No.

Pendaftaran:________________

STAB 2003/STAB 2004

SECTION A ( 30 MARKS)
Instruction: Choose the most correct answer for each question. Answer the questions in the OMR
form.
1.

2.

The variable of interest in an ANOVA procedure is called

A)

a partition

B)

a treatment

C)

a factor

D)

an experimental unit

E)

a replicate

In the ANOVA, treatment refers to

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

3.

The required condition for using an ANOVA procedure on data from several populations
is that the
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

4.

experimental units
different levels of a factor
the dependent variable
weighing the mouse
the response

selected samples are dependent on each other

sampled populations are all uniform
sampled populations have equal variances
sampled populations have equal means
none of the above

You wish to measure the effects of 2 independent variables on a single dependent

variable. Which of the following experimental designs are appropriate?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

A completely randomized design

A blocked design
A factorial design
A Latin squares design
A replicated design

No. Pendaftaran:________________
5.

6.

7.

8.

STAB 2003/STAB 2004

When you use experimental blocks in an experiment, you normally wish to

A)
minimize the within block variation
B)
minimize the among block variation
C)
compare the mean difference between blocks
D)
compare the mean difference of independent variables within blocks
E)
minimize treatment differences
In a _______ design, it is assumed that no interaction is present between the factors of
interest and the blocks.
A)

randomized block

B)

2-way factor

C)

completely randomized

D)

one-way ANOVA

E)

any factorial

If a RCBD is used to test for a difference between 8 different brands of lawn mowers
using 48 total observations and 6 different customers, the degrees of freedom to test the
null hypothesis that there is no difference in the 8 brands of lawn mowers will be
A)

7, 74

B)

5, 7

C)

7, 13

D)

5, 48

E)

7, 35

A 3 X 3 factirial experiment implies that the experiment has _______ factors, each of
them has _________ levels resulting in _______ treatments.
A)

9, 3, 3

B)

3, 3, 9

C)

2, 3, 6

D)

2, 3, 9
2

No. Pendaftaran:________________
E)
9.

10.

A)

level, interaction

B)

replication, variation

C)

interaction, factors

D)

variation, interaction

E)

factors, levels

In order to determine whether or not the means of two populations are equal

is referred to as a

curvilinear model
curvilinear model with one predictor variable
simple second-order model with one predictor variable
simple first-order model with one predictor variable
a quadratic model

Which of the following is FALSE about Latin square design?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

13.

a t test must be performed

an ANOVA must be performed
either a t test or ANOVA can be performed
a chi-square test must be performed
a non-parametric test must be performed

The following model

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

12.

1, 1, 3

In the 2-way factorial, it is necessary to obtain two or more ________ for each treatment
in order to measure __________ due to error.

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
11.

STAB 2003/STAB 2004

Can be used when estimation of interaction effects is desired

Cannot afford to estimate interaction effects
Blocks simultaneously two extraneous factors
Is an example of an incomplete block design
Every block must contain all treatments

Which of the following purposes is/are NOT served by replication?

I.
II.

Provides a means for estimating experimental error

Increase the number of treatment effects
3

No. Pendaftaran:________________

14.

III.

Improve the precision of estimates of treatment effects

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

I and II
I and III
II and III
I, II and III
II only

Which of the following is FALSE about pseudoreplication?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

15.

STAB 2003/STAB 2004

The sources of variation include experimental and sampling errors

It is a form of subsampling
It involves more than one observation in an experimental unit
Three fish in a tank are considered as pseudoreplicates
It corresponds to the experimental error in ANOVA table

The difference between factorial and split-plot treatment structures is

I.
II.
III.
IV.

only split-plot has 2-stages of randomization.

only factorial can estimate interaction
split-plot is more efficient when the factors require different sizes of experimental
units
only factorial involves restricted randomization in CRD

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

I, II, III, and IV

I and II
I and III
I, II and III
II, III and IV

SECTION B ( 20 MARKS)
Instruction: Answer ALL questions in the space provided.
1.

Tell how the randomization procedure for the CRD is different from the RCBD?
(2 marks)
CRD - each experimental unit is randomly assigned.
RCBD- each replicate is grouped into a block and treatments are randomized within
each replicate.
4

No. Pendaftaran:________________
2.

STAB 2003/STAB 2004

Write the linear model for one factor in RCBD, and then define each term. (2 marks)
Yim = u + pi + tm + eim where Yim= observations, pi =ith block effect, tm =mth
treatment effect and eim= random residual

3.

Now expand your model in question (2) for 2-factor factorial in RCBD. (2 marks)
Yijk = u + pi + Aj + Bk + ABjk + eijk where tm = Aj + Bk +ABjk.

4.

What is the minimum size Latin square on which a complete analysis can be obtained?
(2 marks)
3x3

5.

Why are 3x3 Latin squares seldom used? (2 marks)

Small df in error term

6.

What is the difference, if any, between a 3 to the fourth power factorial and a 3 x 4
factorial? (2 marks)
A 3 to the fourth power factorial has four factors each having 3 levels. A 3 x 4
factorial has factor A with 3 levels and factor B with 4 levels.

7.

Indicate the degrees of freedom for all error terms using RCBD given the following
conditions (Replicate = 4, Factors A=5, B=2, C=3). (2 marks)
87

8.

Why the test for subplot is more accurate compared to the main plot?
Because the subplots are more homogeneous than the main plot, consequently can
detect the differences between the levels of the factor within the main plot more
accurately.

9.

Using the property of Var(cX)= c2 Var(X), show that the standard error of mean = /n. (2
marks)
Var (Xbar) = 1/n2 . n2 =1/n. 2 so std. error of Xbar= /n

10.

Suppose for some reasons (for example, computer package unavailability) or purely a
mistake, you analyzed a 2-factor nested experiment as a factorial experiment. How could
you modify the results to get the correct nested analysis? (2 marks)
Nested analysis does not have interaction SS, so use the relationship SS B(A) = SS
(B) + SS (AB) to get the correct nested SS. Similarly do the same to df.

No. Pendaftaran:________________

STAB 2003/STAB 2004

SECTION C ( 50 MARKS)
Instruction: Answer ALL questions in the space provided.
1.

Fill in the following diagram with possible randomizations for a CRD and RCBD. Be
sure you assign treatments to the experimental units in such a way that the CRD cannot
be mistaken for a RCBD. Assume the numbers of treatment and replication are 5 and 3,
respectively.
a)

CRD (3 marks)

b)

RCBD (3 marks)

CRD
6

No. Pendaftaran:________________

STAB 2003/STAB 2004

RCBD

c)

Define experimental error for the RCBD units. (2 marks)

Experimental error is due to the failure of treatment observations to have the
same relative rank in all replicates.

d)

What should you conclude if you find that the F-test for replications is significant
in RCBD? (2 marks)
Block effect is significant and that you were successful and correct in not
choosing the CRD as the design

2.

Briefly describe the experimental design you would choose for the following situations
and give the partial ANOVA table showing the sources of variation and their
corresponding degrees of freedom. (Be sure to tell about experimental units, blocks,
factors, etc.)
a)

An agriculturalist investigates the effect of four different fertilizers on corn yield.

She designs an experiment quartering each of four fields and applying a different
fertilizer to each quarter field. At the end of the growing season she weighs the
usable corn produced in each of the 16 quarter fields. (5 marks)
Randomized complete block design in which the 4 fields are used as blocks.
Within each field, four fertilizers (factor) are assigned randomly, one
fertilizer to each quarter plot (units of experiment).
ANOVA
Sources
Block
Fertilizer

df
3
3
7

No. Pendaftaran:________________
Error
Total
b)

STAB 2003/STAB 2004

9
15

One of the major expenses in animal experiments is feeding the animals. A

company salesperson has made the claim that the new feed (35% less expensive)
is equivalent to the two standard feeds on the market. You wish to test the claim
by measuring the weight gain of rat pups on these three feeds. You have 30
uniform rat pups available. (5 marks)
One-factor design or CRD because the pups are uniform. Randomly assign
10 pups to each feed.
ANOVA
Feed
Error
Total

c)

2
27
29

We wish to determine the amount of salt to put in microwave popcorn so that it

has the best overall acceptability. We will test three levels of salt: low, medium,
and high. We have recruited 25 volunteers to taste the popcorns, and while we
expect the individual volunteers to be reasonably consistent in their own personal
ratings, we expect large volunteer to volunteer differences in overall ratings.
(5 marks)
Randomized block design. Treatment factor = Salt and blocking factor =
volunteer.
Model: Y= salt + volunteer.
ANOVA
Volunteer
24
Salt
2
Error
48
Total
74

d)

We wish to study the effects of two food additives (plus a control treatment for a
total of 3 treatments) on the milk production of cows. We have 3 large herds
available, each of a different breed, and we expect an age effect, which we make
explicit by dividing the cows into 3 groups: those which have had 0, 1, and 2 or
more previous calves. We have enough resources to study on only 27 animals.
(5 marks)

No. Pendaftaran:________________

STAB 2003/STAB 2004

3x3x3 factorial design. The three factors are breed, age, and diet (control + 2
food additives). Let A denote breed, B denote age, and C denote diet.
Model:
Y=A+B+C+AB+AC+BC+ABC.

3.

SOURCE

D.F.

3-1=2

3-1=2

3-1=2

AB

2*2=4

AC

2*2=4

BC

2*2=4

ABC

2*2*2=8

Total

26

The effect of five different treatments (A, B, C, D and E) on the root weight for marigold
was studied in an experiment. There were 25 plots arranged in rows and columns which
correspond to actual rows and columns in a field and a Latin square was used to allocate
the treatments to the plots. The data are shown below. The last column in the table
contains the row totals and the last row the column totals respectively.
Column
Row
1
2
3
4
5
Total

1
376(D)
316(B)
326(C)
317(E)
321(A)
1656

2
371(E)
338(D)
326(A)
343(B)
332(C)
1710

3
355(C)
336(E)
335(B)
330(A)
317(D)
1673

4
356(B)
356(A)
343(D)
327(C)
318(E)
1700

5
335(A)
332(C)
330(E)
336(D)
306(B)
1639

Total
1793
1678
1660
1653
1594
8378

No. Pendaftaran:________________

STAB 2003/STAB 2004

The totals for the treatments in the order A, B, C, D and E are equal to 1668, 1656, 1672,
1710 and 1672 respectively.
a)

Treating the rows and columns as two systems of blocks, write down the analysis
of variance for this experiment showing sources of variation and degrees of
freedom. (4 marks)
Rows
Column
Treatment
Error
Total

b)

4
4
4
12
24

Calculate the sum of squares for `rows' and for 'columns'. (3 marks)
SS Rows: (17932 + 16782 + 16602 + 16532 + 15942)/5 (83782/25)
= 2811875.6 2807635.3 = 4240.3
SS Column: (16562 + 17102 + 16732 + 17002 + 16392)/5 2807635.3
= 2808337.2 2807635.3 = 701.9

c)

The sum of squares for treatments is equal to SS(treatments) = 330.24 and the
sum of squares for the residual is equal to SS(residual) = 1754.32. Test whether
the treatments have a significant effect at the 5% level. (3 marks)
MS(Treatment) = 82.56
MSE = 146.19
F* = 82.56/146.19 = 0.565 and F4,12 (0.05) = 3.26
F* < F4,12 (0.05) so treatments are not significantly different

4.

An experiment is to be conducted to investigate the effects of two

types of wood pretreatment (1 and 2) and four types of varnish (A, B,
C and D) on the water resistance property of wood. Assume that three
replicates are sufficient for the experiment.
a)

Briefly show how you would conduct the experiment using

factorial arrangement in CRD. (5 marks)
To conduct this experiment in a randomized fashion, you would need eight
wood panels for each full replicate of the design. You would then randomly
assign a particular pretreatment and stain combination to each wood panel.
Altogether you would need 24 wood panels.

b)

Briefly show how you would conduct the experiment using splitplot arrangement in CRD. (5 marks)

10

No. Pendaftaran:________________

STAB 2003/STAB 2004

Apply each of the pretreatment types (1 and 2) to an entire board, then cut

each board into four pieces and apply the four stain types to the smaller
pieces. The experimental units for the two factors in this experiment are not
the same. For the pretreatment factor, the experimental units the entire
board, but for the stain factor, the experimental unit is one of the small panels
cut from the large board. Altogether requires only 6 wood panels.

11