B
C
1.
cos(ln q)
2.
1
x - ,
2
5.
1.
1.
7.
13.
19.
25.
1.
7.
13.
f, {(1, 1)}
F
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(d)
(c)
(d)
(a, b, c, d)
2.
2.
8.
14.
20.
26.
2.
8.
14.
F
(a)
(b)
(d)
(a)
(b)
(b, c)
(b)
(a, c)
2.
4.
11.
2x + 4 y - p = 0
1
1
0 , ; -, - 0,
2
2
3.
9.
15.
21.
27.
3.
9.
(c)
(a)
(d)
(d)
(a)
(c)
(b, d)
c-
6.
4.
10.
16.
22.
28.
4.
10.
1
4
(b)
(c)
(b)
(a)
(b)
(a)
(b, c)
ud
9.
3.
x0
4.
abe
5.
11.
17.
23.
29.
5.
11.
(d)
(b)
(a)
(c)
(c)
(a, b, c)
(a, b)
6.
12.
18.
24.
30.
6.
12.
(d)
(d)
(c)
(a)
(c)
(a, c)
(b, c, d)
10. (0, 0)
v2 - u2
3 3
12. l - , 0 0,
2 2
14. (0, 2)
2x + 4y + 3p = 0
7
5
and max. at x = 1
10
sq. units
3
3 3 2
r
4
f is min at x =
16.
19.
6 + p :6
3
2
20. x + x - x + 2
21. x + 2 y = 2 or x - 2 y = - 2
22.
x + y =1
1
-3
, c =3
24. a = - , b =
2
4
25.
4 3
sq. units
9
26. 2 kh
27.
28.
1
1
2
min at x = (b + b 2 - 1) , max at x = (b - b - 1)
4
4
31.
a=
35.
(2, 1)
1.
(A) p (B) r
1.
(c)
2.
(a)
3.
(a)
4.
(c)
5.
(b)
6.
(d)
7.
(c)
1.
(7)
2.
(0)
3.
(9)
4.
(1)
5.
(5)
6.
(9)
7.
(9)
15.
18.
-2 a
29. ,
a 3
1
1
5
-5
,b=
, c = 2 , f ( x) = x2 - x + 2
4
4
4
4
32. xy = 1
42. 4 65
41. y = 2
43. 6
(b) 2.
(a) 3.
(d) 4.
(a) 5.
(b) 6.
(d) 7.
(d) 8.
(a) 9.
13. (c) 14. (c) 15. (d) 16. (c) 17. (a) 18. (b) 19. (b) 20. (a) 21. (c) 22. (c) 23. (d)
24. (a) 25. (c) 26. (b) 27. (b) 28. (c) 29. (b) 30. (c) 31. (a)
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1.
A=
p
< ln q < ln p / 2
2
cos (p/2) < cos (ln q) < cos (ln p/2)
[Q cos is increasing in IV quad]
cos
(ln
q)
>
0
....... (1)
ln (cos q) 0
From (1) and (2) we get, cos (ln q) > ln (cos q)
\ cos (ln q) is larger.
2.
3.
b sin q
ae
- ae
1
| -b sin q(ae + ae) |= abe | sin q |
2
| sin p | 1
\ Amax = abe
The given curve is C : y3 3xy + 2 = 0
Differentiating it with respect to x, we get
....... (2)
3 y2
dy
dy
- 3x - 3 y = 0
dx
dx
dy
y
=
dx - x + y 2
Slope of tangent to C at point (x1, y1) is
y1
dy
=
dx - x1 + y12
y = 2 x 2 - ln | x |
1 (2 x + 1) (2 x - 1)
dy
= 4x - =
dx
x
x
Critical points are 0, 1/2, 1/2
1 1
Clearly f (x) is increasing on - , 0 , and
2 2
dy
= 0 y1 = 0
dx
For y1 = 0 in C, we get no value of x1
\ There is no point on C at which tangent is horizontal
\ H= f
1
1
f (x) is decreasing on -, - 0, .
2 2
dy 1
=
dx 0
1
-x
-1 =
1+ x
1+ x
We observe that,
f ( x ) =
- x1 + y12 = 0 x1 = y12
y13 = 1 y1 = 1 x1 = 1
\ There is only one point (1, 1) at which vertical tangent
can be drawn
\ V = {(1, 1)}
x 0 f ( x) f (0)
log(1 + x ) - x 0 log(1 + x) x
TRUE / FALSE :
a cos q
5.
1
2
y2
b2
P (acosq, bsinq)
1.
2.
F2 (ae, 0) O
F1(ae, 0)
1
log a x
1
, where loga x = y
y
2
1
1
Q y+ = y +22
y
y
But equality holds when y = 1
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3
\
\
1
> 2 gmin cannot be 2.
y
y+
\
\
f min cannot be 2.
Statement is false.
cos q
( x - a(cos q + q sin q))
sin q
y sin q a sin2 q + a sin q cos q
= x cos q + a cos2 q + a q sin q cos q
x cos q + y sin q = a
As q varies inclination is not constant.
\ (a) is not correct.
Clearly does not pass through (0, 0).
y a (sin q q cos q) = -
1.
2.
y
a
5.
6.
For max/min, dA = 0
dx
d A
dx 2
2 d 2 - x2
f ( x) =
=
ln(p + x)
ln(e + x)
1
1
ln(p + x )
ln(e + x) (e + x )
p + x
[ln( e + x )]2
( e + x) ln(e + x) - (p + x ) ln(p + x)
(e + x)( p + x ) (ln( e + x)) 2
A is max at x = d / 2 then y = d / 2
\ f (x) decreases on (0, ) .
D is isosceles for max. area.
8.
(b) Let y = x25 (1 x)75
dy
(c) dx = a(- sin q + sin q + q cos q) = a q cos q (1)
= 25 x 24 (1 - x )75 - 75 x 25 (1 - x )74
dq
dx
= 25x24 (1 x)74 (1 x 3x)
dy
= a(cos q - cos q + q sin q) = a q sin q (2)
= 25x24 (1 x)74 (1 4x)
dq
Dividing (2) by (1), we get
dy
For maximum value of y,
=0
dy
dx
(slope of tangent)
= tan q
dx
x = 0, 1, 1/4, x = 1/ 4 (0,1)
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\
\
3.
(b) We have f ( x) =
(-2 x).(d 2 - 2 x 2 )
-8d d
+0
.
d A
2 2
At x = d / 2,
=
= -ve
dx 2 4(d 2 - d 2 / 2)
2
7.
2 d -x
4(d 2 - x 2 )
dy
= 0 at x = 1 and 2
dx
a
+ 2bx + 1 = 0 or 2bx2 + x + a = 0
x
has 1 and 2 as its roots.
\ 2b 1 + a = 0
(1)
8b + 2 + a = 0
(2)
Solving (1) and (2) we get a = 2, b = 1/2.
(d) For y2 = 4ax, y-axis is tangent at (0, 0), while for
x2 = 4ay, x-axis is tangent at (0, 0). Thus the two curves
cut each other at right angles.
(d) f ( x) = - ( x + 2)e- x = -( x + 1) e- x = 0
x=1
For x (-, -1), f ( x) > 0 and for
=0 x= d/ 2
(-4 x ).2 d 2 - x 2 - 2
=a
x (-1, ), f ( x ) < 0
-2 x
1
1
d 2 - x2 + x
=0
2
2 2 d 2 - x2
d 2 - x2 - x2
cos q + sin 2 q
a
2
which is constant
(b) y = a ln x + bx2 + x
has its extremum values at x = 1 and 2
\
1
(a) Area of DABC, A = x d 2 - x 2
2
9.
Also at x = 0, y = 0, at x = 1, y = 0, and
at x = 1/4, y > 0
\ Max. value of y occurs at x = 1/4
(a) Slope of tangent at (x, f (x)) is 2x + 1
f ' (x) = 2x + 1 f (x) = x2 + x + c
Also the curve passes through (1, 2)
\ f (1) = 2
2 = 1 + 1 + c c = 0, \ f (x) = x2 + x
\
Required area =
12.
0 ( x2 + x) dx
f ( x) =
sin 2 x
where sin2 x is always +ve, when 0 < x 1 . But to
check Nr., we again let
h (x) = sin x x cos x
x
,0 < x 1
sin x
sin x - x cos x
Again g ( x) =
g ( x) =
\
13.
14.
or
15.
1
3p
= tan (given)
4
f (3)
1
p p
= tan + = -1
2 4
f (3)
f (3) = 1
(d) It is clear from figure that at x = 0, f (x) is not
differentiable.
y
y=x
2
y=x
O
+2
16.
x (0,1)
f (x) is an increasing function.
f ( x ) > f (0), " x (0,1)
p
p
ex -1- x > 0 ex > 1 + x
<x<
4
2
\ (a) does not hold.
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p < 4 x < 2p
dy
= f ( x )(3,4)
dx
1
1
=f ( x)(3,4)
f (3)
but -
Q ex > 0 " x R
e x ( x - 1) ( x - 2) dx
=-
p/2
so that f ( x) = cos x
Again from graph it is clear that f (x) is increasing on
(0, p / 2) but f ' (x) is decreasing on (0, p / 2)
R is wrong.
1 < x < 2,
O
1
x
tan x
11.
S is correct.
To disprove R let us consider the counter example :
f (x) = sin x on (0, p / 2)
(c) f (x) =
p/2
Y = cos x
Y = sin x
x3 x 2
1 1 5
= + = + =
2
3 2 6
3
10.
p 4p 3p
=
>
4 8
8
It will increasing on (p / 4,3p / 8) .
(d) From graph it is clear that both sin x and cos x in the
interval (p / 2, p) are decreasing function.
5
(b) Let g (x) = log (1 + x) x
1
x
-1 = < 0, " x (0,1)
1+ x
1+ x
g (x) is decreasing on (0, 1) \ x > 0
g (x) < g (0)
log (1 + x) x < 0 log (1 + x) < x
(b) holds. Similarly it can be shown that (c) and (d) do
not hold.
f (x) = xex (1x)
f ' (x) = ex (1x) + (1 2x) x ex (1x)
= ex (1x) (2x2 x 1) = ex (1 x) (2x + 1) (x 1)
then g ( x) =
\
17. (a)
For y = 2, x 2 =
1
(0,1) for the rest of the parts critical point
2
0 (0, 1). It can be easily seen that functions in options
(b), (c) and (d) are continuous on [0, 1] and differentiable
in (0, 1).
1
2 - x , x < 1/ 2
Now for f ( x) =
2
1 - x , x 1/ 2
m (b ) = -
m (b ) =
1
1 + b2
1 1
f (1/ 2+ ) = -2 - = 0
2 2
\
\
\
1 + b2
> 0 also b 2 0 1 + b 2 1
p p
p p
p
3 x - , x - , whose length is .
2 2
6 6
3
21. (d) The given curve is y3 + 3x2 = 12y
Intercept on x-axis =
Intercept on y-axis =
3 cos q
1
sin q
3 3 sin q
2
cos q
cos q
2
sin q
3
3
= 0 3 3 sin q - cos q = 0
1
=
3 3 3
1
tan q =
dy 1
= tan p / 6 q = p / 6
For vertical tangents
= 4 - y2 = 0
3
dx 0
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3 y2
dy
2x
dy
dy
=
+ 6 x = 12
dx 4 - y 2
dx
dx
x2
+ y 2 = 1 at
27
3 x cos q
+ y.sin q = 1
9
1
1 + b2
Thus m (b) = (0 , 1]
20. (a) 3 sin x 4 sin3 x = sin 3x which increases for
4(1 + b 2 )
1-
f f (1/ 2+ )
2
4 b 2 - 4(1 + b 2 )
1-
Here f = -1 and
2
1 b + 1
[-(b + 1)] = 2
2 b + 2
-24 + 8
= -ve (not possible)
3
point
b +1
and y-intercept = (b + 1)
b+2
Given Ar (D) = 2
-D
, D being the discreminant.
4a
x = 4 3
x-intercept =
b2 + 2b + 1 = 4 (b + 2) b2 + 6b + 9 = 0
(b + 3)2 = 0 b = 3
19. (d) f (x) = (1 + b2) x2 + 2bx + 1
It is a quadratic expression with coeff. of
x2 = 1 + b2 > 0.
\ f (x) represents an upward parabola whose min value is
24 - 8 16
=
3
3
For y = 2, x 2 =
1
1/2
\ f (x) is increasing on [1/2, 1]
18. (c) Tangent to y = x2 + bx b at (1, 1) is
y 1 = (2 + b) (x 1)
(b + 2) x y = b + 1
y = 2
tan 3 q =
6
24.
28.
\
25.
f ( x ) = 3x + 2bx + c
Discriminant = 4b2 12c = 4 (b2 3c) < 0
f ( x ) > 0 " x R
x 0+
log x
=0
x -a
Applying L' Hospital's Rule
lim
x 0
S = (1 - a ) x 2 + ax, a (0, 2)
1/ x
(b)
For C2,
= 0 lim
dy 2
=
dx y
dy
dy
= 1 = m1 '
= 1= m1 and dx
(1, - 2)
dx (1, 2)
x0
- xa
=0a >0
x 0 - ax -a-1
x 0 a
Let the polynominal be P (x) = ax2 + bx + c
Given P (0) = 0 and P (1) = 1 c = 0 and a + b = 1
a=1b
P (x) = (1 b) x2 + bx
P' (x) = 2 (1 b) x + b
Given P ( x) > 0, " x [0,1]
2 (1 b) x + b > 0
When x = 0, b > 0 and when x = 1, b < 2
0<b<2
27.
For C1,
lim
26.
dy 3 - x
dy
=
= 1 = m2
\
dx
y
dx (1, 2)
dy
= -1 = m2 '
and dx
(1, - 2)
Q m1 = m2 and m1 ' = m2 '
29.
(c)
ec +1 - ec -1
[ x - (c - 1)]
y - ec-1 =
(c + 1) - (c - 1)
ec (e - e -1 )
[ x - c + 1]
2
Subtracting equation (1) from (2), we get
y - ec -1 =
(2)
e - e- 1 - 2 c e - e- 1
ec - ec -1 = ec ( x - c)
+e
2
2
e - e -1
1 - e-1 -
2 2 - e - e -1
=
x-c =
e - e -1 - 2
e - e -1 - 2
2
=
-1
e + e-1 - 2
2 - (e - e-1 )
e+e
-1
+ ve
2
=
=
= - ve
-1
- ve
e-e
12
xc<0 x<c
\ The two lines meet on the left of line x = c.
(2 + x )3 , -3 < x -1
f ( x) =
23
-1 < x - 2
x ,
The graph of y = f (x) is as shown in the figure. From
graph, clearly, there is one local maximum (at x = 1)
and one local minima (at x = 0)
\ total number of local maxima or minima = 2.
30.
-1 u
(c) Given that g(u) = 2 tan (e ) -1
\ g(u) = 2 tan ( e - u ) -
-1
= 2cot ( eu ) -
p
2
p
-1 1 p
= 2 tan u e 2
2
p
p
p
-1
= 2 - tan ( eu ) 2
2
2
p
p
-1 u
= - 2 tan (e )
2
2
\ g is an odd function.
-1 u
= p - 2 tan (e ) -
= g(u)
Also g '(u) =
2eu
1 + e 2u
> 0 , " u ( , )
\ g is strictly increasing on (, ) .
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7
3.
1.
(c)
y
x=
p /2
x
y=
c=3p/2
p P
x=
p ( x) = a0 + a1x 2 + a2 x 4 + + an x 2 n , x R
\
\
We
have
clearly P (x) increases for all x > 0 and decreases for all
x < 0.
P' (x) has no. max. value and min. value at x = 0.
ALTERNATE SOLUTION 2
We have P' (x) = 2a1x + 4a2x3 + + 2nanx2n1
4.
P ( x) = 0 x = 0
P(x) = 2a1 + 12a 2 x 2 ++ 2n(2n - 1)a n x 2n - 2
2.
5.
-a
b
We must have,
x
a
a
= + ve - = +ve = -ve
y
b
b
h( x ) h( y )
(3)
(2)
x
a
=y
b
f ( g ( x )) f ( g ( y )) , where x y
Also h( x ) 0 " x 0
dy
dy
y
y+ x = 0
=dx
dx
x
x'
Slope of normal =
y'
y'
It is clear from the graph that the curves y = tan x and
y = x intersect at P in (p, 3p / 2) .
Thus the smallest +ve root of tan x x = 0 lies in
(p, 3p / 2) .
(a) Since g is decreasing in [0, )
\ For x y,
g ( x) g ( y)
........ (1)
Also g(x), g(y) [0, ) and f is increasing from [0, )
to [0, ).
\ For g (x), g (y) [0, )
dy
- y
=
dx ( x , y )
x
such that g ( x) g ( y)
P ( x ) |x =0 = + ve as a1 > 0
\ P (x) has only one minimum at x = 0.
(b, c) Let the line ax + by + c = 0 be normal to the curve
x'
-1 x 2
2< x3
Then on [ 1, 2], f ( x) = 6 x + 12
For -1 x 2, -6 6 x 12
6 6 x + 12 24
f ( x) > 0, " x [-1, 2]
\ f is increasing on [ 1, 2]
Also f (x) being polynomial for x [-1, 2) U (2,3]
f (x) is cont. on [ 1, 3] except possibly at
At x = 2,
2
LHL = lim f (2 - h) = lim 3(2 - h) + 12(2 - h) - 1
h 0
h 0
= 35
RHL = lim f (2 + h) = lim 37 - (2 + h) = 35
h 0
h 0
f (x) is continuous at x = 2
Hence f (x) is continuous on [ 1, 3]
Again at x = 2
9.
(b, d)
f (2 + h) - f (2)
37 - (2 + h) - 35
= lim
=1
h
h
h0
h0
RD = lim
LD = lim
h0
f (2) - f (2 - h)
h
35 - 3(2 - h ) 2 - 12(2 - h ) + 1
h
h 0
= lim
-3h 2 + 24h
= 24
h
h0
As LD RD
\ f ' (2) does not exist. Hence f (x) can not have max. value
at x = 2.
(a, c) We have
= lim
6.
h( x) = f ( x)[1 - 2 f ( x) + 3 f ( x))2 ]
dy
at x = 3.
dx
dy
dy
= ve and x > 3,
= +ve
dx
dx
Change is from ve to +ve, hence minimum at x = 3.
Again minimum and maximum occur alternately.
\ 2nd minimum is at x = 1
10. (b, c) Let f (x) = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d
Then, f (2) = 18 8a + 4b + 2c + d = 18 (1)
(2)
f (1) = 1 a + b + c + d = 1
f (x) has local max. at x = 1
3a 2b + c = 0
(3)
x < 3,
2
1
= 3 f ( x) ( f ( x))2 - f ( x) +
3
3
1
17
f ( x) = (19 x3 - 57 x + 34) f (0) =
4
2
Also f ( x) =
x -1
x2 + 1
( x + 1) ( x + 1)
11.
For max/min f ( x) = 0 x = 0.
f ( x) =
4(1 - 3x2 )
(a, b) Q g (x) =
0 f (t ) dt
f is min at x = 0
ex ,
0 x 1
x -1
g ( x ) = f ( x ) = 2 - e , 1 < x 2
x - e,
2< x3
g ( x ) = 0 e x-1 = 2 or x - e = 0
x - 1 = log 2 or x = e
( x2 + 1)3
, f ( x) |x= 0 = +ve
f (x) =
x2 -1
2
x +1
( x 2 + 1) - 2
x +1
2
x2 + 1
if x2 + 1 is min.
And x2 + 1 is min at x = 0.
\
8.
57 2
( x - 1) > 0, "x > 1
4
Also f ( x) = 0 x = 1, 1
4x
f ( x) =
fmin =
0 -1
= -1
0 +1
(4)
= 3 f ( x)[{ f ( x) - 1/ 3}2 + 2/ 9]
7.
dy
= f ( x) x(e x - 1) ( x - 1)( x - 2)3 ( x - 3)5 = 0
dx
Critical points are 0, 1, 2, 3. Consider change of sign of
=1-
2
2
x +1
x = 1 + ln 2 or e
ex ,
0 x 1
x -1
g ( x ) = -e , 1 < x 2
1,
2< x3
9
14. (a, c) Let L = 8x, B = 15x and y be the length of square cut off
from each corner. Then volume of box
= (8x 2y) (15x 2y)y
V = 120x2y 46xy2 + 4y3
dV
= 120x2 92xy + 12y2
dy
dV
= 0 at y = 5 for maximum value of V.
dy
[30x2 23xy + 3y2]y = 5 = 0
6x2 23x + 15 = 0
1
1
(1+ ln 2)
3
e
Now
5
6
For x = 3, sides are 45 and 24.
Graph of g'(x)
x = 3,
1
We have, f ( x ) = x cos , x 1
x
SUBJECTIVE PROBLEMS :
1.
f ( x) =
1 1
1
f '( x) = cos + sin
x x
x
(a - c + x + c) (b - c + x + c)
x+c
(a - c)(b - c)
+ ( x + c) + a + b - 2c
x+c
lim f '( x) = 1
f ' ( x) =
1 1
1 1
1
Also f "( x) =
sin - 2 sin - 3 cos
2
x x
x x
x
x
-1
1
f "( x) = 3 cos < 0, " x [1, )
x
x
f ( x + 2) - f ( x)
>1
( x + 2) - x
(a + x)(b + x)
, a, b > c, x > -c
(c + x)
- ( a - c)(b - c )
( x + c) 2
f ( x) = 0 x = -c (a - c)(b - c)
Also f ( x) =
\
\
2(a - c)(b - c)
( x + c)3
f min =
(a - c)(b - c)
( a - c)(b - c)
+ (a - c )(b - c)
+(a - c) + (b - c)
= (a - c) + (b - c) + 2 (a - c)(b - c)
2.
2
f (x) = ex .(x - 2)( x - 3)
f (x) = 0 x = 2, 3
2
f ( x + 2) - f ( x ) > 2
13. (a, b, c, d)
x
+1
= ( a - c + b - c )2
Given that x and y are two real variables such that x > 0
and xy = 1.
To find the minimum value of x + y.
Let S = x + y
f (x) = ex .2 x( x 2 - 5 x + 6) + ex (2 x - 5)
f (2) = ve and f (3) = + ve
\ x = 2 is a point of local maxima
and x = 3 is a point of local minima
Also or x(2, 3) f (x)< 0
f is decreasing on (2, 3)
Also we observe
f (0) < 0 and f (1) > 0
\ There exists some C (0, 1) such that f (C) = 0
\ All the options are correct.
1
x
S = x+
1
dS
= 1- 2
dx
x
1-
(using xy = 1)
dS
=0
dx
= 0 x = 1
x2
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10
But x > 0, \ x = 1
2
d S
Now
dx 2
d 2S
dx 2
2
x3
4.
= 2 = + ve
Let y = x1 / x
x =1
S is minimum when x = 1
1
log x
x
Differentiating w.r.t. x we get
log y =
1
S min = 1 + = 2
1
We are given that
\
3.
f ( x) = x1/ x , x > 0
1
.x - 1.log x
1 dy x
dy y(1 - log x)
=
=
2
y dx
dx
x
x2
y (1 - log x )
(1)
x2
d2y
dx
By LMV f (a) =
[Q f (c) = 0]
........ (i)
........ (ii)
| f (a) | < 1
x=e
y x 2 - 2 xy (1 - log x )
x4
- xy
=
x 4 x=e
dy
0,1 - log
=
x 0 at
=
x e
Using=
dx
f (x) - f (c)
where a (c, x )
x-c
f ( x) = ( x - c) f (a )
= 0 log x = 1 x = e
1
dy
(1 - log x) 2
d
y
dx
x
Also,
=
dx 2
dy
=0
dx
- e1/ e
= - ve
e3
\
\
y is max at x = e
e1/e is the max. value of f (x).
p e < e p or e p > p e
Given that f (x) and g (x) are differentiable for x [0,1] such
that
f (0) = 2 ; f (1) = 6, g (0) = 0 ; g (1) = 2
5.
| (c - x) f (b) |< 1
By LMV for b ( x, c)
f (b) =
f (c) - f ( x)
c-x
f ( x) = -(c - x) f (b)
[Using f (c) = 0 ]
\
| f ( x) |=| (c - x) f (b) |
11
6.
= ln ( x + x 2 + 1)
As x + x 2 + 1 1 for x 1
D = x 2 + ( x 2 - c) 2
To minimum D we consider
D2 = x4 (2c 1) x2 + c2
\ f ( x ) 0, " x 0
Hence f (x) is increasing function.
2c - 1
1
= x2 +c
2
4
2c - 1
2c - 1
which is minimum when x = 0 x2 =
2
2
2
7.
Dmin = c -
1
4
(1)
1 + x ln( x + x 2 + 1) - 1 + x 2 0
9.
b
c
x
"x > 0, a > 0, b > 0
Given ax 2 +
1 + x ln( x + x 2 + 1) 1 + x 2
Let the house of the swimmer be at B.
\ d (AB) = L km.
Let the swimmer land at C, on the shore and let d (AC) = x km
\ d (SC) =
x2 + d 2
b 1/ 3
2b
f = 2a + 2a = 6a > 0
b
2a
b
f is minimum at x =
2a
1/ 3
b
so is for x =
2a
b
a
2a
2/3
b
a + b
2a
C Lx
distance
speed
Time from S to B = time S to C + time from C to B
Now using time =
1/ 3
b
(b / 2a)1/ 3
27b3 2a
c3
.
8
b
To show
1/ 3
1 + x ln ( x + x 2 + 1) 1 + x 2 for x 0
Consider f (x) = 1 + x ln ( x + x2 + 1) - 1 + x2 )
2
Here, f ( x ) = ln( x + x + 1) +
T=
x
1 + x2
x 2 + 1
x
L x
1 2
x + d2 + u
v v
1
1.2 x
1
+ 0u 2 x2 + d 2
v
For either maximum or minimum, f ' (x) = 0
f '( x) =
1
- =0
u x2 + d 2 v
v2 x2 = u2 (x2 + d2) x2 (v2 u2) = u2 d2
f '( x) =
x2 =
x=
x + x2 + 1
1 +
x2 + d 2 L - x
+
u
v
Hence we take, f ( x ) =
3b 2a
c
1/ 3
2 b
(b / 2a)
As a, b are +ve, cubing both sides we get
8.
x 2 + d 2 and d (CB) = L - x
ln ( x + x 2 + 1) 0
u2d 2
v2 - u 2
ud
2
v - u2
(as x ve)
12
2x
2
2
x + d .1 - x.
1
2 x2 + d 2
Now, f "( x) =
u
( x 2 + d 2 )2
- sin( x + y )
1
[For parallel line m1 = m2]
=1 + sin( x + y )
2
2sin (x + y) = 1 + sin (x + y)
sin (x + y) = 1
Thus, cos (x + y) = 0
Using equation of curve and above result, we get, y = 0
sin x = 1
x = np + (1)n p/2, n Z
x = p/2, 3p/2
which belong to the interval [ 2p, 2p]
Thus the points on curve at which tangets are parallel to
given line are (p/2, 0) and ( 3p/2, 0)
The equation of tangent at (p/2, 0) is
\
d2
1
d2
=
> 0, " x
u x 2 + d 2 .( x 2 + d 2 )
u ( x 2 + d 2 )3 / 2
\
10.
ud
f has minimum at x =
v2 - u2
Equation of the curve is given by
x
y=
...(1)
1 + x2
Differentiating with respect to x, we get
1
y - 0 = - ( x - p / 2)
2
2y = x + p/2
2x + 4y p = 0
The equation of tangent at (3p/2, 0) is
dy 1 + x 2 - x (2 x )
1 - x2
=
=
dx
(1 + x 2 )2
(1 + x 2 )2
1- x2
dy
Again let f ( x) =
=
2 2
dx
(1 + x )
(1 + x 2 )2 ( -2 x) - (1 - x 2 )2(1 + x 2 )(2 x )
(1 + x 2 )4
2
(1 + x )(-2 x ) - (1 - x )2.2 x
2 3
(1 + x )
12.
=
x (2 x - 6)
(1 + x 2 )3
1
sin 2 x (3sin x + 2l )
2
So, from f ' (x) = 0, we get x = 0
or 3 sin x + 2l = 0
=
x (2 x 2 - 6)
(1 + x 2 )3
= 0 x = 0, 3
3
Also, f " (x) = cos 2x (3 sin x + 2l) + sin 2 x cos x
2
Again we find,
f "( x ) =
12 x 2 (3 - x 2 )
(1 + x 2 )4
6(1 - x 2 )
-3
sin x , we have
2
f " (x) = 3 sin x cos2 x = 2l cos2 x
Now, if 0 < x < p/2, then 3/2 < l < 0 and therefore
f " (x) > 0.
f (x) has one minimum for this value of l.
Also for x = 0, we have f " (0) = 2l < 0, That is
f (x) has a maximum at x = 0
Again if p/2 < x < 0, then 0 < l < 3/2 and
therefore f " (x) = 2l cos2 x < 0.
So that f (x) has a maximum.
Also for x = 0, f " (a) = 2l > 0 so that f (x) has a minimum.
Thus, for exactly one maximum and minimum value of f (x),l
must lie in the interval
3/2 < l < 0 or 0 < l < 3/2
Therefore, for l =
(1 + x 2 )3
3
16
Thus, second order derivative at x = 0 is negative and second
11.
f "( 3) =
dy
dy
= - sin( x + y). 1 +
dx
dx
[1 + sin( x + y )]
dy
= - sin( x + y )
dx
dy
sin( x + y )
=dx
1 + sin( x + y )
1
y - 0 = - ( x + 3p / 2)
2
2y = x 3p/2
2x + 4y + 3p = 0
Thus the required equations of tangents are
2x + 4y p = 0 and 2x + 4y + 3p = 0.
The given function is,
f (x) = sin3 x + l sin2 x for p/2 < x < p/2
\ f ' (x) = 3 sin2 x cos x + 2l sin x cos x
13.
...(1)
13
14. The equation of given curve can be expressed as
C (r , r)
x2
y2
= 1 where 4 < a2 < 8
a2 4
Clearly it is the question of an ellipse
by
x
y
A
2
(p , p)
P (acosq, bsinq)
M
B
2
(q , q)
c
P = sin A(by - y 2 )
b
dP c
= sin A(b - 2 y ) = 0
dy b
b
d P c
and
= sin A(-2) = - ve
2
dy 2 b
Hence area is maximum when y = b/2 and its value is
1
1
b c
b
P = . b - sin A = bc sin A = .ar (DABC )
2 b
2
4
2
p2
1 2
Now, ar (DABC ) = q
2
r2
-p 1
q
1 2
q - p2
2
r 2 - p2
-p
d ( L2 )
=0
dq
cos q [2a2 sin q + 8 sin q + 8] = 0
Either cos q = 0
or (8 2a2) sin q + 8 = 0
4
p
or sin q = 2
2
a -4
Since a2 < 8 a2 4 < 4
q=
-r 1
(0, 2)
d ( L2 )
= cos q [-2a 2 sin q + 8sin q + 8]
dq
For max. or min. value of L we should have
Above gives y =
Also
4
a -4
q+ p 0
p-r 0
q- p 1
1
= ( q + p)( p - r )
- (r + p ) 1
2
1
= ar (DABC )
2
d 2 ( L2 )
2
dq
+ ( sin q ) [ 2a2 sin q + 8 sin q + 8 ]
1
= (q + p) ( p - r ) (q + r )
2
Thus max. area of ||gm AFDE is
p d 2 ( L2 )
,
= 0 - [16 - 2a2 ] = 2(a 2 - 8) < 0
2 d q2
as a2 < 8
\ L is max. at q = p/2 and the farthest point is (0, 2).
15. We have,
At q =
d y( x)
g(t )dt = g[y( x)]y '( x) - g[f( x)]f '( x)
(
x
)
f
dx
We get,
f ' (x) = 2 (x 1) (x 2)3 + 3 (x 1)2 (x 2)2
= (x 1) (x 2)2 (2x 4 + 3x 3)
Hence Proved.
= (x 1) (x 2)2 (5x 7)
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1
= ( p + q)(q + r )( p - r )
4
...(1)
1
Then P = 2DAEF = 2. xy sin A
2
c
= y. (b - y ) sin A
b
(a, 0)
14
For extreme values f ' (x) = 0 x = 1, 2, 7/5
Now, f " (x) = (x 2)2 (5x 7) + 2 (x 1) (x 2) (5x 7)
+ 5 (x 1) (x 2)2
At x = 1,
f " (x) = 1 ( 2) = 2 < 0
\ f is max. at x = 1
At x = 2 f " (x) = 0
\ f is neither maximum nor minimum at x = 2.
At x = 7/5
( x - 1)3
1 2
( x - 1)3 .1 dx
= 4- x
3
3 0
0
x
( x - 1) 4
= 4 - ( x - 1)3
12
3
0
2 9 18
7 7
=
>0
f "( x) = 5 - 1 - 2 = 5
5 5
5 25 25
16.
At x = 1,
= 3 x - 1 + 3( x - 1) = 6 x - 4
d2y
dx 2
At x = 1/ 3,
= 2( + ve) \ y is min. at x = 1
d2y
dx
= tan 2 x - 4sin 2 x / 2 =
=
11
4
Max value of y is = - 1 =
3 3
27
Min value of y is = 1 (1 1)2 = 0
y=2
A
1
C (2, 2)
B
2
- 4sin 2 x / 2
- 4 sin 2 x / 2
...(i)
cos 2 x / 2
cos 2 x
cos 2 x / 2
4sin 2 x / 2
- 1 0
2
cos x
-1 0
Now the curve cuts the axis x at (0, 0) and (1, 0). When x
increases from 1 to 2, y also increases and is +ve.
When y = 2, x (x 1)2 = 2
x 3 2x2 + x 2 = 0
(x 2) (x2 + 1) = 0
x=2
Using max./min. values of y and points of intersection with
x-axis, we get the curve as in figure and shaded area is the
required area.
\ The required area
= Area of squareOBCD - y dx
cos 2 x
cos 2 x
y
D
4 sin 2 x / 2 cos 2 x / 2
sin 2 x
cos 2 x / 2
= 4sin 2 x / 2
- 1
2
cos x
17.
2 10
2 1 1
= 4 - - + = 4 - = sq.units.
3 3
3 12 12
Let f (x) = 2 sin x + tan x 3x
\ f ' (x) = 2 cos x + sec2 x 3
= (sec2 x 1) 2 (1 cos x)
2 sin x + tan x - 3 x 0
2 sin x + tan x 3 x. Hence Proved
ALTERNATE SOLUTION
\ For x 0, f ( x) f (0)
= 2 2 - x( x - 1)2 dx
0
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Hence proved
15
18. As QR || XY diameter through P is ^ QR.
A
P = 2 + x + 2y
2
Now, area of rectangle ABCD = xy
\
...(1)
2q
p x
2 2
Let l be the light transmitted by coloured glass per sq. m.
Then 3l will be the light transmitted by clear glass per sq. m.
Hence the area of light transmitted
r
O
r
q
X
p x 2
= 3l ( xy ) + l
2 2
q= 30
+ 6sin3 q cos q]
q cos q]
1 3 3
1 3
= 4r 2 -10. .
+ 6. .
2 8
8 2
-15 3 3 3
2 -12 3
= 4r
+
= 4r
= -ve
8
8
8
\ A is maximum at q = 30
And Amax = 4r2 sin 30 cos3 30
2
1 3 3 3 3 2
= 4r 2
=
r
2
8
4
19. Let ABCEDA be the window as shown in the figure and let
AB = x m
E
BC = y m
D
B
Then its perimeter including the base DC of arch
px 2
...... (2)
A = l 3xy +
1
4 + p
A = l 3x P -
2
2
px 2
x +
3Px 3(4 + p) 2 px 2
x +
=l
4
8
2
\
dA
px
3P 3(4 + p)
=l
x+
dx
2
4
2
For A to be maximum dA = 01
dx
3P
2
x=
-p 12 + 3p)
+
4
2
x=
Also
3P
4
6P
x=
2 5p + 24
5p + 24
d2A
-3(4 + p) p
= l
+ <0
2
4
dx
2
6P
5p + 24
[Using value of P from (1)]
(5p + 24 12 3p) x = 12y
(2p + 12) x = 12y
A is max when x =
y p+6
=
x
6
\ The required ratio of breadth to length of the rectangle
= 6+ p:6
20. Let f (x) = ax3 + bx 2 + cx + d
ATQ, f (x) vanishes at x = 2
...(1)
8a + 4b 2c + d = 0
f ' (x) = 3ax2 + 2bx + c
Againg ATQ, f (x) has relative max./min at
1
3
px
= 2x + 2 y + m
f ' ( 1) = 0 = f ' (1/3)
2
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x = 1 and x =
16
3a 2b + c = 0
and a + 2b + 3c = 0
... (2)
... (3)
21.
ax 4 bx 3 cx 2
14
+
+
+ dx =
4
3
2
-1 3
a b c
a b c
14
4 + 3 + 2 + d - 4 - 3 + 2 - d = 3
1
-1 + 1 + 4t 2 -1 - 1 - 4t 2
= t, - - t
,
2t
4t
4t
2
y = t ,t +
1
4t 2
+1
AB = 2t + +
4t 2
2t
2
Z=
5
4t
9
2t 4
+8
= + ve also
Z is minimum at t =
For t =
22.
1
t=
2
1
2
1
2
d 2Z
dt 2
1
t =2
or -
= + ve
1
2
normal chord is x - 2 y = - 2
2
The given curve is y = (1+ x)y + sin1 (sin2 x)
Here at x = 0, y = (1 + 0)y + sin 1 (0) y = 1
\ Point at which normal has been drawn is (0, 1).
For slope of normal we need to find dy/dx, and for that we
consider the curve as
dy du dv
=
+
dx dx dx
where
u = (1 + x)y
...(i)
and
v = sin1 (sin2 x)
`
...(ii)
Taking log on both sides of equation (i) we get
log u = y log (1+ x)
y=u+v
1 du
y
dy
=
+ log(1 + x ).
u dx 1 + x
dx
dv
1
.2sin x cos x
=
dx
1 - sin 4 x
dv
2sin x
=
.
dx
1 + sin 2 x
Thus, we get,
dy
dy
2 sin x
y
= (1 + x ) y
+ log(1 + x ) +
+
1
dx
x
dx
1 + sin 2 x
+
+ 3 + 4t
16t 4 4t 2
For shortest chord, we have to minimize Z, and for that
dZ
=0
dt
dt 2
1
1
Consider Z = AB 2 = 2t + +
+ 1
2
4t
2t
,-
du
dy
y
= (1 + x) y
+ log(1 + x)
1
dx
+
x
dx
Also v = sin1(sin2x)
1
1
Thus, B - t - , t 2 +
+ 1
2
2t
4t
\ Length of normal chord
d 2Z
+1
For t = -
1
(x - t)
2t
...(2)
x + 2ty = t + 2t3
This normal meets the curve again at point B which can be
obtained by solving (1) and (2) as follows :
Putting y = x2 in (2), we get
2t x2 + x (t + 2t3) = 0,
D = 1 + 8t (t + 2t3)
= 1 + 8t2 + 16t4 = (1+ 4t2)2
x=
t=
dt
dy
= 2 x from (1)]
[where
dx
y - t2 = -
d 2Z
b
7
+d =
3
3
...(4)
b + 3d = 7
From (1), (2), (3), (4) on solving, we get
a = 1, b = 1, c = 1, d = 2
\ The required cubic is x3 + x2 x + 2.
The given curve is y = x2
...(1)
Consider any point A (t, t2) on (1) at which normal chord
drawn is shortest.
Then eq. of normal to (1) at A (t, t2) is
1
y - t2 = (x - t)
dy
2
dx (t , t )
+ 8t = 0
4t
2t 3
1 6t2 + 32t6 = 0
32 (t2)3 6t2 1 = 0 (2t2 1) (16t4 + 8t2 + 1) = 0
1
t 2 = (leaving ve values of t2)
2
14
Also, f ( x) =
-1
3
1
dy
dx
2sin x
[1 - (1 + x ) y log(1 + x )]
= y (1 + x ) y -1 +
1 + sin 2 x
17
dy
=
dx
y (1 + x) y -1 +
2sin x
1 + sin 2 x
1 - (1 + x ) y log(1 + x)
dy
\ Slope of normal = 1
=1 ,
dx (0,1)
\ Equation of normal to given curve at (0, 1) is
y 1 = 1 (x 0)
x + y = 1.
23.
y
R
b3 - b 2 + b - 1
, 0 x<1
- x3 + 3
We have, f ( x ) =
b + 3b + 2
2 x - 3,
1 x 3
h 0
= -1 +
b3 - b2 + b - 1
-1 +
-1
(b 2 + 1)(b - 1)
0
(b + 2)(b + 1)
b2 + 3b + 2
(b 1) (b + 1) (b +2) 0
+
b3 - b 2 + b - 1
dy
= 0and P (-2, 0) lies on curve
dx x =-2
dy
Q
(1, 0)
y'
Subtracting (1) from (2) we get
(x 1)2 x2 = (r2 1)
r2
2
Substituting this value of x in (2), we get
2x + 1 = r2 1
r4
+ y2 = r 2
4
x = 1-
y = r 1=
r2
4
r2
r2
R 1 - , r 1 - point being above x-axis.
2
4
1
Area of DQRS = SQ ordinate of point R
2
1
r2
A = r r 12
4
A will be max. if A2 is max.
A2 =
r 4 r 2 r 4 r6
1 - = 4
4 4 16
O S
P
(1, 0)
b3 - b 2 + b - 1
b3 - b2 + b - 1
b 2 + 3b + 2
x'
b2 + 3b + 2
b2 + 3b + 2
As given that the smallest value of f (x) occur at x = 1
\ Any other smallest value f (1)
24.
2
For A2 to be max. dA = 0
dr
2 2
3
r 3 1 - r 2 = 0 r =
8
3
d 2 ( A2 )
dr 2
d 2 ( A2 )
dr
= 3r 2 -
r2=
15 4
r
8
8 15 64
= 3 - = -ve
3 8 9
8
3
2 2
18
4
12 2
1 2 2
4 3 16 3
Max. area =
26.
4
3 3
1
a
Slope of the tangent at (1, 1) is = a
dy
=a
dx (1,1)
4 3
sq. units.
9
x y
+ = 1 , so that it makes an intercept
a b
of a units on x-axis and b units on y-axis. As it passes through
the fixed point (h, k), therefore we must have
Let the given line be
b
P
O
k
h
=1b
a
b = ak
a-h
1
Now Area of DOPQ = A = ab
2
\
1 ak
A = a
2 a - h
or
A=
y = ek(x1)
dy
=k
dx (1,1)
dy
From (1) and (2), = a = k
dx 1,1
(1)
y
B
dA
=0
da
k a 2 - 2ah
= 0 a = 2h
2 (a - h)2
2
2
2
Also, d A = (2a - 2h)( a - h) - 2(a - h) ( -1)( a - 2ah)
da 2
(a - h ) 4
=
a = 2h
dy
= ke k ( x -1)
dx
P (1, 1)
k 2a(a - h) - a 2
=0
2 (a - h)2
d2A
[using (1)]
da
dy
dy
y
= ky dy = kdx
dx
dx
y
log | y | = kx + C | y | = ekx+c = ec.ekx
k a2
2 a - h
(h, k)
(1)
y = ec e kx y = Aekx
Where A is constant. As the curve passes through (1, 1)
\ 1 = Aek
A = ek
1 64 1 512 = 16 - 32
-
9 27
4 9 16 27
=
=
27.
A is min. when a = 2h
Amin =
2
> 0,[Qh > 0]
h
0 ynormal dx - 0 ycurvedx
0 - a ( x - 1) + 1 dx - 0 ea( x-1) dx
1
1
= - ( x - 1)2 + x - e a( x -1)
2a
0 a
0
1 1 1 -a
1
1
- + e = 1 + e-a 2a a a
a
2a
Now we consider the case when a = 0. Then normal at (1, 1)
becomes x 1 = 0 which is parallel to y-axis, therefore tangent
at (1, 1) should be parallel to x-axis. Thus
= 1+
k 4h2
= 2kh
2 h
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19
dy
=0
dx
(1,1)
Since
(3)
dy
y gives y = ek (x 1)
dx
(as in a 0 case)
ax
xe ,
29. Given that, f ( x) =
2
3
x + ax - x ,
Differentiating both sides, we have
dy
=k
dx
(1,1)
2aeax + a 2 x e ax ; x 0
f ( x) =
x>0
2a - 6 x;
(4)
2
x = - , if x 0
a
x=1
2 a
f ( x) increases on - ,
a 3
30. Let b a = t, where a + b = 4
1
f ( x) = lnx - bx + x 2 , x > 0, b 0
8
(1)
1
1
If b = 1 then x = ; If b > 1 then x = b b 2 - 1
4
4
1
2
+2=
16 x - 1
8x
8 x2
r
Its sign will depend on N , 16x2 1 as 8x2 is +ve. We shall
consider its sign for x =
1
1
and x = b b 2 - 1
4
4
f (x) = 0 at x = 1/4
\
2
2
N r of f '' (x) = 16x2 1 = [b + b - 1] - 1
= +ve for b > 1 \ Minima
or
2 a
f (x) is +ve on - ,
a 3
f ( x) = -
a/3
2/a
It is clear from number line that
1
f ( x) = - b + 2 x
8x
a
, if x > 0
3
y=1
28.
x>0
axeax + eax ,
x0
f ( x) =
2
x>0
1 + 2 ax - 3 x ,
Again differentiating both sides, we have
dy
= kek ( x -1)
dx
x0
N r of f ( x) = (b - b2 - 1)2 - 1
= ve for b > 1
\ Maxima
4-t
t+4
and b =
2
2
as given a < 2 and b > 2 t > 0
Now
a=
a
0
=
g ( x) dx +
4- t
2
0
0 g ( x) dx
g ( x) dx +
4+ t
2
0
g ( x ) dx = f(t ) [say]
4 - t 1
4 + t 1
NOTE THIS STEP
- + g
2 2
2 2
f (t ) = g
d
Using
dx
v( x)
1 4+ t
4- t
g
- g
2
2 2
Since g (x) is an increasing function (given)
\ for x1 > x2 g(x1) > g (x2)
=
4+ t
4-t
g
> g
2
2
f (t ) =
1 (4 + t )
(4 - t )
g
-g
> 0 f(t ) > 0
2
2
2
20
It can be clearly seen that in order to prove the result it is
sufficient to prove that | p (1) | 1
We know that,
31.
g ( x) dx +
0 g ( x) dx increases as (b a) increases.
| p (1) | = lim
Applying R3 R3 - R1 - 2 R2 we get
h0
b +1
-1
| p(1+ h) | + | p(1) |
NOTE THIS STEP
| h|
h0
lim
[Using | x y] | x | + | y | ]
But | p(1) | | e0 - 1|
2ax 2ax - 1
2ax -1
=
1
b
b +1
b
| p(1) | 0
[Using C2 C2 - C1 ]
f ( x) = 2ax + b
Integrating, we get , f (x) = ax2 + bx + C
where C is an arbitrary constant. Since f has a maximum at x
= 5/2,
f (5/ 2) = 0 5a + b = 0
(1)
Also f (0) = 2 C = 2
and f (1) = 1 a + b + c = 1
\ a+b=1
(2)
Solving (1) and (2) for a, b we get,
a = 1/4, b = 5/4
1 2 5
x - x + 2.
4
4
Equation of the tangent at point (x, y) on the curve is
Thus, f ( x) =
32.
dy
( X - x)
dx
This meets axes in
Y y=
dx
dy
A x - y
0 and B 0, y - x
dy '
dx
1
dx 1
dy
Mid-point of AB is x - y , y - x
dy 2
dx
2
We are given
1
dx
1
dy
x - y = x and y - x = ya
dy
2
2
dx
dy
dy
dx
= x = -y
dx
y
x
Intergrating both sides,
| eh - 1|
=1
h 0 | h |
| p (1) | 1
|a1 + 2a2 + .. + nan | 1
Given that -1 p 1 .
Consider f (x) = 4x3 3x p = 0
or
34.
1 3
Now, f (1/ 2) = - - p = -1 - p 0 as (-1 p)
2 2
Also f (1) = 4 3 p = 1 p 0 as ( p 1)
\ f (x) has at least one real root between [1/2, 1].
1
q = cos-1 ( p)
3
\
dy
dy
= log y = - log x + c
x2 y 2
y
x
35. The given curve is
+
= 1 (an ellipse)
6
3
Put x = 1, y = 1,
log 1 = log 1 + c c = 0
Any parametric point on it is P( 6 cos q, 3 sin q) .
log y + log x = 0 log yx = 0 yx = e0 = 1
Its distance from line x + y = 7 is given by
Which is a rectangular hyperbola.
6 cos q + 3 sin q - 7
Given that,
D=
p (x) = a0 + a1 x + a2 x2 + + anxn (1)
2
and | p (x) | | ex1 1|, " x 0
(2)
dD
For min. value of D,
=0
To prove that,
dq
| a1 + 2a2 ++ n an | 1
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33.
p(1 + h) - p(1)
h
21
- 6 sin q + 3 cos q = 0
tan q = 1/ 2
2
cos q =
x 0 f ( x) f (0)
and sin q =
3
3
\ Required point P is (2, 1)
ALTERNATE SOLUTION :
x2 y 2
+
= 1 is
6
3
P( 6 cos q, 3 sin q)
Distance of P from x + y = 7 will be minimum if measured
along the normal of ellipse at P, and then PN ^ given line.
(slope of normal at P) (slope of given line) = 1
dx
-
dy (
6 cos q, 3 sin q )
2 3 sin q
6 cos q
sin q =
= 1 tan q =
1
2
cos q =
2
3
cos(tan x ) - cos 2 x
cos 2 x
x2
cos x > 1 2
1
1 - tan 2 x - cos 2 x
2
f ( x) >
cos2 x
sin 2 x 1
2cos2 x
=
cos 2 x
=
\
sin 2 x(cos 2 x)
2 cos 4 x
f (a) + f (b)
]
2
0 f (t )dt
Let t = u2 also t 0 u 0
dt = 2u du as t 4 u 2
\
0 f (t ) dt = 0 f (u 2 ).2u du
Consider, F ( x) =
2
Similary, cos (tan x) > 1 - tan x
2
f (4) - f (0)
= f (a) , for a (0, 4) (1)
4-0
Again since f is continuous on [0, 4] by intermediate mean
value theorem, we get
3
\ Required point is (2, 1).
36. Given that 2 (1 cos x) < x2, x 0
To prove sin (tan x) x, x [0, p / 4).
Let us consider f (x) = sin (tan x) x
Hence proved.
37. Given that f is a differentiable function on [0, 4]
\ It will be continuous on [0, 4]
\ By Lagrange's mean value theorem, we get
NOTE THIS STEP
f (4) + f (0)
(2)
= f (b) for b (0, 4)
2
[If f (x) is continuous on [a, b] then $ m (a, b)
(-1) = -1
2y
=1
x ( 6 cos q, 3 sin q)
For x [0, p / 4) ,
(1)
0 f (u 2 ).2u du
F -F
such that F (m) = (2) (0)
2-0
2
f (m ).2m =
F (m) =
0 f (u
) 2u du
22
= 23 (46)101 23 (46)101 23 45 46 + 1035 46 = 0
F is continuous on [0, 2]
f (m2 ).2m =
1
100
F (45 ) = F (46) = 0
f (m 2 ).2m = af (a 2 ) + bf (b2 )
From (2) and (3) we get
2
\
\ Rolle's theorem is applicable.
Hence, there must exist at least one root of F ( x) = 0
(3)
f (u 2 ) 2u du = 2[a f (a 2 ) + b f (b2 )]
40.
f (t ) dt = 2[a f (a 2 ) + b f (b2 )]
(Using eqn (1))
dP( x )
> P( x ), ", x 1 and P (1) = 0
dx
dP( x) - x
- e P (x) > 0
dx
d -x
e P( x) > 0
dx
ex P(x) is an increasing function.
-x
[Using P (1) = 0]
Now, F (451/100 ) =
102
(45)100
f ( x ) = - sin x -
101
2
100
45.(45)
(2)
3 p p 1
p
f = p + 1 - + 1 = - > 0
2
2 2 4 2
Let x = p be the point at which the max. of f (x) occurs [NOTE
There will be only one max. point in [0, p/2]. Since f '(x) = 0 is
only once in the interval.]
Consider , x [0, p]
f ' (x) > 0 f (x) is an increasing function.
f (0) f ( x) [as 0 x]
f ( x) 0
..... (4)
+ 1035(45)100
Y = f (x)
Dec.
3
>0
p
3
3
and f (p / 2) = 2 - (p + 1) = -1 - < 0
(3)
p
p
Equation (1), (2) and (3) shows that.
There exists a certain value of x [0, p / 2] for which
f ' (x) = 0 and this point must be a point of maximum for
f (x) since the sign of f ' (x) changes from +ve to ve.
Also we can see that f (0) = 0 and
Inc.
45
=
(45)100 - 23 45(45)100
2
2
100
45.(45)
.... (1)
Also for x [ p, p / 2]
f ' (x) < 0 f (x) is decreasing function.
..... (5)
for x < p/2, f (x) > f (p/2) > 0
y
101
100
2323(45)
3
f ( x) = cos x + 2 - (2 x + 1)
p
Also f (0) = 3 -
3 x( x + 1)
p
6
< 0, " x [0, p / 2]
p
f ' (x) is a decreasing function.
dP( x)
- P( x) > 0
dx
Multiplying by ex, we get,
e- x
Let us consider,
+ 1035(45)100 = 0
x = p x = p/2
23
41. Given that,
43. g (x) = (f ' (x))2 + f '' (x) f (x) =
f ( x + h) - f ( x)
< |h|
h
lim
h0
f ( x + h) - f ( x)
< d (a small +ve number)
h
3a 2b + c = 0
p' (x) has min. at x = 1
\ p'' (1) = 0
6a + 2b = 0
Solving (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv), we get
From (iv), b = 3a
From (iii), 3a + 6a + c = 0 c = 9a
1.
...... (i)
...... (ii)
p p
\ On , f (x) is neither increasing non decreasing.
2 2
...... (iii)
(B) r
COMPREHENSION BASED Q UESTIONS :
...... (iv)
1.
b = 3, c = 9, d = 5
\ p (x) = x3 3x2 9x + 5
p' (x) = 3x2 6x 9 = 0
3 (x + 1) (x 3) = 0
x = 1 is a point of max. (given)
and x = 3 is a point of min.
[ Q max. and min. occur alternatively]
\ points of local max. is ( 1, 10) and
local min. is (3, 22).
And distance between them is
= [3 - (-1) 2 ] + (-22 - 10)2
= 16 + 1024 = 1040 = 4 65
d
( f ( x) f '( x)) = 0
dx
i.e. of g (x) = 0
d
( f ( x) f '( x))
dx
y
y=x
O
x
x'
y = ke , k < 0
y'
2.
dx curve1
dx curve 2
24
1
also y1 = ke x1 and y1 = x1
k
x1 = 1 1 = ke k = 1/e
(a) Q For y = x to be tangent to the curve
y = kex, k = 1/e
\ For y = kex to meet y = x at two points we should
x
e1 =
3.
1
1
k 0, as k > 0.
e
e
(c) For the statement P
f(x) + 2x = 2 (1 + x2)
(1 x)2 sin2x + x2 + 2x = 2(1+ x2)
(1 x)2 sin2x = x2 2x + 1 + 1
(1 x)2 sin2x = (1 x)2 + 1
(1 x)2 cos2x = 1
Which is not possible for any real value of x.
\ P is not true.
Also let H(x) = 2f(x) + 1 2x (1 + x)
H(0) = 2f(0) + 1 0 = 1
and H(1) = 2f(1) + 1 4 = 3
H(x) has a solution in (0, 1)
\ Q is true.
7.
have k <
4.
5.
1
\ In 0, , g(x) < 0
4
x
e (f (x) f (x)) < 0
f (x) < f(x)
1.
and A = {x | x 2 + 20 9 x}
2(t - 1)
A = x | x 2 - 9 x + 20 0
A = { x | ( x - 4)( x - 5) 0}
A = [4, 5]
2( x - 1)
\ g '( x ) =
- ln x f ( x )
x+1
Also f ( x) = 6 x2 - 30 x + 36 = 6( x 2 - 5x + 6)
2( x - 1)
ln x
x +1
1 -(x - 1)2
=
< 0, x (1, )
h(x) =
( x + 1)2 x ( x + 1)2 x
\ h(x) is decreasing function.
\ For x > 1
h(x) < h(1)
h(x) < 0 " x > 1
\ g(x) < 0 " x (1, )
\ g(x) is decreasing on (1, ).
= 6( x - 2)( x - 3)
Clearly " x A, f ( x ) > 0
\ f is strictly increasing function on A.
\ Maximum value of f on A
6.
d x
d x
e f (x)
e f (x) 1
dx
dx
d x
e f (x) e x f (x) 1
dx
d d x
e f (x) 1
dx dx
= f (5) = 2 53 - 15 52 + 36 5 - 48
= 250 375 + 180 48 = 430 423 = 7.
2.
4
3
2
(0) Let p( x ) = ax + bx + cx + dx + e
p ( x)
Now lim 1 + 2 = 2
x0
x
p( x )
lim
=1
x 0 x 2
p(0) = 0 e = 0
...(1)
d =0
Again applying L Hospitals rule, we get
p ( x)
lim
= 1 p (0) = 2
x0 2
2 c = 2 or c = 1
p( x) = ax 4 + bx 3 + x 2
p ( x ) = 4ax 3 + 3bx 2 + 2 x
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25
As p(x) has extremum at x =1 and 2
\
4a + 3b + 2 = 0
...(i)
32a + 12b + 4 = 0 or 8a + 3b + 1 = 0
...(ii)
2
x - x + 1, - 1 x 0
=
2
x - x + 1, 0 < x < 1
2
x + x - 1, x 1
From graph of the function, we observe there are 5
points of local maximum or local minimum.
1
and b = -1
4
1 4
x - x3 + x2
4
p( x) =
5.
16
-8+ 4 = 0
4
2x - 1
We have f (x) = -2 x - 1
-2 x + 1
2x + 1
dy
= x3
dx
dy y
= x2
dx x
x dx = 1
ve
1
\ y. =
x
1
x2
+C
x 2 dx =
x
2
6.
x3
y=
+ Cx
2
1
+C C = 3 2
2
\ y=
x3 3 x
+
2
2
At x = 3, y =
27 9
=9
2 2
\ f (3) = 9.
4.
(1) We have ,
f (x) = 2010 ( x 2009)( x 2010)2 ( x 2011)3 ( x 2012)4
,
x < -1
, -1 x 0
,
,
0< x<1
x >1
1 -1
, , -1, 0 and 1
2 2
+ve ve +ve ve +ve
1
0
1
We observe at five points f (x) changes its sign
\ There are 5 points of local maximum or local minimum.
(9) Q p(x) has a local maximum at x = 1 and a local minimum
at x = 3 and p(x) is a real polynomial of least degree
\ Let p(x) = k (x 1)(x 3 ) = k(x2 4x + 3)
x3
p(x) = k
- 2 x 2 + 3 x + C
3
3
\ p(x) = 3(x 1)(x 3) p(0) = 9
As f (1) = 1 At x = 1, y = 1
\ 1=
I.F. = e
Alternative
dy
dy
Y = x
y
dx
dx
Its y-intercept = y x
7.
x2 y 2
+
= 1 at
4
3
- 3
3
P h,
4 - h 2 and Q h,
4 - h 2
2
2
As f ( x) = ln g ( x)
P
g ( x) = e f ( x) g '( x) = e f ( x) . f '( x)
For max/min, g '( x) = 0 f '( x) = 0
Out of two points one should be a point of maxima and
other that of minima.
\ There is only one point of local maxima.
(h, 0)
Q
26
\ D(h) is a decreasing function.
xh y 3
+
4 - h2 = 1
4
6
Tangent at P is
4
which meets x-axis at R , 0
h
Area of DPQR =
i.e., D(h) =
1
3 4 - h2
2
32
4-
3
4
\ D1 =
1
2
2
- h
h
3 (4 - h 2 )3 2
2
h
D2 =
4 - h 2 (h 2 + 2)
dD
<0
= - 3
2
dh
1.
x2 + y 2
at
= -1
cos t -
b min
5.
(b)
ax3 bx 2
+
+ cx f (0) = 0 and f (1)
3
2
f ( x ) = 2 x3 - 9ax 2 + 12a 2 x + 1
1 = (2 - 1)3 + D D = 0
\ f (x) = ( x 1)3
6.
\ a 2 = 2a a = 2or a = 0
but a > 0, therefore, a = 2.
Given
dy
9
9
= 2 =2 y =
dx
y
2
dx
dy
= - a sin q and
= a cos q
dq
dq
dy
= - cot q.
dx
\ The slope of the normal at q = tan q
\ The equation of the normal at q is
As per question p 2 = q
dy
dy 9
= 18
=
dx
dx y
(d)
y 2 = 18 x 2 y
(a)
9
8
\ f ( x ) = 3 x 2 - 6 x + 3 = 3( x - 1) 2
4.
D1 - 8D2 = 45 36 = 9
a b
2a + 3b + 6c
+ +c =
=0
3 2
6
Also f (x) is continuous and differentiable in [0, 1] and
[0, 1[. So by Rolles theorem, f (x) = 0.
i.e ax2 + bx + c = 0 has at least one root in [0, 1].
(d)
33 3 9
=
2 1
2
f ( x) = 3 x 2 - 6 x + c
3.
45
5
8
9 9
\ Required point is ,
8 2
=a+b
\ Maximum distance from origin = a + b
2.
Putting in y 2 = 18 x x =
at
a 2 + b2 - 2ab cos t - ;
a 2 + b 2 + 2ab
1
1
h 1 D max = D and Dmin = D(1)
2
2
ax3 bx 2
+
+ cx
3
2
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f ( x) =
27
Being polynomial, it is continuous and differentiable,
also,
f (0) = 0 and f (1) =
a b
+ +c
3 2
11.
2a + 3b + 6c
= 0 (given)
6
\ f (0) = f (1)
\ f (x) satisfies all conditions of Rolles theorem
therefore f (x) = 0 has a root in (0, 1)
Given a1 0 f (0) = 0
f (1) =
8.
(a cos q, b sin q)
A
(d)
D
(a cos q, - b sin q)
x = a ( cos q + q sin q)
dx
= a ( - sin q + sin q + q cos q )
dq
dx
= aq cos q
dq
1
x 2
1
+ is of the form y + where y + 2 and
y
2 x
y
equality holds for y = 1
f (x) =
1 2
x 2
+ f '( x ) = - 2 = 0
2 x
2 x
x2 = 4 or x = 2, 2;
.....(1)
dy
= a [ cos q - cos q + q sin q ]
dq
dy
= aq sin q
.....(2)
dq
From equations (1) and (2) we get
dy
= tan q Slope of normal = cot q
dx
Equation of normal at 'q ' is y a (sin q q cos q )
= cot q (x a (cos q + q sin q )
4
x3
1 2
x sin q
2
p
2
p
1 2
x at sin q = 1, q =
2
2
14. (c) Using Lagrange's Mean Value Theorem
Let f (x) be a function defined on [a, b]
Amax =
then, f '(c) =
f (b ) - f ( a )
b-a
....(i)
c [a, b]
d 4 3
dv
= 50 cm3/min
pr = 50
dt
3
dt
dr
= 50
4pr
dt
f ''( x) =
y = a ( sin q - q cos q)
x
= 1 i.e.,
2
at x = 2
ALTERNATE SOLUTION :
9.
X
C
( - a cos q, - b sin q)
2
c=
dr
50
1
loge 3 c = 2 log3e
cm/min (here r = 10+5)
dt = 4 p(15) 2 =
18p
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1
x
28
15. (d) Given f (x) = tan1 (sin x + cos x)
f '(x) =
1 + (sin x + cos x)
d2y
.(cos x - sin x )
dx 2 x = p
1 + (sin x + cos x) 2
18.
f '(x) =
p
p
and maxima at x =
3
3
(b) Let f (x) = x7 + 14x5 + 16x3 + 30x 560
f '(x) = 7x6 + 70x4 + 48x2 + 30 > 0, " x R
f is an increasing function on R
19.
2
sin ( x ), if x < 0
=
2
sin ( x ), if x 0
2
sin x , if x < 0
=
2
sin x , if x 0
2 x cos x 2 , if x < 0
\ (go f ) (x) =
2
2 x cos x , if x 0
Here we observe
L (go f ) (0) = 0 = R (go f ) (0)
go f is differentiable at x = 0
and (go f ) is continuous at x = 0
\ 2 cos q + sin q 2
Hence max. value of p + q is 2
ALTERNATE SOLUTION :
Since, p and q are positive real numbers
p2 + q2 = 1 (Given)
Using AM GM
2
p + q
p 2 + q2 + 2 pq
2
pq
( pq) =
\
2
4
1 + 2 pq
pq 1 + 2pq 4pq
4
1 2pq
or,
2pq 1
1
1
pq
or,
pq
2
2
Now, (p + q)2 = p2 + q2 + 2pq
(p + q)2 1 + 2
17.
1
p+q 2
2
(a) Let y = x3 px + q dy = 3 x 2 p
dx
For
dy
p
= 0 3x2 p = 0 x =
dx
3
d2y
dx 2
= 6x
p p
Hence, f (x) is increasing when n - ,
2 4
(c) Given that p2 + q2 = 1
= ve
1 + (sin x + cos x ) 2
if f (x) > O then f (x) is increasing function.
p
p p
Hence f (x) is increasing, if - < x + <
2
4 2
3p
p
<x<
4
4
16.
dx 2 x = p
1 + (sin x + cos x) 2
p
2 cos x +
d2y
\ y has minima at x =
p
p
= + ve and
1
2.
cos x sin x
2
20.
\
(a)
9a 2
>0
32
Hence a, b > 0 P' (x) = 4 x 3 + 3ax2 + 2bx > 0
"x > 0
9a2 32 b < 0
b>
29
\
\
=
x
(t 2,
y2 = x
t)
x
8
dy
= 0 1- 3 = 0 x = 2 y = 3
\
dx
x
Equation of tangent is y 3 = 0 (x 2) y = 3
22. (c)
k - 2 x, if x -1
f ( x) =
2 x + 3, if x > -1
2x + 3
k-2x
1
25. (c)
This is true where k = 1
23. (d)
f ( x) =
e + 2e
f '( x ) =
-x
(e
e
e
2x
+2
(e 2 x + 2) e x - 2e 2 x .e x
2x
+ 2)
5p
x = 2 p, p 0,
f ''( x) = x cos x +
f '( x) = 0 e 2 x + 2 = 2e 2 x
ex = 2
e2 x = 2
2
1
=
maximum f (x) =
4
2 2
0 < f ( x)
1
2 2
"x R
1
1
Since 0 < <
for some c R
3 2 2
2 x
1
2 x
sin x
(2 x cos x + sin x)
At x = p, f ''( x ) < 0
Hence, local maxima at x = p
At x = 2p , f ''( x) > 0
Hence local minima at x = 2p
26. (b) Y y =
dy
( X - x)
dx
Y
1
3
(a) Shortest distance between two curve occurred along
the common normal
Slope of normal to y2 = x at point P(t2, t) is 2t and
slope of line y x = 1 is 1.
As they are perpendicular to each other
\ ( 2t ) = 1
t=
f ( c) =
24.
3 2
8
B (0, y-xdy/dx)
(x, y)
1
2
1 1
\ P ,
4 2
1 1
1
and shortest distance = 2 4
2
A (x y)/(dy/dx), 0)
Y
X-intercept = x -
y
dy / dx
30
Differentiating both the sides, w.r.t 't' we get,
xdy
dx
According to given statement
Y-intercept = y
x-
dV
dr
= 4pr 2
dt
dt
y
xdy
= 2 x and y = 2y
dy
dx
-y
=x
dy
dx
- xdy
=y
dx
and
4 3
pr
3
r3 = 3 243 = 3 35 = 36 = (32)3 r = 9
V = 972 p m3
dx dy
+
=0
x
y
Also, we have
c
x
Since the above line passes through the point (2,3)
\ c=6
y=
6
Hence y = is the required equation.
x
27. (b)
29.
1
+ 2bx + a
x
At x = 1, f(x) = 1 2b + a =0
a 2b = 1
\ f '( x) =
At x = 2,
tan x
>1
x
f(x) =
a + 4b = -
y = tan x
Thus, f ' ( x ) =
y=x
O
...(i)
1
+ 4b + a = 0
2
1
2
...(ii)
1
1
On solving (i) and (ii) we get a = , b = 2
4
In left neighbourhood of 0
tan x < x, tan x > 1 as ( tan x < 0)
x
1 x 1 2 - x2 + x
- + =
2x
x 2 2
2
- ( x + 1)( x - 2 )
-x2 + x + 2 - x - x - 2
=
=
=
2x
2x
2x
28.
dV
= 72 p
dt
(b) Given, f ( x ) = ln x + bx 2 + ax
In right neighbourhood of 0
\ 972 p =
dr 2
dr
=
72 p = 4 p 9 9
dt 9
dt
tan x
, x0
f ( x) = x
1, x = 0
tan x > x,
dV
= 72 p
dt
After 49 min, Volume = (4500 49 72)p
= (4500 3528)p
= 972 p m3
+
1
So maxima at x = 1,2
Hence both the statements are true and statement 2 is
at x = 0, f ( x) = 1
a correct explanation for 1.
30.
(c)
Equation of a line passing through (x1,y1) having
x = 0 is the point of minima
slope
m is given by y y1 = m (xx1)
So Statement 1 is true. Statement 2 obvious.
Since the line PQ is passing through (1,2) therefore its
4
equation is
(c) Volume of spherical balloon = V = pr 3
3
(y 2) = m (x 1)
where
m is the slope of the line PQ.
4pr 3
3
Now,
point
P (x,0) will also satisfy the equation of PQ
4500 p =
(Q Given, volume = 4500pm )
3
\ y 2 = m (x 1)
0 2 = m (x 1)
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31
2 = m (x 1)
x1=
x=
-2
m
-2
+1
m
Also, OP = ( x - 0 ) 2 + ( 0 - 0 )2 = x = -2 + 1
m
Similarly, point Q (0,y) will satisfy equation of PQ
\ y 2 = m (x 1)
y 2 = m (1) y = 2 m and OQ = y = 2m
Area of DPOQ =
1
1
2
(OP)( OQ) = 1 - ( 2 - m)
2
2 m
1
(Q Area of D = base height )
2
1
4
1
4
2 - m - + 2 = 4 - m +
2
m
2
m
=2-
m 2
2 m
Now, f '' ( m) =
m= 2
-4
m3
=-
1
<0
2
1
>0
2
Area will be least at m = 2
Hence, slope of PQ is 2.
f '' ( m)
m = -2
t dt , x R
0
dy
= x
dx
dy
=2
dx
x=2
(1,2)
Points y =
m2 = 4 m = 2
Put f (m) = 0
therefore
-1 2
+
2 m2
Now, f ' ( m) =
f '' ( m)
m 2
2 m
t dt = 2
\ equation of tangent is
y 2 = 2(x 2) or y + 2 = 2(x + 2)
x-intercept = 1.