1 History,Taxonomy,
Morphology of Bacteria 13.6.2016
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 (13.6.2016) 13.6.2016
#Chapter1.1 History , Taxonomy, Morphology of Bacteria
#ApurbaSastry
9. Pfeiffers bacillus
6. Octate
#Chapter1.1 #MorphologyofBacteria
#ApurbaSastry
#Question17- Involution forms1. Definition
2. Examples
#Chapter1.1
#PhysiologyBacterialPathogenecity
14.6.2016
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 14.6.2016
#Chapter1.1 #PhysiologyBacterialPathogenecity
#ApurbaSastry
#Question1
A.Lag Phase
B.Log Phase
C.Stationary Phase
D.Decline Phase
Which phase of bacterial growth curve the following event occurs
1. Accumulation of enzymes & metabolites
2. Attains max. size
3. Uniformly stained
4. Metabolically active
5. Produce Granules
6. Produce Exotoxin
7. Produce Antibiotics
8. Produce involution forms
#Question2
A.Lag Phase
B.Log Phase
C.Stationary Phase
D.Decline Phase
Which phase of bacterial growth curve the following event occurs
1. Bacteria divide but not die
2. Bacteria do not divide but die
3. Bacteria divide and die
4. Bacteria do not divide and do not die
#Chapter1.1 #PhysiologyBacterialPathogenecity
#ApurbaSastry
#Question3
A. Obligate aerobes
B. Facultative anaerobes
C. Facultative aerobes
D. Microaerophilic bacteria
E. Aerotolerant anaerobe
F. Obligate anaerobes
#Question4
1. Psychrophiles
2. Mesophiles
3. Thermophiles
A. Bacillus stearothermophilus
B. Pseudomonas
C. E.coli
#Question5
#Question6
#Question7
#Question8
#Question9
#Question1
1. Sterilization
2. Disinfection
3. Decontamination (or Sanitization)
#Question2
#Question3
Mechanism of action
1. Dry heat
2. Moist heat
#Question4
#Question5
#Question6
Inspissation
Also called as .
Heating an article by
Used for sterilization of .
#Question7
#Question8
#Question9
#Question10
Filtration:
1. HEPA filter removes from the air ..% of particles of size ..m .
2. ULPA filters - Removes from the air ..% of particles of size ..m .
3. Sterilization control of membrane filters includes.
4. Membrane filters are made up of
5. Pore size- Membrane filters.
#Question11
#Question12
#Chapter1.2#Disinfection 16.6.2016
#Question1
A. Bacterial spores
B. Tubercle bacilli
C. Non enveloped viruses
D. Fungi
E. Enveloped viruses
F. Vegetative bacteria
#Question2
#Question3
#Question4
#Question5
#Question6
#Question7
1. Endoscopes,
2. Surgical Instruments
3. Stethoscope
4. Computers
5. Implants
6. Eye & dental instruments
#Question8
5. Glutaraldehyde
6. Iodophore
7. Hydrogen peroxide
8. Phenol
9. Peracetic acid
10. O-Phthalic acid
11. Plasma sterilization
12. Quatern. ammonium
13. Autoclave
14. Arnold Steamer
15. Hot air oven
#Question9
Which is the most resistant structure to sterilization and which methods are
recommended for sterilization of this material?
#Question10
TESTING OF DISINFECTANTS:
#Question11
#Chapter1.3
#CultureMediaIdentification 17.6.2016
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 17.6.2016
#Chapter1.3 #CultureMediaIdentification
#ApurbaSastry
#Question1
Concentration of agar
o For solid agar preparation-It is used in concentration of 6% F (2%)
o For semisolid agar- 0.5%T
o For solid agar to inhibit Proteus swarming- 1-2%T
#Question2
#Question3
What are the compositions of the following Simple/ basal media (select from the options
given below)?
a) Peptone water
b) Nutrient broth
c) Nutrient agar
1. Peptone (1%)
2. NaCl (0.5%)
3. Water
4. Meat extract (1%)
5. 2% agar
#Question4
B. Enriched media
C. Enrichment broth
D. Selective media
E. Transport media
F. Differential media
1. Growth of fastidious organism- A. Simple/ basal media
2. Testing the non-fastidiousness of bacteria- A. Simple/ basal media
3. Liquid media used for Selecting a pathogen from stool or sputum specimens C.
Enrichment broth (to inhibit commensals)
4. They serve as the base for the preparation of many other media.- A. Simple/ basal
media
5. For studying the bacterial growth curve- Liquid media (Nutrient broth is used)
6. Performing the biochemical tests such as oxidase, catalase and slide agglutination
test - A. Simple/ basal media
7. To study the colony character and Pigment demonstration- A. Simple/ basal media
(Nutrient agar)
8. Differentiating between gram negative bacilli into LF or NLF- F. Differential media
(MacConkey agar)
9. Test hemolysis (Enriched- Blood agar)
10. Solid media used for Selecting a pathogen from stool or sputum specimensD.Selective media
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 17.6.2016
#Chapter1.3 #CultureMediaIdentification
#ApurbaSastry
#Question5
#Question6
#Question7
#Question8
PRAS media
#Question9
#Question10
1. Serotyping
2. Bacteriophage typing
3. Bacteriocin typing4. Biotyping
5. Auxotyping
#Question10 AnswerMost common typing methods used for this organisms?
1. Staphylococcus aureus - BACTERIOPHAGE
2. Shigella sonnei-BACTERIOCIN (colicin typing)
3. Gonococcus-AUXOTYPING
4. C.diphtheriae( gravis, intermedius and mitis)-BIOTYPING
5. Lancefield grouping-SEROTYPING
#Question11
Match the following. Which type of PCR is used in the following situations?
1. For amplifying 6S rRNA genes
2. Double round of amplification
3. Syndromic approach4. Uses >1 primer targeting DNA sequences of several organisms
5. Uses 2 primers: 2nd primer targets the same organism but a different DNA sequence.
6. Quantitative analysis
7. Amplification can be visualized simultaneously during the process of amplification
A. Nested PCR
B. Reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR)C. Multiplex PCR
D. Real-time PCR (rt-PCR)
#Question11 Answer1. For amplifying 6S rRNA genes- RT-PCR (reverse trasnscriptase)
2. Double round of amplification-NESTED PCR
3. Syndromic approach-MULTIPLEX PCR
4. Uses >1 primer targeting DNA sequences of several organisms-MULTIPLEX PCR
5. Uses 2 primers: 2nd primer targets the same organism but a different DNA sequenceNESTED
6. Quantitative analysis-rt-PCR (real time)
7. Amplification can be visualized simultaneously during the process of amplification-rtPCR (real time)
#Chapter1.3 #CultureMediaIdentification
#ApurbaSastry
#Question12
6. Used for TSI (triple sugar iron test) - Stroke & Stab culture
7. Maintaining stock cultures- stab culture
8. Mannitol motility medium- Stab culture
9. Nutrient agar semisolid butts- Stab culture
10. Blood culture-Liquid culture
11. For sterility testing- Liquid culture
12. When large yields of bacteria are required- Lliquid culture
13. For demonstration of bacterial growth curve- Liquid culture
14. To estimate viable bacterial count-Pour plate culture
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 17.6.2016
#Chapter1.3 #CultureMediaIdentification
#ApurbaSastry
#Question13
What is the Sequence of steps occurs in a PCR cycle? And what temp all these steps
take place?
1. Extension of the primer
2. Denaturation
3. Primer annealing
#Question13 AnswerStep1- Denaturation= dsDNA------(95'C)----> ssDNA
Step2- Primary annealing55 degreeC
Step3- Extension of the primer- 72 degreeC- Taq polymerase enzyme
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 17.6.2016
#Chapter1.3 #CultureMediaIdentification
#ApurbaSastry
#Question14
A. For M.tuberculosis
B. Based on fluorescent based detection technique
C. Based on colorimetry
D. Based on pressure change, detected by manometry
#Question14 AnswerMatch the following: Principle used in automated culture methods?
1. BACTEC- Based on fluorescent based detection technique
2. BacT/Alert----- Based on colorimetry
3. ESP culture system---pressure change, detected by manometry
4. MGIT (Mycobacterial Growth Indicator Tube)- M.tb
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2 17.6.2016
#Chapter1.3 #CultureMediaIdentification
#ApurbaSastry
#Question15
Answer the following about the following aspects of the culture media1. Name of the media
2. Type of Media - Basal
/Enriched/Enrichment/Selective/DIfferential/Transport/Anaerobic/for AST
3. Where used
4. Expected growth.
6. Lowenstein - Jensen medium -Selective media - Used for isolation of M.Tuberculosis Solid medium
#Chapter1.4 #BacterialGenetics
18.6.2016
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2
#Chapter1.4 #BacterialGenetics
#ApurbaSastry
18.6.2016 Q 1
Property of Plasmid: true or False
1. Extra chromosomal
2. ss linear DNA
3. Cannot replicate independently
4. Can be integrated with chromosome
5. Essential for life of bacteria
6. They may be present always single in number.
7. Curing is The process of eliminating the plasmids from bacteria
#Q1Answer: Property of Plasmid: true or False
1. Extra chromosomal TRUE
v) Mutation
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2
#Chapter1.4 #BacterialGenetics
#ApurbaSastry
18.6.2016 -Q 4
Transformation has not been studied so far in which of the following bacteria:
A. Streptococcus,
B. Staphylococcus
C. Bacillus,
D. Haemophilus,
E. Neisseria,
F. Acinetobacter
G. Pseudomonas
#Q4Answer
B. Staphylococcus
Transformation has been studied so far only in certain bacteria: Streptococcus,
Bacillus, Haemophilus, Neisseria, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas.
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2
#Chapter1.4 #BacterialGenetics
#ApurbaSastry
18.6.2016 -Q 5
1. List the five toxins that are coded by bacteriophage DNA?
2. Bacteriophage coded toxins are transferred by transduction or lysogenic
conversion?
#Q5Answer
Phage coded toxins- ABCDE
A and C strep pyrogenic exotoxin
Botulinum toxin
Cholera toxin
Diphtheria toxin
EHEC (Verocytotoxin)
2) Lysogenic Conversion
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2
#Chapter1.4 #BacterialGenetics
#ApurbaSastry
18.6.2016 -Q 6
Griffith experiment (1928) on mice using pneumococci. Which strain of Pneumococcus
can kill mice?
A. Live Rough strains
B. Dead Smooth strains
C. Live Smooth strains
D. Dead Rough strains
#Q6Answer Griffith experiment (1928) on mice using pneumococci. Which strain of
Pneumococcus can kill mice?
C. Live Smooth strains
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2
#Chapter1.4 #BacterialGenetics
#ApurbaSastry
18.6.2016 -Q 7
Griffith experiment (1928) is used to demonstrate ?
i)Transformation
ii) Transduction
iii) Lysogenic conversion
iv) Conjugation
v) Mutation
#Q7Answer Griffith experiment (1928) is used to demonstrate ?
i)Transformation
#Chapter1.4 #BacterialDrugResistance
19.6.2016
1. Drug inactivation (by producing -lactamase enzyme)- seen in mainly Gram negative
bacteria
2. Alteration of target site-PBP (penicillin-binding protein) is altered to PBP2a- seen in
mainly Gram negative bacteria
3. Decreased permeability - due to altered outer-membrane porins- seen in mainly
Gram- positive bacteria
4. Efflux pumps mediate expulsion of the drug(s) from the cell I the main mechanism
seen in anaerobic organisms
#AnswerQ3 19.6.2016 #Chapter1.4 #BacterialDrugResistance
1. FALSE -Drug inactivation (by producing -lactamase enzyme)- seen in BOTH Gram
negative AND POSITIVE bacteria
2. FALSE- Alteration of target site-PBP (penicillin-binding protein) is altered to PBP2aseen in mainly Gram POSITIVE bacteria
3. FALSE- Decreased permeability - due to altered outer-membrane porins- seen in
mainly Gram- NEGATIVE bacteria
4. FALSE- Efflux pumps mediate expulsion of the drug(s) from the cell I the main
mechanism seen in anaerobic organisms- NOT SEEN
ASM Discussion on FB Round-2
#Chapter1.4 #BacterialDrugResistance
#ApurbaSastry
19.6.2016 -Q 4
The antibiotic-organism combination given below show which of the following Broad
resistance category ?
A. Decreased permeability across the cell wall
B. Efflux pumps
C. By modification of the antimicrobial target sites within the bacteria
D. By enzymatic inactivation
1. S.aureus to Vancomycin
2. Members of Enterobacteriaceae to Chloramphenicol
3. Resistance to Aminoglycosides
4. MRSA to betalactams
5. Streptomycin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
6. Enterococcus to Vancomycin
7. Rifampicin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
8. Quinolone resistance seen in S.aureus and S. pneumoniae
9. Staphylococci against macrolides and streptogramins
10. Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae against fluoroquinolones
#AnswerQ4 19.6.2016 #Chapter1.4 #BacterialDrugResistance
1. S.aureus to Vancomycin- C. By modification of the antimicrobial target sites within
the bacteria
2. Members of Enterobacteriaceae to Chloramphenicol- D. By enzymatic inactivation
3. Resistance to Aminoglycosides - D. By enzymatic inactivation
4. MRSA to betalactams- C. By modification of the antimicrobial target sites within the
bacteria
5. Streptomycin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis- C. By modification of the
antimicrobial target sites within the bacteria
6. Enterococcus to Vancomycin- C. By modification of the antimicrobial target sites
within the bacteria
7. Rifampicin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis- C. By modification of the
antimicrobial target sites within the bacteria
8. Quinolone resistance seen in S.aureus and S. pneumoniae - C. By modification of the
antimicrobial target sites within the bacteria
9. Staphylococci against macrolides and streptogramins - B. Efflux pumps
10. Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae against fluoroquinolonesB. Efflux pumps