ADAMSON UNIVERSITY

Manila
COURSE OUTLINE
PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW
1st Semester, SY 2016-17
M. L. Perete
mlperete@bpclaw.org
PART I
PRELIMINARY TOPICS
A. INTRODUCTION
The Nature and Function of Private International Law
B. JURISDICTION
1. Aspects
a.

Jurisdiction over the subject matter

Kazuhiro Hasegawa and Nippon Engineering Consultants Co.,
Ltd. v. Minoru Kitamura, G.R. No. 149177, November 23, 2007

b.

Jurisdiction over the person

Lavern R. Dilweg, vs. Robert O. Phillips, Inocentes Dineros
and Isaac S. Eceta, G.R. No. L-19596, October 30, 1964
Northwest Orient Airlines, Inc. vs. Court of Appeals and
C.F. Sharp & Company Inc., G.R. No. 112573, February 9,
1995.

c.

Jurisdiction over the res (proceedings in rem and quasi

in rem)
Pennoyer v. Neff, 95 US 714 (1878)in
https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/95/714
Idonah Slade Perkins, vs. Arsenio P. Dizon, Judge of First
Instance of Manila, Eugene Arthur Perkins, and Benguet
Consolidated Mining Company, G.R. No. 46631, November 16,
1939
Lazaro B. Rayray, vs. Chae Kyung lee, G.R. No. L-18176,
october 26, 1966 (cf with Margarita Romualdez-Licaros vs.
Abelardo B. Licaros, G.R. No. 150656, April 29, 2003)
Valmonte and Valmonte vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No.
108538, 22 January 1996
Mullane v. Central Hanover Bank & Trust Co., Tristee, et
al., 399 US 306 (1960) in
https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/339/306
International Shoe Co. vs. Washington, 326 US 310 (1945)in
https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/326/310
Shaffer v. Heitner, 433 US 186 (1977) (include the
concurring and dissenting opinion of Justice Brennan) in

http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?
court=US&vol=433&invol=186

2. Territoriality
a. Extradition as relief
Government of the United States of America, represented by the
Philippine Department of Justice vs. Hon. Guillermo Purganan,
Presiding Judge Regional Trial Court of Manila and Marc Jimenez
a.k.a. Marcio Batacan Crespo, G.R. No. 148571, 24 September 2002

b. Comity as basis for application of foreign law

J. A. Sison, vs. The Board of Accountancy
Ferguzon, G.R. No. L-2529, December 31, 1949

and

Robert

Orr

c. Exceptions to the territoriality principle: long arm statutes

Worldwide Volkswagen Corporation v. Charles Woodson, 444 US
286; 62 L. Ed. 2d 490 (1980)
Hatford Fire Insurance v. California, 509 U.S. 764 (1993); in
https://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/91-1111.ZO.html
(include dissent of Justice Scalia)
In re Estate of Ferdinand Marcos, Human Rights Litigation.
Maximo Hilao, et al., Vicente Clemente, et al., Jaime
Piopongco,
et
al.,
Plaintiffs-Appellees,
v.
Estate
of
Ferdinand Marcos, Defendant-Appellant, 25 F.3d 1467 (No. 9515779
O.C.
No.
MDL-00840,
1996)
in
http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/research/Philippines/Hilao%20v
%20Marcos,%20%2025%20F%203d%201467.pdf
Filartiga v. Pena-Irala, 639 Fed 2d 876 (1980)
Trajano v. Marcos, 125 L. Ed. 2d 661, 113 S.Ct. 2959
Guinto v. Marcos, 654 F. Supp. 276 (S.D. Cal 1986)
3. Court Practice
a. Decline Jurisdiction; Forum non-Conveniens
Heine v. New York Insurance Company, 45 F2d 426 (1940)
In Re: Union Carbide 634 F. Supp. 842 (S.D.N.Y. 1986)
Wing On Company v. Syyap, 64 O.G. 8311 (1967)
Bank of America NT & SA, Bank of America International, Ltd.,
vs. Court of Appeals, Hon. Manuel Padolina, Eduardo Litonjua,
Sr., and Aurelio K. Litonjua, Jr., G.R. No. 120135, March 31,
2003
First Philippine International Bank (Formerly Producers Bank of
the Philippines) and Mercurio Rivera,
vs. Court of Appeals,
Carlos Ejercito, in substitution of Demetrio Demetria, and Jose
Janolo, G.R. No. 115849, January 24, 1996.
Raytheon International, Inc., vs. Stockton W. Rouzie, Jr., G.R.
No. 162894, February 26, 2008

a.1

As opposed to forum shopping

Coca-Cola Bottlers (Phils.), Inc. and Eric Montinola, vs. Social

Security Commission and Dr. Dean climaco, G.R. No. 159323, July
31, 2008
b. Assume Jurisdiction
Apply internal (forum) law, or there exists exception to the
application of foreign law
Apply foreign law; requirement for pleading; if not properly
pleaded
Fleumer v. Hix, 54 Phil 610 (1930)
Philippine Trust Co., v. Bihanan, 106 Phil 997 (1960)
C. APPROACHES TO CHOICE OF LAW
1. Traditional Approach
a. Vested Rights Theory
Gray v. Gray, 87 N.H. 82, 174 A. H. 508 (1934)
Alabama Great Southern R.R. Co. v. Carroll, Supreme Court of
Alabama, 1892 97 Ala. 126, 11 So. 803
b. Local Law Theory
c. Cavers Principles of Preference
2. Modern Approaches
a. Place of the Most Significant Relationship
Home Insurance Co. v. Dick, 281 US 397 (1930)
Alaska Packers Association v. Industrial Accident Commission,
294 US 532 (1935)
Auten v. Auten, 308 N.Y. 155, 124 N.E., 2d 99 (1954)
Haag v. Barnes, 9 N.Y. 2d 554, 175 N.E. 2d 441, 216 N.Y.S. 2d
65 (1961)
Saudi Arabian Airlines, vs. Court of Appeals, Milagros P.
Morada and Hon. Rodolfo A. Ortiz, in his capacity as Presiding
Judge of Branch 89, Regional Trial Court of Quezon City, G.R.
No. 122191 October 8, 1998
b. Interest Analysis
Babcock v. Jackson, 12 N.Y., 2d 473, 240 N.Y.S. 2d 743, 191
N.E. 2d 279 (1963)
All State Insurance Co. v. Hague, 449 US 302 (1981)
Crescent Petroleum, LTD. v. M/V Lok Maheshwari, The Shipping
Corporation of India, and Portserv Limited and/or Transmar
Shipping, Inc., G.R. No. 155014, November 11, 2005
3

c. Comparative Impairment
In Re: Air Crash Disaster Near Chicago, Ill., 644 F. 2d 594.
454 US 818 (1981)
d. Functional Analysis
Milliken v. Pratt, 125 Mass, 374 (1876)
e. Choice-Influencing Considerations
D. CHARACTERIZATION
Salvador H. Laurel v. Ramon Garcia, G.R. No. 92013, 25 July 1990
1. Single-Aspect Method
Article 15, 16 and 17, Civil Code
a. Subject-matter characterization
Gibbs v. Government of the Philippine Islands, 59 Phil. 293
(1933)
b. Substance-Procedure Dichotomy
Grant v. McAuliffe, 41 Cal. 2d 859 (1953)
LWV Construction Corporation, vs. Marcelo B. Dupo, G.R. No. 172342,
July 13, 2009

i.

Statute of Frauds
Marie v. Garrison, 13 Abb. N. Cas. 210 (N.Y. Super. Ct.
1883)

ii.

Statutes of Limitations and Borrowing Statutes

Bournias v. Atlantic Maritime Co., Ltd., 220 F. 2d 152
(2d Cir. 1955)
Cadalin v. POEA Administrator, 238 SCRA 721 (1994)

2. Depecage
Haumschild v. Continental Casualty, 7 Wis. 2d 130, 95 N.W. 2d 814
(1959)
E. RENVOI
1. Approaches and Function
Aznar v. Garcia, 117 Phil. 106, 7 SCRA 95 (1963)
University of Chicago v. Dater, 277 Mich. 653, 270 N.W. 175
(1936)
Philippine Commercial and Industrial Bank, et al., vs. The
Honorable Venicio Escolin, Presiding Judge of the Court of First
Instance of Iloilo, Branch II, et al, G.R. Nos. L-27860 and L27896 March 29, 1974; Testate Estate of the Late Linnie Jane
4

Hodges et al,, vs. Lorenzo Carles, et al., etc., G.R. Nos. L27936 & L-27937 March 29, 1974 (see, concurring opinion, J.
Tehankee)
2. Criticism
Annesley, Davidson v. Annesley, 95 LJ Ch. 404 (1926)
In Re Schneirs Estate, 198 Misc. 1017, 96 N.Y.S. 2d, 652, S.Ct.
N.Y. Co. (1950)
https://books.google.com.ph/books?
id=r8xkje2SFVoC&pg=PA11&lpg=PA11&dq=In+re+Schneider
%27s+Estate+96+N.Y.S.2d+652+(1950)&source=bl&ots=K0gj4NQuQ&sig=PrRBAffLVsw8dMTF2SbdkcUfFB8&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCQQ6AEwBDgKahUK
Ewi92JS8m5fHAhUDGY4KHc_cAqc#v=onepage&q=In%20re%20Schneider's
%20Estate%2096%20N.Y.S.2d%20652%20(1950)&f=false
3. False Conflict
Pfau v. Trent Aluminum Co., 55 NJ 511 (1970)
Paula T. Llorente vs. Court of Appeals and Alicia E. Llorente,
G.R. No. 124371, November 23, 2000
Bellis v. Bellis, 20 SCRA 359 (1968)
F. FOREIGN LAW
1. Proof of foreign law
a. Generally
Philippine Commercial and Industrial Bank v. Escolin 56 SCRA
266 (1974)
Zalamea v. Court of Appeals, 228 SCRA 27 (1993)
In Re Estate of Johnson, 39 Phil. 156 (1918)
b. In administrative bodies
Dumez Company and Trans-Orient Engineers, Inc., vs. National
Labor Relations Commission and Veronico Ebilane, G.R. No.
74495. July 11, 1996
2. Failure To Plead and Prove Foreign Law
a. Foreign law and the duty to establish a prima facie case
Walton v. Arabian American Oil Co., 233 F. 2nd. F4 (1956)
b. Application of Forum Law
i.

Under the theory of acquiescence

Leary v. Gledhill, 8 N.J. 260, 84 A. 2d 725 (1951)

ii.

Processual Presumption
Suntay v. Suntay, 95 Phil 500 (1952) how did the court
apply processual presumption? What is the nature of

probate? Is it procedural? If it is procedural, did the

court have to resort to processual presumption?
Collector of Internal Revenue v. Fisher, 1 SCRA 93 (1961)
Lazaro B. Rayray vs. Chae Kyung Lee, G.R. No. L-18176,
October 26, 1966
Board of Commissioners (CID) v. Dela Rosa, 197 SCRA 858
(1991)
Edi-Staffbuilders International, Inc., vs. National Labor
Relations Commission and Eleazar S. Gran, G.R. No. 145587,
October 26, 2007
3. When Foreign Law Cannot Be Applied
i.

When the foreign law is contrary to an important public policy

of the forum
Pakistan International Airlines Corporation v. Ople, 190 SCRA
1990

ii.

When foreign law is procedural in nature

iii.

Property-related issues

iv.

When foreign claim involves a fiscal or administrative issue

Banco de Brazil, S.A. v. A.C. Israel Community, 190 NE 2d 215
(1965)
Moore v. Mitchell, 30 F. 2d 600, 604 (2nd Cir. 1929)
State ex rel. Oklahoma Tax Commission v. Rodgers, 238 Mo. App,
193 S. W. 2nd 919 (1946)

v.

Laws or Judgment deemed contra bonos mores

vi.

Application of foreign law will work undeniable injustice to

the citizens of the forum

vii.

Foreign law is penal in character

i.

Definition of penal statute

Lorenzo v. Posadas, 64 Phil. 353 (1937)

ii.

Extradition as remedy
Government of the United States of America, etc. vs. Hon.
Guillermo G. Purganan, et al., G.R. No. 148571, 24
September 2002

viii.

Foreign law application will endanger vital interests of the

state
PART II
PERSONAL LAW
A. Nationality
Art. 15, New Civil Code
Ellis v. Republic, 117 Phil. 979, 75 SCRA 962 (1963)
6

Vivo v. Cloribel, 25 SCRA 616 (1968)

1. Determination of Nationality
Article IV, 1987 Philippine Constitution
Hague Convention on Conflict of National Laws
2. Natural-Born Citizens
Talaroc v. Uy 92 Phil 52 (1952)
Co vs. Electoral Tribunal, 199 SCRA 692 (1991)
Aznar v. COMELEC, 185 SCRA 705 (1990)
Maria Jeanette C. Tecson v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 161434, 3 March
2004
3. Citizens by Naturalization
Commonwealth Act No. 473, as amended by R.A. No. 530
a. Qualifications
i.

Residence requirement
Dy v. Republic, 92 Phil 278 (1952)

ii.

Good moral character

Dy Lam Go v. Republic, 5 SCRA 915
Watt v. Republic, 46 SCRA 683 (1972)
Que Tiac v. Republic, 43 SCRA 56 (1971)

iii.

Belief in the principles underlying the Constitution

Lim v. Republic, 18 SCRA 228 (1966)

iv.

Ownership of property, or possession of trade, profession or

lawful occupation
Yu Kian Chie v. Republic, 13 SCRA 282 (1965)
Watt v. Republic, supra.
Palacias v. Vda. De Ramirez 111 SCRA 704 (1982)
Top Weld Manufacturing v. ECED, 138 SCRA 118 (1985)
Packaging Products Corporation v. NLRC, 152 SCRA (1987)
Yap v. Grageda, 121 SCRA 224

v.

Speak and write English or Spanish

Te Chao Ling v. Republic, 97 Phil 1118 (1958)

vi.

Enrollment of children in Philippine schools

Chan Su Hiok v. Republic, 90 Phil. 415 (1951)
7

Yui Kay Guan v. Republic, 108 Phil. 1001 (1960)

Tun Hui v. Republic, L-3354, 25 January 1951
Yap Chun v. Republic, 10 SCRA 30 (1964)
vii.

Others
Chua v. Republic, 12 SCRA 51 (1964)
Go Kem Lin v. Republic, 14 SCRA 225 (1965)
Ciao Kun v. Republic, 17 SCRA 144 (1966)
b. Disqualifications
i.

Burden of Proof
Peng v. Republic, 3 SCRA 573 (1964)
Haou Siong v. Republic, 3 SCRA 629 (1965)

ii.

Moral turpitude
Tak Ng v. Republic, 106 Phil 730 (1959)

c. Procedure
Lim Siong v. Republic, 28 SCRA 687 (1969)
Lim v. Republic, 33 SCRA 338 (1970)
Po Yo Bi v. Republic, 205 SCRA 400 (1992)
Lim Yeo v. Republic, 39 SCRA 199 (1971)
Chua Bon Ceong v. Republic, 39 SCRA 318 (1971)
Que Tiac v. Republic, 43 SCRA 56 (1971)
Tan Chua v. Republic, 19 SCRA 797 (1967)
d. Effect on Spouse and Children
Yao Mun Tek v. Republic, 37 SCRA 55 (1971)
Tan Teng Hen v. Republic, 58 SCRA 500 (1974)
Republic v. Li Yao, 214 SCRA 748 (1992)
4. Dual of Multiple Nationalities/Citizenship
Liechtenstein v. Guatemala 155 International Court of Justice
(ICJ) Reports 4 (1955) [Nottebohm Case]
Oh Hek How v. Republic, 29 SCRA 94 (1969)
Ernesto S. Mercado v. Eduardo Barrios Manzano and COMELEC, G.R.
No. 135083, 26 May 1999
Cirilo R. Valles v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 137000, 9 August 2000
Republic Act No. 9225 (Dual Citizenship Law)

AASJS Member Hector Gumangan Calilung v. The Honorable Simeon

Datumanong, G.R. No. 160869, 11 May 2007
Roseller De Guzman v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 180048, 19 June 2009
Casan Macode Maquiling v. COMELEC, GR No. 195649, 16 April 2013
Mary Grace Natividad S. Poe-Llamanzares Vs. Commission on
Elections and Estrella C. Elamparo/Mary Grace Natividad S. PoeLlamanzares vs. Commission on Elections, et al., G.R. Nos. 221697
& 221698-700, 08 March 2016 (include concurring op., CJ Sereno)
5. Statelessness
1951 Geneva Convention on the Status of Refugees
1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness
Kookooritchkin v. Solicitor General, 81 Phil. 435 (1948)
B. DOMICILE
1. As opposed to residence
Romeo Apolinario Jalosjos v. COMELEC, G.R. 191970, 24 April 2012
Romualdez-Marcos v. COMELEC, 248 SCRA 300 (1995)
Ujano v. Republic 17 SCRA 147 (1996)
2. Kinds of domicile
Mayor Jose Ugdoracion, Jr. v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 179851, 18 April
2008
Velilia v. Posadas, 62 Phil. 624 (1935)
3. Effect of reacquisition of citizenship
Manuel B. Japzon v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 180088, 19 January 2009
4. Choice of domicile
Caraballo v. Republic, 4 SCRA 1055 (1962)
Go Chen and Go Lek v. Collector of Customs of Cebu, 56 Phil 550
(1932)
De la Vina v. Villareal and Geopano, 41 Phil 13 (1920)
C. PERSONAL STATUS/CAPACITY
1. In general
Geluz v. Courts of Appeals, 112 Phil. 696, 2 SCRA 88 (1961)
Continental Steel Manufacturing Corporation v. Hon. Accredited
Voluntary Arbitrator Allan S. Montao, et al., G.R. No. 182836, 13
October 2009
Limjoco v. Intestate Estate of Fragante, 80 Phil. 776 (1948)
2. Governing Law
Recto v. Harden, 100 Phil 427 (1959)
9

3. Absence/Death
Article 390 and 391, New Civil Code
Article 41, Family Code
Republic v. Yolanda Granada, G.R. No. 187512, 13 June 2012
4. Name
Padilla v. Republic, 113 SCRA 789 (1982)
Rommel Jacinto Dantes Silverio v. Republic, G.R. No. 174689, 22
October 2007
Republic of the Philippines v. Jennifer B. Cagandahan, G.R. No.
166676, 12 September 2008
5. Capacity
Insular Government v. Frank, 13 Phil. 236 (1909)

PART III
CHOICE OF LAW PROBLEMS
A.
IN FAMILY RELATIONS
1. Marriage
Article 1, Family Code
Article 15, New Civil Code
Article 220, New Civil Code
2. Extrinsic Validity of Marriage Lex Loci Celebrationis
Article 2, Hague Convention on Celebration and Recognition of
Validity of Marriage
Article 26, Family Code
People v. Mora Dumpo, 62 Phil 246 (1935)

Yao Kee, et al., v. Aida-Sy Gonzales, G.R. No. L-55960, 24

November 1988
Board of Commissioners, et al. v. Hon. Joselito Villarosa,
et al., G.R. No. 95122-23, 31 May 1991
3. Intrinsic Validity of Marriage Lex Nationalii
Article 71, New Civil Code
Articles 26, 35, 36, 37, 38, 52 and 53 Family Code
Article 220. New Civil Code
Sottomayor v. De Barros 47 L.J.P. 23; LR 3PD (1873)
In Re Dalip Singh BIRs Estate, 188 P. 2nd 499 (1948)
4. Effects of Marriage
a. Citizenship
10

Djumantan v. Domingo, 240 SCRA 746 (1995)

b. Property Relations
Article 80, Family Code
5. Divorce
a. Between Filipino Citizens
Tenchavez v. Escano, 15 SCRA 355 (1965)
Soledad L. Lavadia v. Heirs of Juan Luces Luna, G.R. No.
171914, 23 July 2014
b. In Mixed Marriages
Van Dorn v. Romillo, 139 SCRA 139 (1985)
c. Effect of Divorce
Pilapil v. Ibay-Somera, 174 SCRA 653 (1989)
Quita v. Court of Appeals, 300 SCRA 406 (1998)
Edgar San Luis v. Felicidad San Luis, G.R. No. 133743, 6
February 2007
Maria Rebecca Makapugay Bayot v. The Honorable Court of
Appeals, G.R. No. 155635, 7 November 2008
Herald Black Dacasin v. Sharon del Mundo Dacasin, G.R. No.
168785, 5 February 2010
d. Annulment and Declaration of Nullity
Minoru Fujiki v. Maria Paz Galela Marinay, et al., G.R. No.
196049, 26 June 2013
Isidro Ablaza v. Republic of the Philippines, G.R. No. 158298,
11 August 2010
e. Parental Relations
i. Legitimacy
Article 15, New Civil Code
Article 163, 164, 165, Family Code
ii.

Parental Authority

Articles 176, 209, 2011, Family Code

f. Adoption
Republic Act No. 8552
Republic Act No. 8043
Republic of the Philippines v. Court of Appeals, 227 SCRA 401
(1993)
Uggi Lindamand Therkelsen v. Republic, 12 SCRA 400 (1964)

11

Ng Hian v. Collector of Customs, 34 Phil. 248 (1916)

Republic of the Philippines v. Claude Miller, G.R. No. 125932,
21 April 1999
Isabelita S. Lahom v. Jose Melvin Sibulo, G.R. No. 143989, 14
July 2003
B.
IN PROPERTY
1. Rules Applicable
a. Immovable - Lex situs
b. Movable
i.
Lex domicilii
ii. Lex situs/Lex rei sitae
iii. Lex loci actus
iv. Proper law of transfer
c. In the Philippines
Article 16, Civil Code
Manila Gas Corporation v. Collector, 62 Phil. 895 (1936)
Republic of the Philippines v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 108292,
10 September 1993
2. Capacity to Transfer or Acquire Property
Llantino v. Co Liong Chong, 188 SCRA 592 (1990)
Cheesman v. Intermediate Appellate Court, 193 SCRA 93 (1991)
3. Extrinsic and Intrinsic Validity of Conveyances
4. Situs of Certain Properties
a. Personalty for Tax Purposes
Wells Fargo Bank and Union Trust Co. v. Collector, 70 Phil 325
(1940)
The Asia Petroleum (P.I.) Ltd. v. Co Quico, G.R. 46529, 23
January 1940
b. Money
Leon v. Manufacturers Life Insurance Co., 90 Phil. 459 (1951)
c. Debts
Harris v. Balk, 198 US 215, 25 S. Ct. 625, 49 L. Ed. 1023
d. Shares of Stocks
Section 63, Corporation Code of the Philippines
Collector of Internal Revenue v. Anglo California National
Bank, 106 Phil 903 (1960)

12

Gonzalo Chua Guan v. Samahang Magsasaka, Inc., et al., G.R.

No. L-42091, 2 November 1935
e. Patents, Trademarks, Trade Name and Copyright
Western Equipment and Supply Co. v. Reyes, 51 Phil 115 (1927)
Philips Export B.C. v. Court of Appeals, 206 SCRA 457 (1992)
Emerald Garment Manufacturing Corporation v. Court of Appeals,
251 SCRA 600 (1995)
5. Exceptions to the Lex Situs Rule
a. Transaction not affecting transfer of title or ownership
Liljedahl v. Glassgow, 190 Iowa 827, 180 NW 870 (1921)
b. Contracts involving real property as security
c. Testate and intestate succession

C.
IN CONTRACTS
1. In general
Articles 1305, 1315 and 1356, New Civil Code
2. Extrinsic Validity of Contracts
Article 17, New Civil Code
Lex loci celebrationis
Republic of the Philippines v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 108292, 10
September 1993, supra.
Article 1319, New Civil Code
Engel v. Velasco, 47 Phil 115
3. Intrinsic Validity of Contracts
a. Lex Loci Contractus

Zalanea v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 104235, 18 November

1993, 228 SCRA 23
United Airlines, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 124110, 20
April 2001
PCL Shippine Lines, Inc., et al. v. NLRC, et al., G.R. No.
153031, 14 December 2006
b. Lex Loci Solutionis
Macmillan and Bloedel v. T.H. Valderama and Sons, 61 O.G. 1696
(1964)
Philippine Export and Foreign Law Guarantee Corporation v.
V.P. Eusebio Construction, Inc., et al., G.R. No. 140047, 13
July 2004

13

Hasegawa v. Kitamura, supra.

c. Lex Loci Intentionis
Arts. 1306, 1370 and 1371, New Civil Code
Grand v. Livingston, 4 App. Div. 589, 38 NYS 490 (1896)
d. Capacity to Enter into Contracts
Insular Government v. Frank, supra.
e. Choice of Forum Clause
Compagnie De Commerce v. Hamburg Amerika, 36 Phil 590 (1917)
King Mau v. Sycip, 94 Phil 784 (1954)
Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation v. Sherman, 176
SCRA 331 (1980)
Pacific Consultants International Asia, Inc., et al. vs. Klaus
K. Schonfeld, G.R. No. 166920, 19 February 2007
f. Arbitration Clause
Puromines, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, 220 SCRA 281 (1993)
Korea Technologies Co., Ltd. v. Hon. Alberto A. Lerma, et al.,
G.R. No. 143581, 7 January 2008
Heungwa Industry Co. Ltd., v. DJ Builders Corporation, G.R.
No. 169095, 8 December 2008
g. Adhesion Contracts
Saludo v. Court of Appeals, 207 SCRA 498 (1992)
Sweet Lines v. Teves, 83 SCRA 361 (1978)
Pan Am World Airways v. Rapadas, 209 SCRA 67 (1992)
Philippine Airlines v. Court of Appeals, 255 SCRA 48 (1996)
h. Special Contracts
i.

Sales or barter of goods lex situs of the property

ii.

Loan granted by an FI law of permanent place of

business

iii. Loan granted by private individuals/personal loan law

of place where loan is obtained
iv.
v.

Pledge, chattel mortgage or antichresis lex situs for

both extrinsic and intrinsic validity of contracts
COGS

American President Lines, Ltd. v. Klepper, 110 Phil 243

(1960)
vi.

Contracts for International Air Transportation

14

Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating

to International Transportation by Air (Warsaw Convention
of 1929)
Lopez v. Pan Am, 16 SCRA 431 (1965)
KLM Royal Dutch Airlines v. Court of Appeals, 65 SCRA 237
(1975)
Sabena Belgian World Airlines v. Court of Appeals, 255
SCRA 38 (1996)
Northwest Airlines v. Court of Appeals, 284 SCRA 408
(1998)
Santos III v. Northwest Orient Airlines, 210 SCRA 256
(1992)
Edna Diago Lhuillier v. British Airways, G.R. No. 171092,
15 March 2010
i. Limitations to Choice of Law
Manila Resources Development Corporation v. NLRC, 213 SCRA 296
(1992)
Pakistan International Airlines v. Ople, 190 SCRA 99
Commissioner of International Revenue v. United States Lines,
5 SCRA 175 (1962)

C.
IN WILLS, SUCCESSION AND ADMINISTRATION OF ESTATES
Article 783, Civil Code
Osorio v. Posadas, 56 Phil 748 (1929)
1. Extrinsic Validity of Wills
Articles 17 and 815, New Civil Code
Articles 816 and 817, New Civil Code
In Re: Estate of Johnson, 39 Phil 156 (1918)
Article 818, New Civil Code
Dacanay v. Florendo, 87 Phil. 326 (1950)
Article 810
Fernando v. Villalon, 3 Phil 386 (1904)
Babcock Templeton v. Rider Babcock, 52 Phil. 130 (1928)
2. Intrinsic Validity of Wills
Article 16, New Civil Code
Miciano v. Brimo, 50 Phil. 867 (1924)
Cayetano v. Leonidas, 129 SCRA 522 (1984)
Alonzo Q. Ancheta v. Candelaria Guersey-Dalaygon, G.R. No.
139868, 08 June 2006

15

3. Interpretation of Wills
Articles 1370, 1371, 1375, New Civil Code
Article 788, New Civil Code
Yambao v. Gonzales, 1 SCRA 1157 (1961)
4. Revocation of Wills
Articles 828, 830 New Civil Code
Manahan v. Manahan, 58 Phil 448 (1933)
5. Probate
Article 817, New Civil Code
Suntay v. Suntay, 95 Phil 500 (1954)
Vda. De Perez v. Tolete, 232 SCRA 722 (1994)
Manuel Miguel Palaganas, et al. v. Ernesto Palaganas, G.R. No.
169144, 26 January 2011
6. Administration of Estates
Leon and Ghezzi v. Manufacture Life Insurance Co., 90 Phil. 495
(1951)
Tayag v. Benguet Consolidated Inc., 26 SCRA 242 (1968)
D.
IN TORTS AND CRIMES
1. Lex Loci Delicti Commissi
Alabama Great Southern Railroad v. Carroll, 97 Ala. 126, 11 So.
803 (1892)
Loucks v. Standard Oil Co., 224 NY 99; NE 198 (1913)
Saudi Arabian Airlines v. Court of Appeals, et al., supra.
2. Modern Theories on Foreign Tort Liability
a. The Most Significant Relationship
Babcock v. Jackson, 12 NY 2d 473; 240 NYS 2d 743; 191 NE 2d
279 (1963)
Bernabe L Navida, et al. v. Hon. Teodoro A. Dizon, et al.,
G.R. No. 125078, 30 May 2011
b. Interest Analysis
c. Cavers Principles of Preference
Schmidt v. Driscoll Hotel, 249 Minn. 376, N.W. 2d 365 (1957)
3. Foreign Tort Claims
a. Conditions for the Enforcement of Tort Claims
b. Products Liability of the Foreign Manufacturer

16

Asahi Metal Industry Co. v. Superior Court of California, 480

US 102 (1987)
Societe Nationale Industrialle Aerospatiale v. Lee Kui Jak,
1987 AC 871
c. Libel
Time, Inc. v. Reyes, et al., 39 SCRA 303 (1971)
4. Lex Loci Delicti in Criminal Acts
Art. 14, New Civil Code
(a)

Sovereign Immunity
United States of America v. Guinto, 182 SCRA 644 (1990)
M.H. Wylie v. Rarang, 209 SCRA 357 (1992)
Liang (Huefeng) v. People of the Philippines, G.R. No.
125865 (2000)
Deutsche Gesellschaft FR Technische Zusammenarbeit, etc. v.
Honorable Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No. 152318, 16 April
2009
China National Machinery Equipment Corp. v. Hon. Cesar D.
Santamaria, et al., G.R. No. 185572, 7 February 2012
Suzette Nicolas y Sombilon v. Alberto Romulo, et al., G.R.
No. 175888, 11 February 2009

(b)

Crimes Committed in a foreign vessel

Article 27, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
US. v. Fowler, 1 Phil 614
People v. Wong Cheng, 46 Phil. 729 (1922)
US v. Look Chaw, 18 Phil. 573 (1910)

(c)

Crimes committed by Philippine nationals abroad

Article 2, Revised Penal Code

PART IV
CHOICE OF LAW AFFECTING CORPORATIONS AND OTHER JURIDICAL ENTITIES
A.
CORPORATIONS
1. Personal Law of Corporations
Arts. 2, 123, Corporation Code
M.E. Gray v. Insular Lumber Company, 67 Phil. 139 (1939)
Bank of Augusta v. Earle, 38 US (13 Pet.) 519 (1839)
Marshall Wells Co. v. Elser, Co., 46 Phil. 71 (1924)
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2. Exceptions to the Rule of Incorporation Test

(a)

Constitutional and Statutory Restrictions

Article XII, Sections 2 and 10, 1987 Constitution
Pedro Palting v. San Jose Petroleum, Inc., 18 SCRA 924
(1966)

(b)

Control Test
i. In general
Wilson Gamboa v. Finance Secretary Margarito Teves, et al.,
G.R. No. 176579, 28 January 2011
ii. During War
Filipinas Compania De Seguros v. Christern, Huenefeld &
Co., Inc. 89 Phil 54 (1951)

3. Domicile or Residence of Foreign Corporations

Article 51, New Civil Code
State Investment House, Inc. v. Citibank, N.A., 203 SCRA 9 (1991)
4. Jurisdiction over Foreign Corporations
(a)

Service of Summons
Sections 125, 126, 127, 128 and 129, Corporation Code
Northwest Airlines v. Court of Appeals, 241 SCRA 192 (1995)
Avon Insurance PLC, et al. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No.
97642, 29 August 1997

(b)

Right to Bring Suit

Section 133, Corporation Code
Home Insurance Company v. Eastern Shipping Lines, 123 SCRA
242 (1983)
i. Not doing business; Isolated Transactions
Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Japan Air Lines, Inc.
202 SCRA 450 (1991)
Cargill, Inc. v. Intra Strata Assurance Corporation, G.R.
No. 168266, 15 March 2010
Steelcase, Inc. v. Design International Selections, Inc.,
G.R. No. 171995, 18 April 2012
ii. Agreements fully transacted outside of the Philippines
Hang Lung Bank, Ltd. v. Saulog, 201 SCRA 137 (1991)
B. Van Zuiden Bros., Ltd. v. GTVL Manufacturing Industries,
Inc., G.R. No. 147905, 28 May 2007
iii. Action to protect trademark, tradename, goodwill,
patent or for unfair competition

18

Converse Rubber Corp. v. Jacinto Rubber and Plastic Co.,

Inc., 97 SCRA 158 (1980)
Leviton Industries v. Salvador, 114 SCRA 420 (1982)
Philip Morris, Inc., et al. v. Fortune Tobacco Corporation,
G.R. No. 158589, 27 June 2006
iv. Action merely corollary defense
Time, Inc. v. Reyes, supra.
Philippine Columbia Enterprises Co. v. Lantin, 39 SCRA 376
(1971)
v. Estoppel
Rimbunan Hijau Group of Companies and Niugini Lumber
Merchants
PTY.,
LTD.,
v.
Oriental
Wood
Processing
Corporation, G.R. No. 152228, 23 September 2005
(c)

Revocation of License
Sections 134 and 135, Corporation Code

(d)

Effect of Failure to Secure License

Merril Lynch Futures, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, 211 SCRA
824 (1992)
Granger Associates v. Microwave Systems, Inc., 189 SCRA 631
(1990)

5. Derivative Jurisdiction
Frummer v. Milton Hotels, International, Inc. 19 NY 2d 533; 227
NE 2d 851 (1967)
Taca International Airlines v. Rolls Royce of England, Ltd., 15
NY 2d 97; 204 NE 2d 329 (1965)
6. Special Corporations
(a)

Religious Societies
Register of Deeds of Rizal v. Ung Siu Si Temple, 97 Phil 58
(1955)

(b)

Corporation Sole
Section 110, Corporation Code
Roman Catholic Apostolic Administrator of Davao v. Land
Registration Commissioner, 102 Phil. 596 (1957)

7. Partnerships
Article
Article
Article
Article

1767, New Civil Code

51, New Civil Code
1776, New Civil Code
1843, New Civil Code

King v. Sarria, 69 NY 24 (1877)

Riverside and Dan River Cotton Mills v. Menaefee, 237 US 189
(1915)
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PART X
FOREIGN JUDGMENTS
1. Bases of Recognition and Enforcement
Priscilla C. Mijares, et al. v. Hon. Santiago Javier Ranada, G.R.
No. 139325, 12 April 2005
Gerbert R. Corpuz v. Daisylyn Tirol Sto. Tomas, et al., G.R. No.
186571, 11 August 2010
2. Requisites for Recognition or Enforcement
(a)

Tribunals jurisdiction
Northwest Orient Airlines, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, et
al., 241 SCRA 192 (1995)
Noudard v. Tait, 67 Phil 170 (1939)
Ramirez v. Gmur, 42 Phil 855 (1918)
Borthwick v. Castro, 152 SCRA 229 (1987)
St. Aviation Services, Co., PTE Ltd. v. Grand International
Airways, Inc., G.R. No. 140288, 23 October 2006

(b)

Judgment must be valid under the laws of the court that

rendered it

(c)

Judgment must constitute res judicata in another action

Querubin v. Querubin, 87 Phil 124 (1950)

(d)

Reciprocity
Cowans, et al. v. Teconderoga Pulp & Paper Co., 219 NYS 284
(1927)

(e)

Foreign judgment must not be contrary to public policy or

good morals of country where enforced
Querubin v. Querubin, supra.
Gil Miguel T. Puyat v. Ron Zabarte, G.R. No. 141536, 26
February 2001

20