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iangrancho

What is Research?

What is Research?

Why undergo
Research?

Types of Research?

Research Format

Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS
SETTING

Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS
SETTING

Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS
SETTING

Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS
SETTING

Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS
SETTING

Sample of a 2-variable
study

Independent Variable

Dependent Variable

Training and Advisory Visit

Compliance of the SMes

Technical

Labor Standards

Legal

Occupational Safety and Health

Productivity Improvement

Practical

Family Welfare

MODERATOR VARIABLES
Educational Attainment
Type of Business
Figure 1. The Conceptual Paradigm of the Study

Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
Background of the Study
It has been the thrust of the Department of Labor and
Employment (DOLE) that employees shall be given the benefits
entitled to them in the workplace. The department, being an arm
of the implementation has conducted information, orientation and
visit to the wage earners to check the compliance of the labor
standards and special laws.
Garner (2000), said that governments all over the world are reinviting themselves so that they could make better laws and
policies, attuned to the needs of a globalizing world. Trade
barriers are coming down and we must enable our economic
sector to shape up and get more competitive. Part of the effort at
capability-building is to adapt or modernize the rules which
govern the relationship of the social partners in a way that
supports the drive for our business sector to be more productive
and more competitive, so that sustainable compliance outcomes
are achieved.

The Philippine labor market is one of the most highly regulated

markets in the world. Data from the Bureau of Working
Conditions reveal that from 2004 to 2009, the compliance rate
upon inspection (the ratio of establishments found to be
complying with minimum wage laws at the time of inspection
compared to the number of establishments inspected) is
44.94%, 46.08%, 49.23%, 55.74%, 55.40% and 36.75%,
respectively. For 2010, the compliance rate upon inspection for
the first 7 months of the year was 45.91%. The inspection
procedure of the DOLE allows inspected establishments to
correct the violations found at the plant level before the violation
becomes a full-blown labor dispute. (DOLE Data, 2010)
The Training and Advisory Visit team has been conducted
inspections to the various establishments to check and assess
their compliance after the assistance has been given to them.
Yet, there are still establishments who showed violations on the
policies. The researcher wants to find out the extent of the
implementation of the Training and Advisory Visit and the level of
compliance of the wage earners in Davao City. Hence, the study.

Statement of the Problem

The main purpose of the study is to find out the extent of
the implementation of the Training and Advisory Visit and the
level of compliance of the wage earners in Davao City.
Specifically, the study seeks to answer the following
questions:
1. What is the extent of the implementation of the Training
and Advisory visit in terms of:
1.1 technical;
1.2 legal; and
1.3 practical?
2. What is the level of compliance of the wage earners in
terms of:
2.1 labor standards;
2.2 occupational safety and health;
2.3 productivity improvement; and
2.4 family welfare?

3. Is there a significant difference on the extent of the

implementation of the Training and Advisory Visit when
respondents are grouped according to:
3.1 type of business; and
3.2 educational attainment?
4. Is there a significant difference on the level of
compliance of the wage earners when respondents are
grouped according to:
4.1 type of business; and
4.2 educational attainment?
5. Is there a significant relationship between the extent of
the Training and Advisory Visit and the level of compliance of
the wage earners?

Hypothesis
The following hypotheses shall be tested at 0.05 level of
significance:
1. There is no significant difference on the extent of the
implementation of the Training and Advisory Visit when
respondents are grouped according to type of business; and
educational attainment.
2. There is no significant difference on the level of
compliance of the wage earners when respondents are grouped
according to type of business and educational attainment.
3. There is no significant relationship between the extent of
the Training and Advisory Visit and the level of compliance of the
wage earners.

Theoretical and Conceptual Framework

The study anchored its concept on the new labor
governance model of Productivity and Competitiveness of
Enterprises through Social Partnership, which has provided a
new theoretical basis for a complete revision of the design,
concept and structure of the labor standards enforcement
system, nay, the entire labor governance system.
Under this new framework, the implementing vehicle is the
Labor governance Toolbox, a package of developmental
programs which assists business enterprises to comply with its
legal obligations, and provides technical, legal and practical
services. Among these are labor standards, occupational
safety and health, productivity assessment and improvement,
family welfare, to make the company more competitive and
more productive. The rationale is that each of these programs
and services should not be pursued independently and not for
its own sake, but always in tandem or combination with the rest
and motivated by the end-goal of productivity and
competitiveness through social partnership.

In the study, the independent variable is the extent of the

implementation of the Training and Advisory Visit in terms of
technical, legal and practical services. Technical assistance.
Technical assistance refers to the assistance on handling the
operation of the business, legal assistance refers to the
assistance concerning the laws and policies of labor and
employment and practical assistance refers to the assistance
pertaining to education and other trainings.
The dependent variable is the compliance of the wage
earners in terms of general labor standards, occupational
safety and health, productivity improvement and family
welfare. Labor standards refers to the laws about labor and
employment, occupational safety and health refers to the
compliance on the standards of the wok station and places,
productivity improvement refers to the trainings to improve
productivity and family welfare refers to the non-wage benefits
for the workers.
The moderator variables are educational attainment and type
of business. Figure 1 shows the conceptual model of the
study.

Significance of the Study

The study is significant to the following groups or
individuals:
Department of Labor and Employment Personnel. This
shall provide them vital information about the
implementation of their programs as well as the compliance
of the wage earners. This shall be the springboard to
improve their programs and policies.
Wage Earners. They shall be given the proper trainings
and guidance on the labor laws which would eventually aid
towards productivity and competitiveness.
Workers. They shall be provided with the benefits due
to them and proper training which are very relevant to their
work and responsibilities.

Sample with Enhancement

Program

Risk Factors and Rate

of Dropping- out in
Asuncion National
High School: Basis for
Enhancement Program

Risk Factors of
Dropping out
-

Family Related
Community Related
School Related
Individual Related

Interview

Rate of
Dropping Out
(3 years back)

Intervention

Statement of the Problem

The main purpose of the study was to find out
the level of risk factors and the rate of dropouts, which can be the basis for an intervention
program
Specifically, the study sought to
answer the following questions:
1. What is the extent of risk factors in droppingout in terms of:
1.1 family related;
1.2 community related;
1.3; school related; and
1.4 individual related?

2. What is the rate of drop-out among

students based on the 3-years record?
3. What are the reasons of the students of
dropping from school based on the
interview conducted with them?
4. What enhancement program can be
formulated based on the findings of the
study?

An Interview with the Drop-Outs:

The interview was conducted by the
researcher with some selected students who
dropped from schooling. The interview was
done last October 29-30, 2010.
1. Mae Rose Vinculado, 1st year high schoolStop schooling for 2months
Question: What is the reason why you
stopped schooling? ( Unsa man ang
hinungdan nganu nag ungdang ka?)

Answer:
Sige man away sila papa og mama mam,
cge me ginakulata nya wala nami ka agwanta mao
amua na gipa priso si papa,nya si mama nalang ang
nag buhi sa amua, nya akoa ate nagsakit pa mam tua
sa hospital gi operahan sa breast nya wala man laing
mutabang sa amua kay akoa lola wala pud kwarta
mam. Mao nag ungdang ko skwela mam, pasalamat
judko mam kay inyuha me gipatawag kay basin
dawatun pako ninyo swkela mam kay ana mam si
mama nakagwas na hospital si ate pwede nako mo
skwela og balik mam.
It can be deduced from the reason of Mae Rose that the
factor why she dropped from school is family related
problems.

2. Dennis Beboso a 1st year student

Question: What is the reason why you stopped
schooling? ( Unsa man ang hinungdan nganu nag
ungdang ka?)
Answer: wala naman gud ika gasto sila papa og
mama sa akong pag skwela mam nya, gipatabang
nako ni papa sa trabaho para daw maka tabang ko
sa amua adlwa na panginahanglan mam.
Papa:
dili napud nmo makaya mam mao
ungdang nalang jud akoa ana skwela total bata
paman sya tabangan sako nya trabaho sa sagingan
para dili pud kayo me pait,,,naa pa iyaha manghud
nay sakit bag o ra nahospital mam.

From the answer of the student, the factor of dropping is

family related most particularly on money matters.
3. Erick Gil Velasco is a first year high school and absent
for 25days he was at risk of dropping out
Question:
What is the reason why you stopped
schooling? (Unsa man ang hinungdan nganu nag
ungdang ka?)
Answer:
kapoy man mam nya madala ko sa akoa
barkada nag padung name skwelahan muan man sila
na absent dawmi mao absent pudko
The answer of the students imply that peer or
community related factors is a risk that triggered the
student to be a drop-out.

ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM TO
LESSEN THE RISK OF DROP-OUT
Rationale:
Drop out is inevitable to occur every school
year. This is due to some factors such as family,
individual, school and even the community
related areas.
The enhancement program is designed to
lessen, if not to totally eliminate the rate of
Drop- out.
This is based on the results of the study
undertaken by the researcher.

KRA

Specific
Objective
To conduct
seminar for
Parents
Parent: My
responsibilit
y, my
accountabili
ty

Drop-out
Reduction
Drop-out
Reduction

Activity

Seminar (one
day)

To hold Family
Day to
tighten the
bond of
parents and
children

Family Day

To hold House to
House visit

House visit (one

week)

To conduct
seminar for
Teachers
Handling
Misbehave
Students

Seminar for
Teachers

Persons Involved

Faculty
Parents
Admin
DSWD

Budgetary
Requirements
Honorarium- P1, 500
Supplies - P 500
Certificate -P1, 000
Snacks - P 500

Date

August 2011

_____________
P3,500

Admin
Faculty
Students
with parents

Documentation
P500
Snacks
P1,000
Supplies
P 500
-------P2,000

October 2011

Faculty
Guidance
Counselor

TransportationP2,00
0

November 2011

Faculty
Guidance
Counselor

Honorarium P1,500
Documentation
P500
Snacks
P1,000
Documentation
P500
____
P3,500

February 2011

Review Of Related Literature

- shall be clustered according to the variables.
1 variable study
2 variable study
but it may have sub- clusters
Example:
For the indicator write in italics form, not bold

Communication.______________________________
___________________________________________
_____________________________________

Sample on Synthesis of
Review of Related Literature

The above-mentioned articles discuss the

provisions of the government in its program to
reduce the risk of drop-out if not, to eliminate the
problem. It also presents readings on the
relevance of the topics concerning drop-outs since
they have become the bases of the researcher in
the formulation of the support to the problem
presented, conclusions and recommendations.
The readings also elaborated the importance
of the programs initiated by the school in order
reduce the drop-out rate of the enrolment. This,
has become the springboard in the formulation of
the enhancement program.

Theoretical and Conceptual Framework

- Theory base
- discussion of conceptual model and
definition of the indicators.
Significance
by cluster- from macro to micro
groups/ individuals.

Significance of the Study

Administration. The findings may provide _____
_______________________________________
______________________________________
Teachers. This will help ___________________
_______________________________________
Students. This will enlighten ________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________

Definition of Terms
- operational term
- arranged alphabetically
- terms in italics
- only the terms found in the title are
defined

Chapter 2
Research Design
- Descriptive
- Experimental
- Historical

Research Instrument
- researcher- made questionnaires
- hard data
- measurement guides
Statistical Treatment
Common Tools: Mean
t- test
Analysis of Variance
Person- r

Research Instrument
Sample Parameter Limits
Rating Scale Level
4.20-5.0

Very High

3.40-4-19

High

2.60-3.39

Moderate

1.80-2.59

Low

1.0-1.79

Very Low

Description
This means that the
students are very much ready.
This means that the
students are much ready.
This means that the
students are fairly ready.
This means that the
students are less ready.
This means that the
students are not ready.

Research Subjects
- respondents
- Population vs. Sample
- Presentation of Table 1

Table 1
Distribution of the Respondents
Respondents

Population

Sample

Percentage

Grade 5

250

113

21.73

Grade 6

270

118

22.69

Total

520

231

43.42%

Chapter 3
Presentation and Analysis of Findings
- textual explanation first followed by
the Tabular forms
- Table ( one page)
- reflect the analysis and implications of
the result

Sampling Technique
Simple Random
Stratified
Purposive
Cluster
Universal

Significant Difference in the Extent of Perception

on the Rights of Children when Analyzed by Gender
Table 12 shows the significant difference in
the extent of perception on the rights of children
when analyzed by gender. The male posted a
mean of 2.58, while the female got a mean of
3.07.
To test if there is a significant difference in
the extent of perception on the rights of children
when analyzed by gender, the researcher used
the T-test at 0.05 level of significance.

Results revealed that the computed t-Value of

4.26 is higher than the tabular t-Value of 1.96.
Thus, the hypothesis of no significant difference
in the extent of perception on the rights of
children when analyzed by gender is rejected.
This means that the perceptions of the
respondents when analyzed by gender do vary
significantly.
This means that the males and females have
compatible perception on their rights as children.

Table 12
Difference in the Extent of Perception on
the Rights of Children when Analyzed by
Gender
Gender

Mean

t-Values

Decision

Computed Tabular
Male

2.58

Female

3.07
4.26

1.96

Ho
Rejected

Relationship Between the Level of Perception on the

Rights of Children and the level of Personal Freedom

Table 16 reflects the relationship between the extent of

perception on the rights of children and the level of
personal freedom. The extent of perception on the rights
of children is posted a mean of 2.96, while the level
personal freedom got a mean of 3.29.
To test the relationship, Z test was used at 0.05 level
of significance. Data revealed that the r- value is 0.778.
Furthermore, the computed z-value is 9.02, higher than
the tabular Z-value of 1.96. This allows the researcher
to reject the hypothesis of no significant relationship
between the level of perception on the rights of children .

This means to say that the extent of the rights

of children has a correlation to the level of
personal freedom of the children.
Childrens rights are the perceived human
rights of children with particular attention to the
rights of special protection and care afforded to
the young, including their right to association with
both biological parents, human identity as well as
the basic needs for food, universal state-paid
education, health care and criminal laws
appropriate for the age and development of the
child (Childrens Rights ..2009)

Table 16
Relationship Between the Extent of Perception on the
Rights Children and the level of Personal Freedom
Variables

Rights of
Children
Rights of
Freedom

r-value

z-value

Decision

Compute
d

Tabular

9.02

1.96

2.96
3.29
0.778

Ho
Rejected

Chapter 4
Summary, Conclusion and
Recommendation
Summary
- capsulized discussion of Chapter 1, 2
and 3 (1 or 2 paragraphs)
- followed by the findings
Conclusion
Direct answers of the problems.

Chapter 4
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATION
This chapter presents the summary of the results
of the investigation. It also displays the
conclusions and recommendations
Summary
The main purpose of the study was to find out
the extent of risk factors in drop out in terms of
family related, community related and individual
related factors. It also discussed and presents
the profile of the drop-out from 2006 to 2010.

The study focused on conducting interview with the

students who dropped out from school and those who
were at risk of drop-out.
The respondents of the study were the drop-outs
and at risk of dropping out of the school year 2010-2011.
There were seventy nine students involved. The study
was conducted at Asuncion National High School,
Davao del Norte. The investigation was a descriptive
type of research. To find out the extent of the risk factors
of drop out, the study made use of a researcher-made
questionnaire. It also made use of the record of dropouts of Asuncion National High School and the offices of
the Guidance Counselor and Registrar. The study made
use of the Mean, Percentage as tools in the analysis
and interpretation of the data.

Results revealed that:

1. The extent of risk factors of dropping out in
terms of family related had an overall mean of 3.17, with
a descriptive equivalent of moderate extent. Only one
(1) item was in a high extent which refers to item 4,
taking care of younger brother/sister with a mean of
3.62. The items in a moderate extent are: item 1,
prioritizing brother and others got a mean of 3.12; then,
item 2, existing conflict or family problem, and item 3,
assisting parents in work for additional income posted a
mean of 3.37, and 3.25 respectively. Furthermore, only
one (1) item is in a low extent which refers to item 5,
considering family could no longer support my daily
need in school obtained a mean of 2.50. This item is the
less considered reason of dropping out.

2. The extent of risk factors of dropping out in

terms community related posted an overall mean of
3.00, with a descriptive equivalent of moderate extent.
Only two (2) items were in a high extent. These are:
item 1, having a lot of activities to participate in the
community, and item 5, having more fun joining
community activities than going to school posted a
mean of 3.62, and 3.75 respectively. Also, only two (2)
items were in a moderate extent. The ratings are: item
2, surrounding negative influences in the schoolcommunity with a mean of 2.62; and item 3, influencing
by my neighbors who also dropped from school got a
mean of 3.00. Furthermore, only one (1) item is in a low
extent which refers to item 4, having majority of the
neighbor do not go to school got a mean of 2.00.

Recommendations
Based on the significance of the study
and the weak areas of the results.

Considerations on Mentoring
1.) A good mentor is a researcher herself. (institutional
research)
2.) Sets consultation time (Research Coordinator)
3.) Uses monitoring forms (Advisers Progress Report)
4.) Checks manuscript on time (Commitment Form)
5.) Considers previous manuscript in checking as
reference
6. Coordinators with the Research Coordinator
(schedule, process. etc.)

..Workshop
..

Independent Variable
Socio-personal Behavior of
School Administrator

Dependent Variable
Work Development of Teachers

Empathy
Objective-focus
Credibility
Communication skills
Inter-personal relations

Job Enrichment Building

Individual Responsibility
Commitment
Creativity
Communication

Moderator Variable
School

Motor Pool Operation

Public market
Economic
Enterprise
Operational
Management

Terminal Services

Water System

Slaughter House

Public Cemetery

Impact on
Revenues
2005- 2008

Enhancement

Program