Excel Sheet For Gravity RWall Design

Design of Masonary Retaining Wall with Back Face in Batter
Design parameters :
River/Nalla Discharge Q =
144.70
Ground water Table LVL =
368.50 m
371.20 m
LVL of Retaining wall top head =

LVL of Retaining wall foundation LVL =
Lacey's Silt factor =
Bearing Capacity of Soil =
Density of saturated soil=
Density of wet soil =
Width of Ret Wall top Head (a)=
Height of Retaining wall top head (b) =
Height of batter above foundation block (c) =
Bottom width of batter at foundation block (d) =
Width of foundation block (e) =
Height of foundation block (f) =
Friction coeff betn base of footing and soil
Coefficient of active earth pressure Ka =
Coefficient of passive earth pressure Kp =
cumecs
367.50
1
16.5
2
1.75
0.6
0
3.7
2.6
3.2
0
t/m2
t/m3
t/m3
m
m
m
m
m
0.5
0.49
2.04
Evaluation of forces acting on the Retaining wall at El
367.50
(A) Vertical Forces
(i) Self weight of Retaining wall

(a) Weight of Triangular section (1)=
acting at a distance of
(b) Weight of Rectangular section (2)=
(c) Weight of Rectangular section (3)=
(d) Weight of Rectangular soil backfill (4) =
(e) Weight of Triangular soil backfill (5) =
(v) Up lift Force
Uplift force =
(B) Horizontal Forces
12.03
1.47
5.55
0.3
0.00
1.60
0.00
1.90
8.42
2.33
1.60
2.13
tonnes
m from
tonnes
m from
tonnes
m from
tonnes
m from
tonnes
m from
368.50 m
Intensity of pressure at HFL =

Horizontal force =
acting at height =
(b) Wet earth pressure effect below FSL due to wet soil
2.32
3.13
1.90
above
2.32
2.32
B
B
B
B
B
tonnes
m from B
(i) Wet earth pressure

(a) Wet earth pressure above HFL of
Intensity of pressure at FSL =

Horizontal force =
t/m2
tonnes
m above B
t/m2
tonnes
acting at height =
(ii) Saturated earth pressure
(a) Submerged earth pressure
Intensity of horizontal pressure at bottom
0.50
m above B
0.49
Hor. force due to submerge earth pressure =
0.25
0.33
t/m2
tonnes
m above B
acting at height
(b) Water pressure
Intensity of pressure at bottom =

1.00
t/m2
Horizontal force due to water pressure =
0.50
tonnes
acting at height =
0.33
m above B
(iii) Live Load Surcharge
Intesity of loading on backfill =
0.578 tonnes per sqm
Horizontal force =
1.05
tonnes
acting at height =
1.85
m above B
(vi) Passive Earth pressure of soil retained in front of Abutment
Int of Passive pressure at found block top
0.0
t/m2
Int Passive pressure at found block bottom LVL =
0.00
t/m2
Total Passive earth pressure on found block
0.00
t
Acting at height above found LVL
0.00
m
Consider stability of section at Level
367.50
(A) Vertical Forces

(i) Self weight of Abutment
(a) Weight of Triangular section (1)
(b) Weight of Rectangular section (2)
(c) Weight of Rectangular section (3)
(d) Weight of Rectangular soil backfill (4)
(d) Weight of Triangular soil backfill (5)
(ii) Up lift Force
(a) Wet earth pressure above FSL
(b) Wet earth pressure below FSL
(b) Water pressure
SUM
Base width at foundation block bottom Level (B)
m about X-X Axis

Vertical
Force
(Tons)
Particular of Forces
Horizontal Force Lever

(Tons)
arm (m)
12.03
1.47
0.3
1.60
1.90
2.33
2.13
5.55
0.00
0.00
8.42
-1.60
24.39
367.50
3.2
3.13
2.32
1.90
0.50
0.25
0.50
1.05
7.23
0.33
0.33
1.85
Net stabilising moment =
M M
26.25
The resultant will strike base at distance (x) =
ton.m
The eccentricity (e) about C.G. of Section at foundation block LVL =B/2 - x =
Check eccentricity e as compared to B/6 as (e<B/6)
No tension develops at any where within base section (Uncracked)
Maximum tension at heel =
Sliding Factor =
Factor of safety in overturning =

Factor of safety in sliding =
0.13
Maximum compression at toe =
H
V
6e
M
M
6e
1.08
0.52
15.11
0.30
< 16.5 t/m2

< 0.65 Hence Safe
3.07
> 2.0 Hence Safe
1.69
Safe in Sliding
m
1
tonnes/m2=
Safe
m from A
0.00
ton/m2
Safe
in Batter
b
5
c
M+ (t.m)
M-(t.m)
17.64
1.67
0.00
0.00
19.64
3.41
5.94
1.16
38.94
0.08
0.17
1.94
12.69
N/mm2
0.15
N/mm2

Design parameters :
144.70
366.50 m
369.20 m

cumecs
365.50
1
16.5
2
1.75
0.6
0
3.7
2.6
3.2
0
t/m2
t/m3
t/m3
m
m
m
m
m
0.5
0.49
2.04
365.50
(A) Vertical Forces

(v) Up lift Force
Uplift force =
12.03
1.47
5.55
0.3
0.00
1.60
0.00
1.90
8.42
2.33
1.60
2.13
tonnes
m from
tonnes
m from
tonnes
m from
tonnes
m from
tonnes
m from
366.50 m

Horizontal force =
acting at height =
2.32
3.13
1.90
above
2.32
2.32
B
B
B
B
B
tonnes
m from B


Horizontal force =
t/m2
tonnes
m above B
t/m2
tonnes
acting at height =
0.50
m above B
0.49
0.25
0.33
t/m2
tonnes
m above B
acting at height
(b) Water pressure

1.00
t/m2
0.50
tonnes
acting at height =
0.33
m above B
Horizontal force =
1.05
tonnes
acting at height =
1.85
m above B
0.0
t/m2
0.00
t/m2
0.00
t
0.00
m
365.50
(A) Vertical Forces

(ii) Up lift Force
(b) Water pressure
SUM
m about X-X Axis

Vertical
Force
(Tons)

(Tons)
arm (m)
12.03
1.47
0.3
1.60
1.90
2.33
2.13
5.55
0.00
0.00
8.42
-1.60
24.39
365.50
3.2
3.13
2.32
1.90
0.50
0.25
0.50
1.05
7.23
0.33
0.33
1.85
M M
26.25
ton.m
Sliding Factor =

0.13
H
V
6e
M
M
6e
1.08
0.52
15.11
0.30
< 16.5 t/m2

< 0.65 Hence Safe
3.07
> 2.0 Hence Safe
1.69
Safe in Sliding
m
1
tonnes/m2=
Safe
m from A
0.00
ton/m2
Safe
e in Batter
b
5
c
M+ (t.m)
M-(t.m)
17.64
1.67
0.00
0.00
19.64
3.41
5.94
1.16
38.94
0.08
0.17
1.94
12.69
N/mm2
0.15
N/mm2

Design parameters :
144.70
362.50 m
366.00 m

cumecs
361.50
1
16.5
2
1.75
0.6
0
4.5
3.15
3.75
0
t/m2
t/m3
t/m3
m
m
m
m
m
0.5
0.49
2.04
361.50
(A) Vertical Forces

(v) Up lift Force
Uplift force =
17.72
1.65
6.75
0.3
0.00
1.88
0.00
2.18
12.40
2.70
1.88
2.50
tonnes
m from
tonnes
m from
tonnes
m from
tonnes
m from
tonnes
m from
362.50 m

Horizontal force =
acting at height =
3.00
5.25
2.17
above
3.00
3.00
B
B
B
B
B
tonnes
m from B


Horizontal force =
t/m2
tonnes
m above B
t/m2
tonnes
acting at height =
0.50
m above B
0.49
0.25
0.33
t/m2
tonnes
m above B
acting at height
(b) Water pressure

1.00
t/m2
0.50
tonnes
acting at height =
0.33
m above B
Horizontal force =
1.27
tonnes
acting at height =
2.25
m above B
0.0
t/m2
0.00
t/m2
0.00
t
0.00
m
361.50
(A) Vertical Forces

(ii) Up lift Force
(b) Water pressure
SUM
m about X-X Axis

Vertical
Force
(Tons)

(Tons)
arm (m)
17.72
1.65
0.3
1.88
2.18
2.70
2.50
6.75
0.00
0.00
12.40
-1.88
35.00
361.50
3.75
5.25
3.00
2.17
0.50
0.25
0.50
1.27
10.27
0.33
0.33
2.25
M M
44.07
ton.m
Sliding Factor =

0.14
H
V
6e
M
M
6e
1.26
0.62
18.53
0.29
< 16.5 t/m2

< 0.65 Hence Safe
3.13
> 2.0 Hence Safe
1.70
Safe in Sliding
m
1
tonnes/m2=
Safe
m from A
0.00
ton/m2
Safe
e in Batter
b
5
c
M+ (t.m)
M-(t.m)
29.24
2.03
0.00
0.00
33.49
4.69
11.38
1.50
64.75
0.08
0.17
2.87
20.68
N/mm2
0.19
N/mm2
Design of Concrete Retaining Wall at KSB of CAD Chambal Project

Design parameters :
144.70
101.70 m
102.30 m

cumecs
100.00
1
10.5
2.00
1.75
0.45
0
2.3
2.00
2.45
0
t/m2
t/m3
t/m3
m
m
m
m
m

0.5
0.33
3.03
Concrete Grade M-15 to be used as bulk gravity Material
100.00
(A) Vertical Forces

(v) Up lift Force
Uplift force =
5.75
1.12
2.59
0.225
0.00
1.23
0.00
1.45
4.03
1.78
2.08
1.63
tonnes
m from
tonnes
m from
tonnes
m from
tonnes
m from
tonnes
m from
101.70 m

Horizontal force =
acting at height =
0.35
0.10
1.90
above
0.35
B
B
B
B
tonnes
m from B

t/m2
tonnes
m above B
t/m2
Horizontal force =
acting at height =
0.59
0.85
tonnes
m above B
0.56
0.48
0.57
t/m2
tonnes
m above B
acting at height
(b) Water pressure

1.70
t/m2
1.45
tonnes
acting at height =
0.57
m above B
Horizontal force =
0.44
tonnes
acting at height =
1.15
m above B
0.0
t/m2
0.00
t/m2
0.00
t
0.00
m
(A) Vertical Forces
(ii) Up lift Force
(b) Water pressure
SUM
100.00
m about X-X Axis

Vertical
Force
(Tons)

(Tons)
arm (m)
5.75
1.12
0.225
1.23
1.45
1.78
1.63
2.59
0.00
0.00
4.03
-2.08
10.28
0.10
0.59
1.90
0.85
0.48
1.45
0.44
3.05
0.57
0.57
1.15

100.00
M M
2.45
8.49
ton.m
0.83
m from A
0.40

Sliding Factor =

0.09
H
V
6e
M
M
6e
tonnes/m2=
Safe
8.30
0.30
< 10.5 t/m2

< 0.65 Hence Safe
2.49
> 2.0 Hence Safe
1.68
Safe in Sliding
0.00
ton/m2
Safe
As per IS-456 2000 clause 34.5.2 provide nominal reinforcement @ 140 mm spa cing c/c in both directions
bal Project Kota
b
5
c
M+ (t.m)
M-(t.m)
6.42
0.58
0.00
0.00
7.18
3.40
0.20
0.50
14.18
0.27
0.82
0.50
5.69
N/mm2
directions
0.08
N/mm2

Design parameters :
144.70
364.50 m
369.50 m

cumecs
363.50
1
16.5
2
1.75
0.6
0
6
4.25
4.85
0
t/m2
t/m3
t/m3
m
m
m
m
m
0.5
0.49
2.04
363.50
(A) Vertical Forces

(v) Up lift Force
Uplift force =
31.88
2.02
9.00
0.3
0.00
2.43
0.00
2.73
22.31
3.43
2.43
3.23
tonnes
m from
tonnes
m from
tonnes
m from
tonnes
m from
tonnes
m from
364.50 m

Horizontal force =
acting at height =
4.29
10.72
2.67
above
4.29
4.29
B
B
B
B
B
tonnes
m from B


Horizontal force =
t/m2
tonnes
m above B
t/m2
tonnes
acting at height =
0.50
m above B
0.49
0.25
0.33
t/m2
tonnes
m above B
acting at height
(b) Water pressure

1.00
t/m2
0.50
tonnes
acting at height =
0.33
m above B
Horizontal force =
1.70
tonnes
acting at height =
3.00
m above B
0.0
t/m2
0.00
t/m2
0.00
t
0.00
m
363.50
(A) Vertical Forces

(ii) Up lift Force
(b) Water pressure
SUM
m about X-X Axis

Vertical
Force
(Tons)

(Tons)
arm (m)
31.88
2.02
0.3
2.43
2.73
3.43
3.23
9.00
0.00
0.00
22.31
-2.43
60.76
363.50
4.85
10.72
4.29
2.67
0.50
0.25
0.50
1.70
17.45
0.33
0.33
3.00
M M
99.68
ton.m
Sliding Factor =

0.37
H
V
6e
M
M
6e
1.64
0.78
24.69
0.29
< 16.5 t/m2

< 0.65 Hence Safe
3.27
> 2.0 Hence Safe
1.74
Safe in Sliding
m
1
tonnes/m2=
Safe
m from A
0.00
ton/m2
Safe
e in Batter
b
5
c
M+ (t.m)
M-(t.m)
64.28
2.70
0.00
0.00
76.61
7.84
28.58
2.14
143.59
0.08
0.17
5.09
43.91
N/mm2
0.25
N/mm2
Design of R.C.C. Bridge Piers

Design parameters :
River / Nalla discharge Q =
144.70
Clear span between piers =

Thickness of road way deck slab =
F.S.L. of canal U/S of Cross regulator =
F.S.L. of canal D/S of Cross regulator =
Canal bed Level D/S of Cross Regulator =
Lacey's Silt factor (f) =
6.35
0.64
258.97
258.97
254.30
1.00
m
m

Width of roadway slab of bridge =
Weight of Railing per m run of bridge =
Weight of Gates per m length of bridge =
Eccen of C/L road deck slab from pier center=
Height of Pier upto Bed block LVL from CBL =
Thickness of Bed block =
Area of bridge Hoisting platform =
Top Level of Hoisting Arrangement =
Eccen of hoisting platform from pier center=
Width of pier
Length of pier at top bed block level =
Length of pier at CBL =
LVL of wearing top of road way deck slab =
LVL of deck slab bearing
LVL of top of foundation block of Pier
No of bays of canal
Length of Pier at FSL D/S of CR Gates
Length of Pier at CBL D/S of CR Gates
Length of foundation block at foundation LVL
Width of foundation block at foundation LVL
Height of foundation block at Pier-footing junct
Height of foundation block at edge of footing
(i) Foundation Level of Piers
Normal depth of scour (R) =0.47(Q/f)1/3
75
6.55
0.7
4.00
2.97
5.67
0.6
19.34
263.55
-3.02
1.15
14
14.55
261.27
260.57
254.3
9
7.75
8.02
18.55
5
1.6
1
t/m2
m
ton/m
ton/m
m
m
m
m2
Anticipated depth of scour around piers = 2.0 ( R ) =
cumecs
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
Nos
m
m
m
m
m
m
2.47
4.93
Level of foundation of Piers should not be less than 1 m below anticipated depth of scour
Level of foundation =
253.04 m
say 252.70 m
Evaluation of forces acting on the Pier

(a) Dead weight of super structure
(i) Weight of slab with wearing coat =
(ii) Weight of Kerbs =
(iii) Weight of Railings =
(v) Weight of Gates hoisting structures =
78.60
9.00
10.50
55.60
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
(vi) Weight of Gates and movement assembly

Total
30.00
183.70
tonnes
tonnes
(b) Live Loads

Maximum live load reaction on pier is obtained when fourth axle load 11.4 t at
(i) Reaction from right span =
14.48
tonnes
(ii) Reaction from left span =
11.41
tonnes
Total Live Load reactio on the Pier from live loads =
25.89
Impact Factor =
0.34
So Maximum live load reaction with impact =
34.60
tonnes
Eccentricity of live load
eccentricity of L.L. from center of pier about Y-Y axis =
3.75
eccentricity of L.L from center of pier about X-X axis =
0.00
center of pier
tonnes
m
m
(c) Braking Force

It is equal to 20% of total live load present on the bridge =
Reduced level of application of braking force =
Height of appication force above bearing level =
Increase in reaction due to braking force =
2.12
8.36
262.47
1.900
tonnes
m
m
(d) Temperature force due to sliding friction

Reaction on sliding end when loads are placed so as to produc maximum reaction at sliding end
Live load Reaction at sliding end =
12.24
tonnes
Impact factor =
0.34
Live load with impact =
16.36
tonnes
Dead Load reaction =
183.70 tonnes
Increase due to braking force =
2.12
tonnes
Total :
202.51
tonnes
Friction in sliding bearing ( with coeff. of sliding friction as 0.03) =
6.08
R.L. of point of application =
260.57 m
(e) Wind force
Since intensity of wind pressure depends upon the height of the point above mean retarding surface, so
two cases for calculation of wind forces have been considered
(i) When level of water in the canal is at F.S.L.
(ii) When depth of water is zero
(i) When level of water in the canal is at F.S.L.
Average height of elevation area =
4.58
Intensity of wind pressure =
46.3
Exposed Elevation area =

Total Wind force on structure =
34.35
1.59
261.26
Wind force on live load

Intensity of wind force =
Length of live load = length of one span =
Total wind force on live load =
300.00
7.50
2.25
m
kg/m
m2
tonnes
m
kg/m
m
tonnes
262.47
(ii) When depth of water is zero

Average height of area of elevation above bed level =
Intensity of wind pressure =
Exposed Elevation area =
Total wind force on structure =
85.0
66.8
5.68
259.10
8.91
kg/sqm
sqm
tonnes
m
Wind force on live load

Total wind force on live load =
2.25
262.47
tonnes
m
(f) Dead Loads of Sub Structure

(i) Dead Load of bed block
Plan area =
Thickness =
Weight of bed block =
21.35
0.6
Sqm
m
32.03
tonnes
89.33
tonnes
(ii) Dead Load of pier

Dead load of pier =
(iii) Force due to buoyancy

Plan area at F.S.L. =
15.76
Weight of Water displaced =
68.22
Force due to buoyancy allowing 15% upward force =
Sqm
tonnes
10.23
(g) Force on pier due to current of water

Maximum Velocity of flow (V) = Q/PR =
m/s
0.87
V=
2
Maximum value of depth of scour = 2.0 R =

Assuming variation of V2 to be linear than its value at bed level =
Pressure due to water current = K V2
Pressure at water level =
1.05
4.98
0.05
3.03
m
0.04
where K =
19.62
Pressure at bed level =

Area on which pressure acts =
Total force due to water current =
Height of center of pressure from bed level =
0.75
4.93
tonnes
26
kg/m
for pointed Nose 45 deg
kg/m2
Sqm
tonnes
m
(h) Force on pier due to current of water perpendicular to length of pier

Maximum variation in direction of current = 200
Maximum Velocity at top = V sin 20 =
0.30
V2=
Value of V2 at bed level =

Assuming K =
80
0.09
0.00
for rectangular shape
Pressure at water level =

Pressure at bed level =
Area on which pressure acts =
Total force due to water current =
Height of center of pressure from bed level =
7.06
kg/m2
0.16
66.66
0.24
3.08
kg/m2
Sqm
tonnes
m
(i) Force on pier due to pressure of water perpendicular to length of pier when water flows i
Lateral Forces on pier when one gate is opened for flow and adjacent one are closed F = h A
h=
2.35
m
Area under influence for water pressure =
34.14
sqm
Total pressure force F = h A =
80.17
tonnes
Center of pressure below water surface yp =( I0/A h ) + h
I0= h3(a2+4ab+b2)/36 a b=
yp=
2.56
Level of center of pressure above base =
16.98
m
256.410
(j) Force on Pier due to prestressed anchorage system

Force due to prestressed anchoring bars in grout =
Eccentricity of anchorage about X-X axis =
0.400
Eccentricity of anchorage about Y-Y axis =
3.220
m3
m
35.0
tonnes
m
m
Check for stresses in the pier at Bed Level with R.L. =

Area (A) =
Ixx=
Iyy=
16.07
254.30
Sqm
1.73
m4
262.03
m4
Case 1 : When Live load on the bridge and canal is running at F.S.L.
(i) Vertical dead loads
(a) Dead Load of super structure =
(b) Dead load of bed block =
(c) Dead Load due to self weight of Pier =
(d) Increase in reaction due to braking =
(ii) Live load with impact factor =
(iii) Buoyancy force acting upwards =
(iv) Vertical reaction from anchorage system =
So Net vertical downward force (P) =
183.70
32.03
89.33
2.12
34.60
-10.23
35.00
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
366.55 tonnes
Moment about x-x axis

Due to braking force =
68.30
Due to sliding friction =
38.09
Due to water current in perpendicular direction =
Due to water pressure when alternate gates open =
Due to vertical reaction from ground anchorage system =
Total Moment (Mx) =
262.28
say 263.00
t.m
t.m
0.74
169.14
-14.00
t.m
t.m
t.m
t.m
t.m
Moment about y-y axis

Due to eccentricity of dead Load of super structure (slab+Kerbs+Railing) =
Due to eccentricity of dead Load of super structure (Gate hoisting platform) =
Due to eccentricity of Live Load =
129.59 t.m
Due to wind force on super structure =
11.07
t.m
Due to wind force on live load =
18.38
t.m
Due to water current force in long. Dir =
0.16
t.m
Due to vertical reaction from ground anchor =
-112.70 t.m
Total Moment (My) =
79.34
t.m
say
80.00
t.m
Now stress =
My
P Mx
( xm )
( ym )
A I xx
I yy
Maximum compressive stress

Minimum compressive stress
com,max
com,min
112.03
-66.41
t/m2
t/m2 =
< 3000 t/m2 for M30 gra

-0.664
< 0.67 N/mm2 for M30 concrete grade permissible tensile stress casted in full height at a ti
Case 2 : When Live load on the bridge and No water in canal

(ii) Live load with impact factor =
183.70
32.03
89.33
2.12
34.60
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
341.78 tonnes

Total Moment (Mx) =
say
68.30
38.09
106.39
107.00
t.m
t.m
t.m
t.m

Due to eccentricity of dead Load of super structure (slab+Beam+Kerbs+Railing) =
129.59 t.m
11.07
t.m
18.38
t.m
Total Moment (My) =
191.88 t.m
say 192.00 t.m
Now stress =
My
P Mx
( xm )
( ym )
A I xx
I yy

com,max
com,min
61.64
-19.11
t/m2
(Tensile)
t/m2 =
< 3000 t/m2 for M30 gra

-0.191
< 0.67 N/mm2 for M30 concrete grade p
Check for stresses in the pier at foundation Level with R.L. =

Area (A) =
Ixx=
Iyy=
92.75
252.70
Sqm
193.23
m4
2659.63
m4
Case 1 : When Live load on the bridge and canal is running at F.S.L.
(e) Live load with impact factor =
(f) Buoyancy force acting upwards =
(g) Dead load of foundation block =

Due to water current in perpendicular direction =
Due to water pressure when alternate gates open =
Total Moment (Mx) =
say
183.70
32.03
89.33
2.12
34.60
-10.23
313.49
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
645.04 tonnes
81.68
47.81
428.11
429.00
t.m
t.m
1.21
297.41
t.m
t.m
t.m
t.m

129.59 t.m
13.61
t.m
21.98
t.m
Due to water current force in long. Dir =
0.26
t.m
Total Moment (My) =
198.28 t.m
say 199.00 t.m
Now stress =
My
P Mx
( xm )
( ym )
A I xx
I yy

com,max
com,min
13.20
(Compressive) t/m2
0.71
t/m2 =
Case 2 : When Live load on the bridge and No water in canal

(e) Live load with impact factor =
183.70
32.03
89.33
2.12
34.60
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
tonnes
(f) Dead Load of foundation block =
371.00
tonnes
712.78 tonnes

Total Moment (Mx) =
say
81.68
47.81
129.49
130.00
t.m
t.m
t.m
t.m

129.59
t.m
13.61
t.m
21.98
t.m
Total Moment (My) =
198.02 t.m
say 199.00 t.m
Now stress =
My
P Mx
( xm )
( ym )
A I xx
I yy

com,max
com,min
10.06
5.31
t/m2
t/m2 =
< 75 t/m2 (Compressive

0.053
Area of steel 0.3% of gross sectional area as per IRC 21

Provide 20 mm dia main reinforcement at spacing of 190 mm with ties bar 8 mm dia 190 mm.
Design of Prestressed anchors :

Design load for anchorage system :
35
tonnes
Taking load factor as 1.75 capacity of anchorage system :
61.25
tonnes
Minimum breaking load for 12.7 mm dia HT strands :
18737
kg
Factor of safety for tension in strand wire :
1.5
Ultimate tensile strength of tension wire :
12491.333 kg
No of strands required for anchorage system :
4.9033997 Nos
say
5
Nos
Hence use 12K13 anchorage system i.e 5 Nos HT wire strands for each anchor.
FIXED LENGTH :
Fixed length of anchorage bar :
Diameter of hole for each anchorage system =
110 mm
Permissible Bond stress between strata and grout =
2.9 kg/cm2
Fixed length required for each tendon =
3.84 m
say
3.90
m
Free length of strand as per IS 10270:1982
5.00
m
Total length of anchor for passsing design load :
9.90
m
12.49
Load
11.4
6.8
6.8
6.8
6.8
tonnes
tonnes
surface, so
Nose 45 degree angled
ter flows in alternate bays
291.36
-258.52
t.m
t.m
for M30 grade concrete

N/mm2
eight at a time
291.36
-258.52
t.m
t.m
for M30 grade concrete

N/mm2
rete grade permissible tensile stress
291.36
-258.52
t.m
t.m
< 75 t/m2 (Compressive strength of foundation rock)

0.007
N/mm2
O.K.
291.36
-258.52
t.m
t.m
ompressive strength of foundation rock)

N/mm2
O.K.
tonnes
position wrt heaviest load for L.L
Span
5.6
6.60
position wrt front wheel load for sliding friction cal
0
4.3
7.3
-13.3
-9
-6
10.3
13.3
-3
0
Thickness of slab as per MOST
0.6
0.65
Design of Reinforcement for foundation Block :

Bearing capacity of Soil/Rock :
Angle of internal friction of soil mass :
75
30.0
kN/m2
degree
Unit Weight of soil :

18.0
kN/m3
Coefficient of friction between soil and concrete :
0.5
Concrete Grade M 30 with cbc :
10.0
N/mm2
Steel of Grade Fe 415 with st
230.0
N/mm2
Design constants : For M 30 concrete and Fe 415 steel reinforcement we have the following :
Modular ratio m =280/3cbc=
9.33
Kbal=1/(1+(st/mcbc))=
0.289
5
jbal=1-kbal/3
0.904
Rc=0.5cbckbaljbal=
1.304
Ka= (1-sin)/(1+sin)=
+X
0.333
C
Consider dimensions of footing to be checked :
Length of column in x-x dir =
14.55
m
Width of column in y-y dir =
1.15
m
Length of footing base in x-x dir =
18.55
m
Width of footing base in y-y dir =
5
m
-Y
18.55
Moment about x-x direction =
4290.00 kN.m
Moment about y-y direction =
1990.00 kN.m
Vertical load on column =
6450.40 kN
Maximum soil pressure at toe =
131.99
kN/m2
Minimum soil pressure at heel =
7.10
kN/m2
Pressure intensity under column axis =
69.55
kN/m2
Intensity of soil pressure below the column face =
118.525 kN/m2
Cantilever length for bending about critical face =
2.00
m
Total force under cantilever length =
1252.57416 kN
D
Distance of centroid about critical face =
0.51
m
1.15
Bending moment about critical face =
637.51
kN.m
Width of section at crtical face =
1.631
m
Depth of footing base as required from bending consideration =
547.36
mm
Provide depth of footing base as
1540
mm
AS PER SCOURING DEPTH CRITERION AND IRC 21 DESIG
Effective cover of reinforcement=
60
mm
Total depth of footing base at column face =
1600
mm
Provide total depth of footing base at end =
1000
mm
Check for Shear Force
(a) Punching Shear force :
For punching shear stress point of view the crritical section occurs at distance d/2 from coloumn face.
Position of critical face =
770
mm from coloumn face
Eff. Length of critical plane for punching shear stress =
15.32
m
Eff. Width of critical plane for punching shear stress =
1.92
m
Punching shear force (F) =
4404.74 kN
Depth of section at punching shear line of influence =
1.3
m
Punching shear stress at section for critical punching shear force=
98.267
kN/m2
Permissible shear stress in punching shear = ks x 0.16 fck =
876.36
kN/m2
The section is safe from punching shear point of view O.K.

(a) One way Shear force :
For one way shear stress point of view the critical section occurs at
Position of critical face for oneway shear =
1540
Cantilever length to right of critical plane =
0.46
Intensity of pressure at critical plane =
128.89296
The section at critical plane will be trapezoidal with
Top width of trapezoid =
4.1145
m
Effective depth of critical section=
1078
mm
Depth of Neutral Axis = kd' =
311.18
mm
Width of section at neutral axis level =
6.111
Shear force at critical section =
300.02
kN
Shear stress at crtical section =
0.189
N/mm2
Permissible shear stress at section due to direct shear=
distance d from column face.

mm from column face
m
kN/m2
0.28
N/mm2
Section is safe in d
Design for bending Tension :

Area of steel required for bending (Ast) =
Area of steel wire 20 mm dia =
314
No of bars required for bending =
7
Provide 20 mm dia HYSD bars at spacing @
However provide 20 mm dia bars at spacing
Provide same spacing of bars in other direction also.
1991.47221 mm2
mm2
Nos
714.3
mm c/c
200.0
mm c/c at bottom of footing
+X
+Y
14.55
B
1.15
-X
ON AND IRC 21 DESIGN CRITERION
ction is safe in direct shear O.K.
Design of Reinforcement for foundation Block :

75
30.0
kN/m2
degree

18.0
kN/m3
0.5
10.0
N/mm2
230.0
N/mm2
Design constants : For M 30 concrete and Fe 415 steel reinforcement we have the following :
9.33
0.289
jbal=1-kbal/3
0.904
Rc=0.5cbckbaljbal=
1.304
+X
0.333
C
Consider dimensions of footing to be checked :
Length of column in x-x dir =
6.55
m
Width of column in y-y dir =
7
m
Length of footing base in x-x dir =
6.55
m
Width of footing base in y-y dir =
8.35
m
-Y
Moment about x-x direction =
27188.98 kN.m
Moment about y-y direction =
0.00
kN.m
Vertical load on column =
6672.80 kN
Maximum soil pressure at toe =
856.79
kN/m2
Minimum soil pressure at heel =
741.48
kN/m2
Pressure intensity under column axis =
791.89
kN/m2
Intensity of soil pressure below the column face =
840.220 kN/m2
Cantilever length for bending about critical face =
1.20
m
Total force under cantilever length =
6669.25626 kN
D
Distance of centroid about critical face =
0.50
m
Bending moment about critical face =
3345.48 kN.m
Width of section at crtical face =
6.550
m
Depth of footing base as required from bending consideration =
625.75
mm
Provide depth of footing base as
1540
mm
AS PER SCOURING DEPTH CRITERION AND IRC 21 DESIG
Effective cover of reinforcement=
60
mm
Total depth of footing base at column face =
1600
mm
Provide total depth of footing base at end =
1000
mm
Check for Shear Force
(a) Punching Shear force :
For punching shear stress point of view the crritical section occurs at distance d/2 from coloumn face.
Position of critical face =
770
mm from coloumn face
Eff. Length of critical plane for punching shear stress =
6.55
m
Punching shear force (F) =
4442.45 kN
Depth of section at punching shear line of influence =
1.2
m
Punching shear stress at section for critical punching shear force=
587.218 kN/m2
Permissible shear stress in punching shear = ks x 0.16 fck =
876.36
kN/m2
The section is safe from punching shear point of view O.K.
Design for bending Tension :

Area of steel required for bending (Ast) =
Area of steel wire 20 mm dia =
No of bars required for bending =
Provide 20 mm dia HYSD bars at spacing @
However provide 20 mm dia bars at spacing
314
34
10450.7489 mm2
mm2
Nos
245.6
mm c/c
150.0
mm c/c at bottom of footing
8.35
+X
+Y
6.55
B
7
-X
ON AND IRC 21 DESIGN CRITERION
Design of R.C.C. Bridge Abutments

Design parameters :
Canal discharge Q =
207.30

FSL of canal D/S of Cross regulator =
Width of Pier =
Canal foundation block top Level =
6.35
0.68
258.97
1.15
254.3
1

Thickness of Dirt Wall =
Height of Dirt Wall above bed block LVL =
Width of Bed block =
Height of Bed Block above foundation block =
Height of batter above foundation block=
Bottom width of batter at foundation block =
Width of foundation block =
Height of foundation block =
Length of abutment wall =
Friction coeff betn base of footing and rock
Anticipated depth of scour around Abut = 2.0 ( R ) =
75
2
1.75
0.45
0.7
0.6
0.95
5.67
6.37
5.75
8.35
1.6
6.55
cumecs
m
m
m
m
m
t/m2
t/m3
t/m3
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
0.5
2.78
5.56
Level of foundation of abutment should not be less than 1 m below anticipated depth of scour
252.41 m
say 252.70 m
Evaluation of forces acting on the Abutment at El 254.30 m about X-X Axis
(A) Vertical Forces

299.89 tonnes
3.17
m from A
51.36 tonnes
1.025 m from A
82.14 tonnes
0.40
m from A
(ii) Vertical Reaction due to Live Loads and dead load of super structure
(a) Reaction due to dead load of super structure =
98.10
tonnes
0.4
m from A
(b) Maximum live load reaction on abutment is obtained when third axle load 11.4 t at center of bearing of abutm
Reaction from right span =
14.48 tonnes
Total Live Load reaction on the abutment from L.L =

14.48
tonnes
Impact Factor =
0.34
19.35 tonnes
0.4
m from A
(iii) Vertical force due to wt of earth retained as backfill
The soil upto FSL will be saturated while above that it will be a wet soil
(a) Wet earth of section (4) =
39.55 tonnes
4.13
m from A
(b) Wet earth of section (5) =
14.95 tonnes
2.27
m from A
(c) Wet earth of section (6) =
82.144 tonnes
4.892 m from A
(d) Saturated earth of section (7) =
128.94 tonnes
5.59
m from A
(iv) Vertical load due to equivalent live load surcharge of 1m
Intensity of loading =
Vertical load due to surcharge =
21.75 tonnes
4.13
m
from A
(v) Up lift Force
Uplift force =
107.06
tonnes
4.67
m
from A
258.97 m
8.70
t/m
Horizontal force = 1/2 x 9.19 x 2.43 =
10.01 tonnes
acting at height =
5.44
m above A
(b) Wet earth pressure effect below FSL due to wet soil above
8.70
t/m
Horizontal force =
40.63 tonnes
acting at height =
2.34
m above A
10.09
t/m
acting at height
(b) Water pressure
acting at height =
Horizontal force =
acting at height =
(iv) Braking Force
Equal to 20% of total live load on the bridge =
23.57
1.56
tonnes
m above A
30.59
71.42
1.56
t/m
tonnes
m above A
26.36
3.49
tonnes
m above A
8.36
tonnes
4
5
6
7
1
R.L. of application of braking force =

262.47
Height of application force above bearing level =
1.900
m
2.12
tonnes
(v) Temperature force or due to sliding friction
12.24 tonnes
Impact factor =
0.34
16.36 tonnes
183.70 tonnes
2.12
tonnes
Total :
202.18
tonnes
6.07
260.57 m
So acting at height =
6.27
m above A
(A) Vertical Forces
(ii) Vertical Reaction due to L.L and D.L
(a) Reaction due to dead load of super structure
(b) Reaction due to L.L
(iii) Vertical force due to wt of earth
(a) Wet earth of section (4)
(b) Wet earth of section (5)
(c) Wet earth of section (6)
(d) Saturated earth of section (7)
(iv) Vertical load due to L.L. surcharge
(v) Up lift Force
(b) Water pressure
(v) Temp or due to sliding friction force
SUM
254.3 m about X-X Axis
Vertical
Force (Tons)
Horizontal Force
(Tons)
299.89
51.36
82.14
98.10
19.35
39.55
14.95
82.14
128.94
21.75
-107.06
10.01
40.63
731.11
23.57
71.42
26.36
6.07
178.06
Base width at foundation block top Level (B)

254.3
7.0
1565.59 ton.m
M M
2.14
Eccentricity (e) about C.G. of Section at foundation block LVL =B/2 - x =

Since eccentricity e >B/6, so tension will develop at heel
6e
1.36
0
-17.19
< 0.67 N/mm
tonnes/m2=
Safe
As Permissible tensile stress for M30 grade concrete= 0.67 N/mm however steel provided for temperature
and shrinkage will take tensile stresses in the concrete mass at bed level
2

Sliding Factor =
H
V

M
M
6e
0.24
< N/mm2
< 0.65 Hence Safe
2.69
> 1.50 Hence Safe
2.05
Safe in Sliding
226.07
of bearing of abutment
260.57
F
S
2L
258.97
A 254.3
8
tonnes
Lever
M+ (t.m)
arm (m)
3.17
1.025
0.40
949.64
52.64
32.85
0.4
0.4
39.24
7.74
4.13
2.27
4.892268
5.59
4.13
4.67
163.13
33.98
401.87
721.43
89.72
M-(t.m)
499.61
5.44
2.34
54.39
94.87
1.56
1.56
3.49
6.27
36.69
111.18
91.88
38.03
926.66
2492.25
m from A
m
-0.17
N/mm2
temperature
ton/m2
Safe
2.26
N/mm2
Design of R.C.C. Bridge Abutments

Design parameters :
Canal discharge Q =
207.30

FSL of canal D/S of Cross regulator =
Width of Pier =
Canal foundation block top Level =
Foundation Level of Abutment =
6.4
0.68
258.97
1.15
254.3
252.70
1

Thickness of Dirt Wall =
Height of Dirt Wall above bed block LVL =
Width of Bed block =
Height of Bed Block above foundation block =
Height of batter above foundation block=
Bottom width of batter at foundation block =
Width of foundation block =
Height of foundation block =
Length of abutment wall =
75
2
1.75
0.45
0.7
0.6
0.95
5.67
6.37
5.75
8.35
1.6
6.55
Friction coeff betn base of footing and rock

0.65
Anticipated depth of scour around Abut = 2.0 ( R ) =
cumecs
m
m
m
m
m
m
t/m2
t/m3
t/m3
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
2.78
5.56
Level of foundation of abutment should not be less than 1 m below anticipated depth of scour
252.41 m
say 252.70 m
Evaluation of forces acting on the Abutment at El 252.70 m about X-X Axis
(A) Vertical Forces
299.89 tonnes
4.37
m from B
51.36 tonnes
2.225 m from B
82.14 tonnes
1.60
m from B
(d) Weight of foundation block (8) =
218.77 tonnes
4.18
m from B
(ii) Vertical Reaction due to Live Loads and dead load of super structure
(a) Reaction due to dead load of super structure =
98.10
tonnes
1.6
m from B
(b) Maximum live load reaction on abutment is obtained when third axle load 11.4 t at center of bearing of abutm
Reaction from right span =
14.48 tonnes
Total Live Load reaction on the abutment from L.L =
14.48
tonnes
Impact Factor =
0.34
19.35 tonnes
1.6
m from B
(iii) Vertical force due to wt of earth retained as backfill
The soil upto FSL will be saturated while above that it will be a wet soil
(a) Wet earth of section (4) =
39.55 tonnes
5.33
m from B
(b) Wet earth of section (5) =
14.95 tonnes
3.47
m from B
(c) Wet earth of section (6) =
82.144 tonnes
4
6.092 m from B
(d) Saturated earth of section (7) =
128.94 tonnes
6.79
m from B
(iv) Vertical load due to equivalent live load surcharge of 1m
6
Intensity of loading =
Vertical load due to surcharge =
22.32 tonnes
5
5.55
m
from B
(v) Up lift Force
Uplift force =
171.46
tonnes
7
5.57
m
from B
1
(a) Wet earth pressure above FSL of
258.97 m
8.70
t/m
Horizontal force =
10.01 tonnes
acting at height =
7.04
m above B
(b) Wet earth pressure effect below FSL due to wet soil above
8.70
t/m
Horizontal force =
54.55 tonnes
acting at height =
3.14
m above B
13.55
t/m
acting at height
(b) Water pressure
acting at height =
Horizontal force =
42.49
2.09
tonnes
m above B
41.07
t/m
128.75 tonnes
2.09
m above B
32.42
tonnes
8.35
acting at height =
4.29
m above B
(iv) Braking Force
Equal to 20% of total live load on the bridge =
8.36
tonnes
R.L. of application of braking force =
262.47
Height of application force above bearing level =
1.900
m
2.12
tonnes
(v) Temperature force or due to sliding friction
12.24 tonnes
Impact factor =
0.34
16.36 tonnes
183.70 tonnes
2.12
tonnes
Total :
202.18
tonnes
6.07
260.57 m
So acting at height =
7.87
m above B
Int of Passive pressure at found block top LVL 254.30
0.0
Int Passive pressure at found block bottom LVL 252.70 =
77.01
61.61 t
Acting at height above found block bottom LVL (252.70)
0.65
(A) Vertical Forces
(d) Weight of Rectangular section (4)
(ii) Vertical Reaction due to L.L and D.L
(a) Reaction due to dead load of super structure
(b) Reaction due to L.L
(iii) Vertical force due to wt of earth
(a) Wet earth of section (4)
(b) Wet earth of section (5)
(c) Wet earth of section (6)
(d) Saturated earth of section (7)
(iv) Vertical load due to L.L. surcharge
252.70
t/m
t/m
m
m about X-X Axis

Vertical
Force
(Tons)
299.89
51.36
82.14
218.77
98.10
19.35
39.55
14.95
82.14
128.94
22.32
Horizontal Force (Tons)
(v) Up lift Force

(b) Water pressure
(v) Temp or due to sliding friction force
(vi) Passive Earth Pressure of soil
SUM
-171.46
10.01
54.55
667.28

42.49
128.75
32.42
6.07
-61.61
274.27
254.3
2718.90
M
8.35
ton.m
4.07
The eccentricity (e) about C.G. of Section at foundation block LVL =B/2 Check eccentricity e as compared to B/6 as (e<B/6)
6e

Sliding Factor =
H
V

74.15
M
M
6e
0.10
1
tonnes/m2=
Safe
0.41
121.5 < N/mm

< 0.65 Hence Safe
2.56
> 1.50 Hence Safe
1.58
Safe in Sliding
85.68
2
nts
er of bearing of abutment
260.57
F
S
L2
258.97
A
8
254.3
tonnes
Lever
arm (m)
M+ (t.m)
4.37
2.225
1.60
4.18
1309.51
114.28
131.42
913.36
1.6
1.6
156.96
30.97
5.33
3.47
6.092268
6.79
5.55
210.58
51.93
500.44
876.16
123.86
M-(t.m)
5.57
954.47
7.04
3.14
70.40
171.01
2.09
2.09
4.29
7.87
0.65
88.80
269.09
138.91
47.73
39.8409374
4459.30
1740.41
m from A
m
0.74
ton/m2
Safe
N/mm2
0.86
N/mm2
Design Data :
Height of counterfort retaining wall above NSL :
Depth of foundation of Retaining Wall :
6.78
2.5
m
m

165
20.0
kN/m2
degree

7.0
230.0
17.5
0.5
kN/m3
N/mm2
N/mm2
Solution :
1. Design constants : For M 20 concrete and Fe 415 steel reinforcement we have the following :
13.33
0.289
jbal=1-kbal/3
0.904
Rc=0.5cbckbaljbal=
0.913
0.490
2. Dimension of various parts.

The ratio of length of toe slab (DE) to the base of width b may be found by the expression : 1-q
=
0.536
Base width b = 0.95 H SQRT(Ka/(1-)(1+3))
b=
5.579
Normal range of b is between 0.5 H to 0.6 H. However, keep minimum b = 0.5 H to 0.6H.
However keep minimum length of base slab = 0.5 H =
4.62
m
say Length of base slab as =
4.10
m
As length of toe slab
2.20
m
keep the length of toe slab =
1.6
m
Taking thickness of stem =
260
mm
length of heel slab BC =
2.24
m
Let the thickness of base slab as :
500
mm
1/4
Clear spacing of counterforts l= 3.5 (H/)
l=
2.98
m
However keep counterforts at
3.00
m apart
Let us also provide counterforts over toe slab, upto ground level, at 3 m clear distance.
3. Stability of wall. The preliminary dimensions of the wall are marked as per fig
The calculation are arranged in Table below

Force(kN)
S.No.
Desig-nation
Horizontal Force (H)
W1
weight of stem, per
metre length.
L.A.(m)
Vertical
Force (F)
Moments about toe (k
56.745
1.73
98.17
51.25
2.05
105.06
342.216
2.98
1019.80
3.08
-1123.82
Sum M =
99.21
W2
2
weight of base
slab.
W3
weight of soil on heel
slab.
PH Horizontal Earth
Pressure
Sum F =
365.27
365.27
x=
eccentricity e =b/2-x =
0.22
1.83
450.211
Revise Base Width
Pressure P1 under the toe is given by (Sum F/b)(1+6e/b)=
403.82
kN/m2
Pressure P2 under the heel is given by (Sum F/b)(1-6e/b)=
-184.20
kN/m2
Pressure P'1 under point E is =
174.35
kN/m2
Pressure P'2 under point B is =
137.06
kN/m2
4. Design of Heel Slab :

Clear spacing between counterforts of Ret wall =
Consider a strip of 1m wide near outer edge C.
3.00
Upward minimum pressure intensity at outer edge
-184.20
kN/m2
Downward load due to weight of earth is calc as :
152.775
kN/m2
12.5
kN/m2
Downward load due to self weight of base slab :
Net downward intensity of load p is given by :

349.48 kN/m2
As maximum negative bending moment in heel slab, at counterforts is
M1 = Pl2/12
M1 =
262.11
Depth of heel slab d =
Shear force V is given as :
kN.m
535.77
524.22
Area of steel for balanced section is given as =

Percentage of steel % Ast =
0.4393
Hence c=
0.33
N/mm2
mm
kN
2353.47
mm2
Depth required from shear point of view d=V/t c b =
1588.54 mm
However, keep Overall depth of heel slab as D=
500
mm
Effective cover of slab reinforcement provided =
60
mm
Effective depth of heel slab d=
440
mm
2
v=
N/mm > c hence shear reinforcement will be necessary
1.191
Area of steel at supports is given as Ast =
Provide 12 mm dia bars with area of bar
Spacing of 12 mm dia bars =
39.45
However Provide 12 mm dia bars at spacing of
2865.75
113.04
mm
130
Actual Area of steel provided=
mm
869.5384615385
Maximum positive B.M.= pl2/16=

Area of bottom steel Ast2=
196.58
mm
kN.m
652.15
173.33
mm2
113.04
mm
150

Reinforcement Near B
mm
753.60
mm2
mm
mm
mm
Net downward load near B :

28.22
kN/m2
It is about
0.081
of Load intensity at C
Hence spacing of 12 mm dia steel bars near supports at top face is given by
1610.1
However provide steel bars 12 mm dia at supports on top face with spac
300
Spacing of 12 mm dia steel bars at mid span at bottom face is given by =
1857.77
Provide steel bars 12 mm dia at mid span on bottom face with spacing =
300
Distribution steel :
Area of distribution reinforcement for temp and shrinkage= 0.12 bD/100 =
Using 12 mm bars with area of bar as =
Spacing of distribution steel =
188.4
However provide distribution steel at spacing of
113.04
mm
180
600
mm
mm
Shear Reinforcement :
Shear stress at C is given =
Per Steel at C as 100As/bd=
Hence c=
0.22
1.191
0.198
N/mm2
N/mm2
%
Shear Reinforcement is necessary
Vc=c bd =
96.8
kN
Consider a section distance x1 from face of counter fort where shearforce is
Check distance x1 =
0.49
m
Shear force at distance x1 =
352.44
96.8
Hence provide shear reinforcement upto a distance

0.5
m on either side of counterfort
Consider a point at distance y1 form end of heel where SF is valued=
96.8
kN
Check distance y1 =
1.25
m
Upward Pressure intensity at y1=
Net downward pressure at y1=
-4.42
kN/m2
169.69
kN/m2
Shear force at face of counterforts at distance y1 from heel =
254.54
kN
However provide shear reinforcement upto a distance of y 1 =
1.3
m from heel of base slab
So provide in rectangular portion of size 1.3 m x 0.5 m on either side of counterfort in heel slab portion
Let us provide 4 legged stirrups of 8 mm dia bars having area of401.92
reinf= mm2
So spacing of shear reinforcement is gven as Sv=
95.16
mm
However provide shear reinforcement at spacing of600 mm c/c on either side of counterfort
Design of Toe Slab :

As toe slab is also lengthy so front counterforts will be necessary
Provide front counterforts at toe slab spacing o 3.00
m c/c
Depth of toe slab =
500
mm
Upward maximum pressure intensity at edge D
403.82
kN/m2
Downward load due to self weight of base slab :
12.5
kN/m2
391.32
kN/m2
Net upward intensity at edge D is given by :
Net upward intensity at edge E is given by :

161.85 kN/m2
Consider a strip of unit width at D. Maximum Negative moment is given by
M1 = wl2/12
M1 =
293.49
Depth of toe slab d =
Shear force V is given as :
kN.m
566.94
586.98
Area of steel for balanced section is given as =

Percentage of steel % Ast =
0.5648
Hence c=
0.33
N/mm2
mm
kN
2823.78
mm2
Depth required from shear point of view d=V/t c b =
1778.72 mm
However, keep Overall depth of heel slab as D=
500
mm
Effective cover of slab reinforcement provided =
60
mm
Effective depth of heel slab d=
440
mm
v=
N/mm2 > c hence shear reinforcement will be necessary
1.334
Area of steel at supports is given as Ast =
35.23
3208.84
113.04
mm
90
mm
Maximum positive B.M.= wl /16=

Area of bottom steel Ast2=
2
1256
220.12
mm2
mm
mm
kN.m
942.00
120.00
mm2
113.04
mm
120

Reinforcement Near E
942.00
mm
Net upward load at 1 m from E :
305.27
kN/m2
mm
mm
It is about
0.780
of Load intensity at C
Hence spacing of 12 mm dia steel bars near supports at bottom face is given by
However provide steel bars 12 mm dia at supports on bottom face with
Spacing of 12 mm dia steel bars at mid span at top face is given by =
Provide steel bars 12 mm dia at mid span on top face with spacing =
115.4
110
153.83
140
Distribution steel :
Area of distribution reinforcement for temp and shrinkage= 0.12 bD/100 =
Using 12 mm bars with area of bar as =
188.4
However provide distribution steel at spacing of
113.04
mm
180
600
mm
mm
Shear Reinforcement :
Shear stress at D is given =
Per Steel at D as 100As/bd=
Hence c=
0.24
1.334
0.2855
N/mm2
N/mm2
%
Shear Reinforcement is necessary
Vc=c bd =
105.6
kN
Consider a section distance x1 from face of counter fort where shearforce is
Check distance x1 =
0.68
m
Shear force at distance x1 =
320.97
Hence provide shear reinforcement upto a distance
0.7
Consider a point at distance y1 from end of toe where SF is valued=
Check distance y1 =
Upward Pressure intensity at y1=
2.8
6.00
105.6
m on either side of counterfort

105.6
kN
m
kN/m2
Net upward pressure at y1=
4.75
kN/m2
Shear force at face of counterforts at distance y1 from toe =
7.13
kN
It is more than length of toe slab
1.6
m hence S.F. at E is more than value
Actual S.F. at E is given by
259.64
kN
Consider a section distance z from face of counter fort where shearforce is
105.6
Check z =
0.44
m
SF at section distant z from face of front counterfort=
183.06 kN
So provide in trapezoidal portion at distant 0.45 m and 0.7 m
from face of counterfort in toe slab port
Let us provide 4 legged stirrups of 8 mm dia bars having area of reinf= 401.92 mm2
So spacing of shear reinforcement is given as Sv=
84.50
mm
However provide shear reinforcement at spacing of400 mm c/c on either side of counterfort
Design of Stem (Vetical Slab)
The stem acts as a continuous slab. Consider 1 m strip at B.
Intensity of earth pressure at B, ph=KaH1=
74.9
2
Negative B.M. in Vertical slab near back Counterforts M 1=ph.l /12=
So depth of vertical slab (d) =
247.97
mm
200
However provide effective depth of vertical slab as
Effective Cover of slab main reinforcement
60
kN/m2
56.15
mm
mm
kN.m
Total Depth of vertical slab

260
mm
Shear Force V at supports =
112.29
kN
v=
0.56
N/mm2
Area of steel near counterforts=
1350.51
mm2
Area of steel @ 0.5% of reinforcement =
1000
mm2 >
1350.51
Checkc at 0.5% of steel reinforcement is greater than v= 0.56
N/mm2
O.K.
113.04
mm
However provide 12 mm dia main reinforcement bars at spacing =
90.0
mm
Actual Area of steel provided =
1256
mm2
Percent of steel area (%) =
0.63
Max. Positive B.M. = 3/4 M1=
42.11
kN.m
Area of steel for positive mid span moment in slab =
942
mm2
120
mm
However provide 12 mm dia bars at spacing of
120
mm
Actual Area of steel provided =
942
mm2
The spacing of reinforcement may be increased gradually upwards as earth pressure decreases with Ht
Spacing of 12 mm dia bars at top level of Stem =
300
mm
Area of Distribution Steel = 0.12 b D /100 =
312
mm2
Let us choose Steel 10 mm dia bars for dist reinf area
78.5
mm2
251.60
mm
Hence provide distribution steel at spacing of
230
mm c/c
Design of Main Counterforts
Let us assume thickness of main counterforts as

500
mm
Spacing of counterforts center to center
3.50
m
At any section below depth h from top A, active earth pressure on Counterfort :
30.01
Simillarly net downward pressure on heel at C =
349.48 kN/m2
Simillarly net downward pressure on heel slab at B =
28.22
kN/m2
Hence reaction transferred to each counterfort at C =
1223.18 kN
Hence reaction transferred to each counterfort at B =
98.76
kN
The critical section for counterfort will be at F since below this enormous depth is available by front counte
Pressure intensity at section F is given as, h=
6.78
m
= 203.49
Shear Force at F is given by
689.83
kN
B.M. at Section F is given by
1559.01
kN.m
Counterfort acts like a T-Beam, however even as a rectangular Beam depth required (d)=
Total depth required from bending moment point of view =
1908.00 mm
However keep overall depth D
1720
mm
Effective depth at Section F =
1660
mm
Angle of face AC is given by
tan
0.26
14.39
degree
Sin =
0.248
Cos
0.969
Depth F1G1 of counterfort =
1684.23
mm
Depth FG of Counterfort =
1944.2
mm
Which is more than required O.K.
Assuming reinf with 20 mm dia bars is provided in 2 layers with 20 mm space betn bars and nominal cover
Effective depth at Section F =
1854.2
mm
So Area of steel to be provided =
4044.78
Using 20 mm dia bars As=
314.00
No of bars to be provided =
14
Provide these in two layers.
Effective shear force =Q-(M/d') tanwhere d'=d/cos
S.F. =
480857.5
N
Nominal shear stress at section =
0.52
100 As/bd at section is given as :
0.474
Hence c=
0.236
N/mm2
mm2
mm2
Nos
N/mm2
Thus shear stress at section is more than v . However the horizontal and vertical ties will take care of exce
Height where half of the reinforcement can be curtailed is giv
AI1=
3.14
m
AG1=
7.00
m
I1G1=
3.86
m
O.K.
3.04
m below A at point I1
Design of horizontal Ties
The vertical stem has a tendency to separate out from the counterfort so it should be tied by horizontal ties
Active Earth Pressure at height
6.78
m below A is 203.49 kN/m
Steel area required for horizontal ties at level above :
884.74
mm2 per m height of vertical stem
Using 10 mm dia bars with 2 legged ties, A(10)=

157
mm2
Spacing of 2 legged bars horiz along counterfort :
177
mm
Provide 2 legged horizontal stirrups at spacing of 250-300 mm c/c along main counterforts, tow
Design of Vertical Ties

The heel slab has a tendency to separate out from the counterfort so it should be tied by vertical ties.
Net downward force at C
1223.2
kN
5318.15 mm2 per m length of heel slab at C
226.08 mm2
Spacing of 2 legged bars vertically along counterfort :
42
mm
Provide 2 legged vertical stirrups at spacing of 130 mm c/c along main counterforts C.
Net downward force at B
98.8
kN
429.40 mm2 per m length of heel slab at C
226.08 mm2
Spacing of 2 legged bars vertically along counterfort :
526
mm
Provide 2 legged vertical stirrups at spacing of 300 mm c/c along main counterforts at B.
So spacing can be gradually increased from 130 mm at C to 300 mm at B
Design of front counterforts :
Consider width of front counterfort to be provided :

500
Upward pressure intensity at D :
403.82
kN/m2
Upward pressure intensity at E :
174.35
kN/m2
Considering weight of toe slab net upward intensity of pressure
At D :
391.32
kN/m2
At E :
161.85
kN/m2
C/C spacing of front counterfort as proposed :
3.50
Upward force transmitted to counterforts at D per m =
1369.62
Upward force transmitted to counterforts at E per m =
566.46
Total upward force on front counterfort transmitted through toe slab
distance of center of pressure from E is given as :
0.91
B.M. at E =
1410.43
kN.m
Depth of front counterfort required to resist bending:
1757.65
However provide total depth of
1100
mm
Effective depth available with 80 mm effective cover :
1020
Area of steel required Ast =
6652.13
mm2
Using 20 mm dia bars A(25)=
490.63
mm2
No of bars required for bending :
14
Nos
These bars should be continued to a distance 45 beyond E =
tan=
0.375
Net shear force at E is given as : F-(M/d) tan =
1030.32
Nominal shear stress at section at E is given as :
2.02
100As/bd=
1.347
%
mm
m
kN/m length along toe slab
kN/m length along toe slab
: 1548.86 kN
m
mm
mm
1125
mm beyond E
kN
N/mm2
So c=
0.285
N/mm2
Shear reinorcement is necessary
Using 12 mm dia 2 legged stirrups with Asv =
226.08 mm2
Vc=
145350
N
Vs=V-Vc=
884972.64
N
6.8
Spacing of shear reinforcement =
59.93
mm
However provide shear reinforcement at spacing of 200 mm c/c
NSL
2.5
E
20.6
D
0.5
1.6
Fixing effects in stem, toe and heel slab

Fixing moments are induced at junctions of stem, toe and heel slabs.
(i) In stem @ 0.24% of cross section to be provided at the inner face of stem for a length of 45
As=
624
mm2
Use 10 mm dia bars area A(10)=
78.5
mm2
Spacing =
125.80
mm
However provide 10 mm dia fixing bars at spacing o
100
mm
(ii) In Toe slab @ 0.12% of cross section to be provided at the lower face of slab for a length of 45
As=
600
mm2
78.5
mm2
Spacing =
130.83
mm
120
mm
(iii) In Heel slab @ 0.12% of cross section to be provided at the upper face of slab for a length of 45
As=
600
mm2
78.5
mm2
Spacing =
130.83
mm
120
mm
Design of Shear Key

The wall is unsafe in sliding. Therfore provide shear key.
Let the depth of shear key to be provided is "a"
Check "a":
0.3
m
Passive earth pressure in front of shear key is :
83.91
kN
Weight of soil in between base slab and shear key bottom level =
21.525
Total downward force acting at shear key bottom level, for friction =
471.736
Total frictional and passive earth pressure resistance developed =
319.78
Net Horizontal force acting for sliding of Retaining wall upto S.K. LVL= 389.40
Factor of safety for sliding =
0.82
However provide shear key with
Depth =
450
mm
Width =
500
mm
Actual horizontal force resisted by shear key is :
348.24 kN
Shear stress at bottom face of base slab at shear key =
0.696
N/mm2
Bending stress at bottom face =
1.880
N/mm2
safe
kN
kN
kN
kN
safe
wing :
: 1-q 0/2.2H
per fig
ments about toe (kN-m)
98.17
105.06
1019.80
-1123.82
99.21
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm2
kN
ounterfort
heel of base slab

slab portion
nterfort
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm2
kN
ounterfort
105.6
kN
rt in toe slab portion
nterfort
mm2
eases with Ht
kN
e by front counterfort
kN/m
1847.91
equired O.K.
mm
nd nominal cover of 50 mm
take care of excess stress.

A at point I1
by horizontal ties.
vertical stem
ounterforts, towards top.
vertical ties.
heel slab at C
orts C.
heel slab at C
orts at B.
oe slab
oe slab
ond E
0.26
A
All dim in metre
14.39
sary
f 45
4.10
2.24
h of 45
gth of 45

Excel Sheet For Gravity RWall Design

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Deskripsi Asli:

Judul Asli

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Excel Sheet For Gravity RWall Design

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Design of Masonary Retaining Wall with Back Face in Batter

Ground water Table LVL =

LVL of Retaining wall top head =

Evaluation of forces acting on the Retaining wall at El

(A) Vertical Forces

(i) Self weight of Retaining wall

Intensity of pressure at HFL =

(i) Wet earth pressure

Intensity of pressure at FSL =

Hor. force due to submerge earth pressure =

Intensity of pressure at bottom =

Consider stability of section at Level

(A) Vertical Forces

m about X-X Axis

Horizontal Force Lever

Net stabilising moment =

The resultant will strike base at distance (x) =

Factor of safety in overturning =

Maximum compression at toe =

< 16.5 t/m2

> 2.0 Hence Safe

Design of Masonary Retaining Wall with Back Face in Batter

Ground water Table LVL =

LVL of Retaining wall top head =

Evaluation of forces acting on the Retaining wall at El

(A) Vertical Forces

(i) Self weight of Retaining wall

Intensity of pressure at HFL =

(i) Wet earth pressure

Intensity of pressure at FSL =

Hor. force due to submerge earth pressure =

Intensity of pressure at bottom =

Consider stability of section at Level

(A) Vertical Forces

m about X-X Axis

Horizontal Force Lever

Net stabilising moment =

The resultant will strike base at distance (x) =

Factor of safety in overturning =

Maximum compression at toe =

< 16.5 t/m2

> 2.0 Hence Safe

Design of Masonary Retaining Wall with Back Face in Batter

Ground water Table LVL =

LVL of Retaining wall top head =

Evaluation of forces acting on the Retaining wall at El

(A) Vertical Forces

(i) Self weight of Retaining wall

Intensity of pressure at HFL =

(i) Wet earth pressure

Intensity of pressure at FSL =

Hor. force due to submerge earth pressure =

Intensity of pressure at bottom =

Consider stability of section at Level

(A) Vertical Forces

m about X-X Axis

Horizontal Force Lever

Net stabilising moment =

The resultant will strike base at distance (x) =

Factor of safety in overturning =

Maximum compression at toe =

< 16.5 t/m2