
Afterreadjustmentitisimportanttocheckwhethersufficientrangeisavailableonscalefor
requiredmovementofthepipeduringoperation.
10.Pointstoremember

Designspringbasedontheinstallationload(operatingload).
Compactnessoftheunits.Installationheightsdesignedtoaminimum.
Duringoccasionalcasethepipemaymovemorethantheoperatingmovement.Insucha
case,ifwechoosemaximumdeflectionrangethespringcannotgetfurthermovementand
thusthespringfails.ToovercomesuchaproblemprovidesCushionRangemeansevenif
inoccasionalcasesthespringmaygetcompressed,sochoosealwaysMIDRANGE.
Initialdesignitselfthespringcannotbedesignedforoccasionalloads(e.g.Seismic,wind
etc.)&movementthenitmaybeanoverdesign.
Forhangingspringsupportthelateralmovements(rodswing)shouldnotexceed4degree.
Forbottomtypesupports,wherehorizontalmovementofmorethanisenvisaged,Teflon
coveredloadpadsshouldbespecified.
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Alwaysmentionthehydrotestload,whileorderingaspring.Thiswillhelpthespringvendor
indesigningthespringlockingarrangement.
Standardinventoryfinish:Hotdipgalvanized.
Coilscomewithaprotectivecoating:
Protectsfromawiderangeofcorrosives.
Doesnotaffecttheflexlifeofthespring.

Supportsarefittedwithnameplatesmarkedwiththeinstallationandoperatingload,support
referencemark,typeanduniqueserialnumber.
11.Offshoreapplications

Flowarmlines(Xmastreetotheproduction/testmanifolds).
Compressors.
WHRU(WasteHeatRecoveryUnits).

12.Springvendors

Sarathi
CarpenterandpatersonLtd
Lisega
Anvil
Bergenpower
PipesupportLtd
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4 COMMENTS
Burt'sBees
February4,2015at8:32pm

Coolarticle,Itwaspractical.
Reply

TALAL
May24,2015at6:10pm

hoewecancalculatethepipeweightonpipesupport
Reply

Pipingengineering
August21,2015at7:46pm

HiTalal,
ForStresscriticallinespipeloadsarecalculatedbasedonstressanalysisin
CeaserIIsoftware.
Reply

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SpringsupportUsedinPiping

jung
March28,2016at8:10am

Coolarticle,Itwaspractical.
Reply

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