`qantI-cfw ]≤Xn. F¥v, F¥n\v?

hnI-k-\-Øns‚ ap∂p-]m-[n-bmb- A-Sn-ÿm-\-ku-Icy hnI-k-\-Øn\v `qe-`yX Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-∂-Xn\v

th≠n cq]-s∏-Sp-Ønb ]≤-Xn-bmWv em‚ v _m¶v (`q-an-tI-c-fw) ]≤-Xn. CXp-{]-Imcw hyh-km-b -hn-
I-k-\-Øn\pw, Sqdnkw hyh-km-b-Øn-\pw, {]tXy-I- km‰-sse‰v kn-‰n-Iƒ sslth-Iƒ Fb¿t]m¿´p-
Iƒ XpS-ßnbh cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ \n¿Ωm-W-{]-h¿Ø-\-Øn\pw Bh-iy-amb ASn-ÿm\ kuIcy
hnI-k-\-Øn\v th≠n-bp≈ `qan-bmWv Cu ]≤-Xn-bn-eqsS k¿°m¿ kw`-cn-bv°m≥ t]mIp-∂-Xv.-
kw-ÿm-\sØ k¿°m¿ DS-a-ÿ-X-bn¬ Hfn™pw sXfn™pw InS-°p∂ `qan-bpsS \nP-ÿnXn
Afhpw a‰p-hn-i-Zmw-i-ßfpw IqSn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw kq£n-°p-Ibpw Bh-iy-amb L´-Øn¬
]p\¿hn-X-cWw \S-Øp-I-bp-amWv CXp-sIm≠v Dt±-in-°p-∂-Xv. Cßs\ dh\yq hIp-∏ns‚ Iogn-
ep≈ ]pdw-t]m°v, Xcn-»p-\n-e-߃, P]vXn-h-gntbm at‰m ssI-hiw h∂p-tN¿∂ `qan, {]mtZ-inI
kzbw-`-cW ÿm]-\-ß-fpsS Iogn¬ InS-°p∂ Ipf-߃, tXmSp-Iƒ, \o¿Nm-ep-Iƒ, \o¿ØS-߃
XpS-ßn-bh - bpw s]mXp-ac - m-aØv hIp-∏ns‚ Iogn¬h-cp∂ tÉv˛- t- Z-iob ]mX-Ifpw A\p-_‘ tdmUp-
I-fpw, Pe-h-Ip-∏ns‚ Iogn¬ hcp∂ \Zn-Iƒ, \Zo-X-S-߃, ]pdtºm-°p-Iƒ, Imb-ep-Iƒ, ImSp-Iƒ
F∂n-hbpw `q_m-¶ns‚ ]cn-[n-bn¬ hcp-∂p. H´p-sam-Ø-Øn¬ k¿°m-cnt‚bpw kzIm-cy-aq-e-[\
i‡n-I-fp-sSbpw hnhn[ ]≤-Xn-Iƒ°v Bh-iy-amb `qe-`yX Dd-∏p-h-cp-ØpI F∂-XmWv k¿°m¿
CXn-eqsS Dt±-in-°p-∂-Xv. hnhn[ ]≤-Xn-I-ƒ°mh-iy-amb `qan-sb-Sp-∏p-ambn _‘-s∏´v {]tXy-In®v
sslth hnI-k-\-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´v Db¿∂p-h∂ ka-c-ßfpambn kl-I-cn-®p-sIm≠v Xß-fpsS
Xs∂ AWn-Iƒ k¿°m-cn-s\-Xnsc FSpØ FXn¿∏p-Isf ka-c-k-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ ZuXy-hp-am-bmWv
imkv{X- km-lnXy ]cn-jØv cwKØv hcp-∂-Xv. am¿Ivkn-Ãp-]m¿´n t\XrXzw \¬Ip∂ tIcf
k¿°m¿ apt∂m-´p-sh°p∂ Cu ]≤-Xnsb _u≤o-I-ambn ]n¥p-W-°p-Ibpw AXn-\m-h-iy-amb
ssk≤m¥nI ASn-Ød cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xn-\p-amWv “ tIf-Ønse `qhn-\n-tbm-Khpw hnI-k-\hpw “
F∂ t]cn¬ imkv{X- km-ln-Xy-]-cn-jØv CubnsS \S-Ønb Imº-bn-\n-eqsS Dt±-in-®-Xv. `qan
s]mXp kzØv F∂ ap{Zm-hmIyw Db¿Øn-]n-Sn®v Znh-k-ß-tfmfw \S-Ønb {]N-c-W-Im-º-bn-\n¬
`qan-bpsS Ah-Imiw apgp-h≥ P\-߃°p-ap-≈-Xm-sW∂pw P\m-[n-]Xy hy-h-ÿ-bn¬ `qcn-]-£-hn-
`m-K-ß-fpsS Xmev]-cy-ßsf {]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p-∂Xv `c-W-Iq-S-am-sW∂v ]d-™p-sh-°p-Ibpw, `qan-bpsS
hn\n- a - b - ˛ - h n- \ n- t bmK {]h¿Ø- \ - ß ƒ ssIImcyw sNøm- \ p≈ Ah- I miw `c- W - I q- S - Ø n\v
am{XamsW∂v {]Jym-]n°p-∂-Xp-am-bn-cp∂p ]cn-j-Øns‚ Imº-bn≥. k¿°mcnt‚bpw ]cn-j-Øn-
t‚bpw \S-]-Sn-Isf H‰-t\m-´-Øn¬ s]mXp-Xm-ev]-cy-Øn-eq-∂nb {]h¿Ø-\-ambn hymJym-\n-°-s∏-
Sm-sa-¶n-epw, s]mXp-kz-Ømbn ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-tS≠ k¿°m¿ DS-a-ÿ-X-bn-ep≈ `qan-bpw, ÿm]-\-
ß-fpw, hymh-km-b-ß-fp-sa√mw Fß-s\- ]p\¿hn-X-cWw sNø-s∏-Sp-sa∂ Kuc-h-I-c-amb tNmZyamWv
CXv ]pd-Øp-sIm≠p-h-cp-∂-Xv.
Hcp-`m-KØv s]mXp-ta-J-em-ÿm-]-\-ß-sf√mw kzIm-cy-Ip-Ø-I-Iƒ°v hn‰v Xpe-°p-Ibpw kzIm-cy-
h¬°-c-WsØ Atß-b‰w t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-Ibpw kzImcy aqe-[-\-Øn\v ]cn-[n-I-fn-√msX IS-
∂p-hc - m-\p≈ Ah-kc - s
- am-cp-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ tI{μ kwÿm\ k¿°m-cp-If - pw, `c-Wh- ¿§ cmjv{Sob
{]ÿm-\-ß-fpsa√mw `qan-bpsS Imcy-Øn¬ Hcp k¿°m¿ dnk¿tΔ-j≥ Bh-iy-am-sW∂v ]d-bp-
∂Xv F¥p-sIm-≠m-sW-∂Xv ]cn-tim-[n-°s - ∏-tS-≠X - p≠v. Cu ASp-ØI- m-eØv tIc-fØ - nse sslth
hnI-k-\-hpambn _‘-s∏´v Db¿∂p-h∂ hnj-b-߃ ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ CXv a\- n-em-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv.
CS-∏≈n apX¬ Imk¿tImUv hsc 45 ao‰¿ hoXn-bn¬ ]Sp-Øp-b¿Øm≥ Dt±-in-°p∂ tZiob
]mX 17-˛s‚ \n¿ΩmWw \nc-h-[n-{]-iv\-߃°mWv XpS-°-an-´-Xv. 430 Intem-ao-‰-tdmfw hcp∂ tZiob
]mX 17 tdmUns‚ hnI-k-\-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´v Bbn-c-°-W-°n\v IpSpw-_-ß-fpsS `qanbpw ]m¿∏-S-
ßfpw D]-Po-h\ - a - m¿K-ßf - p-amWv \jvSs
- ∏-Sp-∂X- v. CXns\ Ipdn®v ]T\w \S-Ønb hn¬s_¿ kvanØv
Atkm-kn-tb‰vkns‚ dnt∏m¿´v {]Imcw CS-∏≈n apX¬ Ip‰n-]pdw hscbp≈ 111.7 In.-ao. tdmUv 45
ao‰dm°p-tºmƒ Xs∂ 1,18400 t]sc CXv t\cn-´p-_m-[n-°p-sa∂v IW-°m-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Cßs\
e£-°-W-°n\v Bfp-Isf {]Xn-Iq-e-ambn _m[n-°p∂ sslth tdmUv \n¿Ωm-Whpw _n.-H.-Sn. ASn-
ÿm-\-Øn¬ \S-∏n-em-°p-∂-Xn\v IpØI Iº-\n-Iƒ°mWv A\p-hmZw sImSp-°p-∂-Xv. Ip‰n-∏p-dw-˛-
s#-C-S-]≈n ]mXsb kw_‘n®v Ata-cn° Bÿm-\-am-bp≈ hn¬s_¿ kvanØv Atkm-kn-tb‰vkv
enan‰Uv F∂ Iº-\nbpw (Cu Iº-\n-X-s∂-bmWv In\m-eqcpw km[y-Xm-]-T\w \S-Øn-bXv) Ip‰n-
]pdw apX¬ IÆq¿ hscbpw IÆq¿ apX¬ shßew hscbp≈ ]mXsb kw_-‘n®v U¬ln

1
Bÿm-\-am-bp≈ C‚¿\mj-W¬ I¨kƒ´‚ v B‚ v sSIvt\m {Im‰vkv F∂ Iº-\n-bp-amWv
km[yXm ]T-\hpw ]≤Xn dnt∏m¿´pw Xøm-dm°n k¿°m-cn\v \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. \n¿ΩmWw \S-
∂psIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ Xr»q¿-˛-A-¶-amen BOT ]mXbpsS \n¿ΩmWw Gs‰-Sp-Øn-cn-°p-∂Xv Hcp B{‘
Fw.]n °pw hntZ-i-Ip-Ø-I-Iƒ°pw Hm-l-cn-bp≈ Kpcp-hm-bq¿ C≥{^m kv{SIvN¿ ss{]-sh‰v enan-
‰Uv F∂ Iº\nbmWv. Agn-a-Xn°v btYjvSw kuI-cy-ap≈ CØcw ]≤-Xn-Iƒ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-
Xn\v k¿°m-cp-Iƒ Aan-X-amb Xmev]-cy-amWv ImWn-°p-∂-Xv. CXm-sW-¶n¬ ]Xndvdm≠p-I-fmbn
s]mXp-P-\-ß-fpsS A[zm-\hpw \nIp-Xnbpw sIm≠v cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw hnI-kn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvX
s]mXp-C-S-ß-fmb k©m-c-]m-X-I-fmWv CØ-c-Øn¬ InØ-I-I-º-\n-Iƒ°v CjvS-[m-\a sImSp-°m≥
k¿°m¿ Xøm-sd-Sp-°p-∂Xv.
Hcp-`m-KØv kmam\y P\-Øns‚ A[zm-\-^ew sIm≠v ]Sp-Øp-b¿Ønb ]›m-Ø-e-ku-I-
cy-߃ tIm¿∏-td‰v IpØ-I-Iƒ°v [m\w sImSp-°p-Ibpw adp-`m-KØv P∑-ß-fpsS {ia-^ew sIm≠v
ssIh-cn® Xp≠p-`q-an-Ifpw InS-∏m-S-ßfpw D]-Po-h-t\m-]m-[n-Ifpw k¿°m-cn-te-°m-sW∂v ]d-™p-
sIm≠v sIm≈-b-Sn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Zznap-J-amb {]h¿Ø-\-ssi-en-bmWv `c-W-h¿K-߃ kzoI-
cn-°p-∂-Xv. CØcw kml-N-cy-߃s°-Xnsc Bi-b-X-e-Ønepw {]mtbm-KnIXe-Ønepw Db¿∂p-h-
cp∂ sNdp-Øp-\n-ev]p-Isf `c-W-IqSw t\cn-Sp-∂Xv \njvTq-c-amb B{I-a-W-Ø-eq-tSbpw \nc-h[n
k∂≤ kwL-S-\-I-fn-eq-tS-bpamW. CS-]≈n Ip‰n-∏pdw ]mXbpsS km[yXm ]T\w \S-Ønb hn¬-
s_¿ kvanØv Xs∂ ]≤-Xn-bp-ambn _‘-s∏-´p-h-cp∂ IpSn-sbm-gn-∏n-°¬ {]iv\sØ X∑-b-Xz-
tØmsS ]cn-l-cn-°m≥ k∂≤ kwL-S-\-Isf Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xns\ kw_-‘n®v IrXy-amb \n¿§-
i-ß-fmWv \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ CØcw hnj-b-ß-fn¬ tIc-f-Ønse a[y-h¿K-
߃°p-≈n¬ henb kzm[o-\-ap≈ imkv{X kmln-Xy-]-cn-j-Øn-t\-t]m-ep≈ k∂≤ kwL-S-\-
Iƒ \S-Øp∂ {]h¿-Ø-\-ßsf kw_-‘n®pw Ah¿ D-∂-bn-°p∂ Bi-b-X-e-Øn-ep≈ {]N-c-
Wßsf kw_-‘n®pw kq£va-ambn ]cn-tim-[n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.

ASn-b-¥nc kml-Ncyw
Ign™ ]Øp-h¿j-Øn-\p-≈n¬ tIcf kaq-l-sØ -]n-Sn-®p-e® ka-c-ßfn¬ `qcn-`m-Khpw
`qansb tI{μo-I-cn-®p-≈-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. BZn-hm-kn-Ifpw, Zfn-Xcpw Dƒs∏-Sp∂ hn`m-K-߃ `qan°v th≠n
\S-Ønb ka-c-߃ Hcn-°¬IpSn `q{]-iv\-ßsf tIc-f-k-aq-l-a-[y-Øn-te°v sIm≠p-h-∂p. apØ-
ßbpw, sNß-d-bpw-, h-b-\m-Sp-sa√mw Zcn{Z kmaq-ly-hn-`m-K-߃ `qan-°v th≠n \S-Ønb ka-c-ß-
fm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬, a[y-h¿§ßƒ t]mep≈ hn`m-K-߃ \S-Ønb hnhn[ ka-c-߃ Xß-fpsS
ssIh-iw D≈ Xp≠p `qan-Ifpw AXpambn _‘-s∏´ D]-Po-h-\- am¿§-ß-fpw, hnhn[ cmPym-¥-c-Ip-
Ø-Iƒ°v th≠n ]nSn-s®-Sp-°p-∂-Xn\v FXn-cmbn \S-Ønb ka-c-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. am{X-a√ C¥y-se-
ºmSpw , {]tXy-In®v _wKmƒ, _olm¿, Hdo-k, NØo-kvK-Vv, B{‘{]tZiv t]mep≈ kwÿm-\-
ß-fn¬ BZn-hm-kn-Ifpw `qc-lnX I¿j-Icpw \S-Øp∂ c‡-cq-£n-Xa - m-b k
- a
- c
- ß
- ƒ C¥ym-cm-PysØ
ho≠pw Im¿jnI Iem-]-ß-fpsS Ah-ÿ-bn-tebv°v FØn-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. Cu Iem-]- {]-tZ-i-ß-
fnse amthm-bnkv‰v kzm[o\w {]iv\sØ `c-W-Iq-S-Øns‚ ap∂n¬ henb sh√p-hn-fn-bp-b¿Øn-bn-
cn-°p-∂p. Hcp A¿≤-^yq-U¬ kº-Zvhy-hÿ \ne-\n¬°p∂ C¥y-bn¬ `qan-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´v
Db¿∂p-h-cp∂ ka-c-ß-sf√mw \μo-{Kmapw Zt¥-hm-tUbpw krjvSn-°p-tam-sb∂ Nn¥-bm-IWw tIc-
ftØ t]mep≈ CS-Xp-]£ kzm[o\w Gsd-bp≈ kwÿm-\sØ CXp-t]m-semcp ]≤-Xn-bnte-
bvs°-Øn-®-Xv.

`q]-cn-jvI-cWw
CS-Xp-]-£hpw, ]cn-jØpw
1957-¬v tIc-f-Ønse Ahn-`‡ IΩyq-WnÃp]m¿´nbpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn-ep≈ a{¥n-k`bmWv
Im¿jnI-_-‘-_n¬ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXvv. \thm-∞m-\ -Im-e-L-´-Øn\v tijw tIc-f-Ønse kmaq-ly-
am-‰-߃°v \mμn-Ip-dn-®Xv Im¿jn-I-_-‘-_n-√m-bn-cp∂p sh∂mWv Ncn{XImc≥amcpw {]tXy-In®v
CS-Xp-]£ _p≤n-Po-hn-Ifpw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.
tIc-f-N-cn{Xw am¿IvknÃv ho£-W-Øn¬ F∂- Xs‚ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ C.-Fw. Fkv. Xs∂
AS-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ t]mse Im¿jnI_‘-_n¬ IpSn-bm≥am¿°v ]m´-ÿn-c-X, Ipd-™-]m´w DS-a-
h-Imiw hnebv°v hmßm-\p≈ Ah-Imiw, `qc-ln-X¿°v an®-`q-an-hn-X-c-W-Øn-eqsS `qan e`n-°m-
\p≈ Ah-kcw F∂n-h-sb-√m-amWv hmKvZm\w \¬In-bn-cp-∂-Xv. CXm-sW-¶n¬ AJn-te¥y Bkq-

2
-{XW IΩo-js‚ `q]-cn-jv°-c-W-]m-\¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n® ASn-ÿm\ XXz-ß-fn¬ A[n-jvTn-Xhp-am-bn-
cp-∂p. CXm-Is´ hnI-knX cmPy-ß-fn¬ c≠mw temI bp≤-Øn\v tijw Db¿∂ph∂ Im¿jnI
A\p-_-‘-ta-J-e-bnse IpØI aqe-[-\ -Xm-ev]-cy-Øn\v A\p-_-‘-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. C¥y-bnse aqe-
[-\ -ap-X¬ apS-°n\v {]Xn-_-‘-ambn XpS-cp∂ Hcp hnj-b-am-bn-cp∂p `q]-cn-jv°-c-Ww. CXn\v th≠n
Ata-cn-°≥ `c-W-IqSw s\lvdp-hn¬ kΩ¿Zw sNep-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. CXns\ kw_-‘n®v
1960-˛¬ Ata-cn-°≥ tÉv A≠¿ sk{I-´dn UKvfkv Un√≥ Ata-cn-°≥ tIm¨{K- ns‚ D]-k-an-
Xnbn¬ CXns\ kw_-‘n®v km£y-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. sXmgn¬ sshZ-Kv[y-Øns‚ XmW \ne-hmcw,
]cn-an-X-amb {]mtZ-inI Itºmfw, kzIm-cy-kw-cw-`-ß-fm{ibn-°p∂ tdmUp-Iƒ, sshZyp-Xn, hm¿Øm-
hn-\n-abw XpS-ßnbh ASn-ÿm\ kuI-cy-ß-fpsS A`mhw, `q]-cn-jv°-c-Ww, cm{job A\n-›n-
XXzw XpS-ßnb Ata-cn-°≥ apX¬ apS-°n\v th≠n Bh-iy-ap-∂bn-®n-cp∂ C¥y≥ A[n-Im-cn-
Iƒ°v ap≥]n¬ Ata-cn-°≥ `c-W-IqSw apt∂m-´v- sh® {]Xn-_-‘-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p.
sshtZ-iob aqe-[-\-Øn-\pw, kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bv°pw, Atßb‰w {ian-®ncp-∂ C¥y-bnse
h≥InS Iº-\n-I-fpsS Xmev]-cysØ tkhn-°p∂ C¥y-bpsS Bkq-{X-W- ]-≤Xn tcJ-bn¬ `q]-cn-
jv°-c-W-Øn-\p≈ Bh-iy-ap-b¿∂Xv kzm`m-hn-I-am-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-sIm≠p Xs∂ tI{μ k¿°m¿
apt∂m´v sh°p∂ \n¿t±-i-ßfn¬ \n∂p-sIm≠v -Xs∂ `q]-cn-jv°-cWw \S-∏n-em-°m≥ Ignbp-
sa∂mWvv tIc-f-Ønse IΩyq-WnÃv ]m¿´n Icp-Xn-b-Xv. as‰m-cp-hn-[-Øn¬ ]d-™m¬ ssI\-\-bmsX
ao≥]n-Sn-bv°m-sa-∂mWv ]m¿´n Icp-Xn-bX
- v. F∂m¬ h≥InS `qhp-Sa - I
- sf t\cn´v _m[n-°p∂ Im¿jn-
I-_‘_n-√ns\Xntc-bpw, hnZym-`ymk ]cn-jv°-c-W-Øn-s\-Xn-tcbpw tIc-f-Ønse tIm¨{K pw,
ItØm-en-°≥ k`-bpw, hnhn[ aX-i-‡n-Ifpw \S-Ønb hntam-N-\-k-acw k¿°m-¿ cq]-s∏-Sp-Ønb
_n¬ ]m m-°p-∂-Xn¬ \n∂v XS-bp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-bXv. hmkvXhØn¬ 1957˛ IΩyqWnÃv a{¥n-k-`-
bpsS Im¿jnI _‘_n¬ 59˛¬ \nbak`bn¬ ]m m°pIbpw, 61˛¬ AXv {]m_eyØn¬
hcnIbp≠msb¶nepw tImSXnbnSs∏´v _n¬ Akm[phm°n. 1963˛¬ ]´w XmWp]n≈bpsS
t\XrXzØnep≈ tIm¨{K v˛]n.Fkv.]n. k¿°mcmWv Im¿jnI_‘ _n√ns‚ ]cnjv°cn®
]Xn∏n\v cq]w sImSpØXv . 1967˛¬ CPIM \bn® k]v X I£n a{¥nk` apt∂m´v sh®
t`ZKXnItfmsS 63˛se \nbaw 70emWv ]q¿Æambpw \S∏nem°nbXv. F∂m¬ am¿IvknÃv
]m¿´nbptSbpw, tIm¨{K ns‚bpw t\XrXzØnep≈ hnhn[ ap∂WnIƒ hyXykvX kabßfn¬
Iq´mtbm GI]£obamtbm cq]s∏SpØnb \n¿Znjv S _n¬ {][m\ambpw `qP∑nIfpsS
Xmev]cyßsfbmWv Xr]vXns∏SpØnbXv. d∫¿, Im∏n, tXbne, Gew F∂nh IqSmsX \mWy
hnfIsf IqSn Im¿jnI _‘_n√ns‚ ]cn[nbn¬ \n∂v Hgnhm°nbpw `qhpSaIƒ ]m´Øn\v
\¬Inb `qan \n¿_‘ambpw k¿°mcn¬ \n£n]vXam°p∂Xv Hgnhm°nbpw, `qhpSaIƒ°v
\¬Ip∂ \jvS]cnlmcXpI h¿≤n∏n®pw, `q]cn[n 35 G{Ibmbn Db¿Ønbpw `qhpSaIƒ°v
A\pIqeambn _n√ns\ ]cnh¿Øn∏n°phm≥ IΩyqWnÃv˛tIm¨{Kkv k¿°m¿ henb cmjv{Sob
\mSIamWv Ifn®Xv. hmkvXhØn¬ 1957˛se IΩyqWnÃv a{¥nk` cq]s∏SpØnb \nbaØn¬
Dev]mZ\ _‘ßsf hnπhIcambn am‰n Xo¿°p∂ bmsXmcp \S]SnIfpw D≠mbncp∂n√. adn®v
C.Fw. Fkv . Xs∂ kqNn∏n°p∂ t]mse (tIcf Ncn{Xw am¿Iv k nÃv ho£WØn¬)
]m´hyhÿbv°v Iogn¬ Ign™ncp∂ ]m´IpSnbm≥am¿°v `qan e`yam°pItbm, ]m´XpI
Ipd°pItbm `qanbpsS ]cn[n \n¿Wbn°pItbm, {]Xn^ew \¬Intbm, A√mtXtbm Gs‰Sp°p∂
an® `qan I¿jIsXmgnemfnIƒ°nSbn¬ hnXcWw sNøpIbpambncp∂p {]Jym]nX ]cn]mSn.
AXmbXvIrjn`qanbn¬ ]WnsbSp°p∂ bYm¿∞I¿jIsc H∂maXmbn ]cnKWn°phm≥
tIm¨{K ns\ t]mse IΩyqWnÃv ]m¿´nbv°pw Ign™n√. Cu \nbaamIs´ 1959\v apºv Xs∂
XncpsIm®nbnepw, ae_mdnepsams° h∂pIgn™n´p≈Xpambncp∂p. kzmX¥ykac
ImeL´Øn¬ ]p∂{] hbemdnt\t]mep≈ Im¿jnI kac߃ A\nhmcyam°nb Im¿jnI
]cnjv°mc߃ \S∏nem°m≥ A∂sØ `cWm[nImcnIsf \n¿_‘n®Xpambncp∂p. CXp{]Imcw
1949˛¬ XncphnXmwIqdnse _‘nX `qclnX I¿jI¿°v ÿncamb IpSnInS∏hImiw e`n°pIbpw
Nne D]m[nItfmsS am{Xta Hgn∏n°mhq F∂ \nbaw \nehn¬ hcpIbpw sNbvXp. CXpt]mse
1942˛¬ Xs∂ sIm®nbnepw CXpt]mse \S∏m°s∏´n´p≠mbncp∂p. (1943˛¬ shdpw ]m´ I¿jI¿°v
ÿnchImiw e`n®ncp∂p) 1951˛se t`ZKXnbneqsS ae_mdnse ta¬Nm¿Øv k{ºZmbw
\n¿Øem°pIbpw shdpw ]m´I¿jI¿°v ÿnchImiw \¬IpIbpw sNbvXp. 1954˛se t`ZKXn
Hgn∏n°¬ XSbpIbpw kz¥ambn Irjn \SØm≥ B{Kln°p∂ P∑n Hcp h¿jsØ A‰mZmbw
IpSnbm\v \jvS]cnlmcambn \¬IWsa∂v A\pimkn°pIbpw sNbvXncp∂p. Npcp°Øn¬
sIm´ntLmjn°s∏Sp∂ 1959˛se \nbaØn\v apºvXs∂ Im¿jnI taJebnse ]cnjv°cW߃°v
3
XpS°w Ipdn®ncp∂p. CXns‚ XpS¿®-bm-bn-h∂ Im¿jn-I-_-‘-_n¬ bYm¿∞-Øn¬ h≥InS `qhp-
S-a-Iƒ°v Xß-fpsS `qansb tXm´w taJ-e-bntebv°v tcJ-]-c-ambn am‰m-\p≈ kml-Ncyw krjvSn-
°p-Ibpw, {SÃn-t‚bpw _‘p-°-fp-tSbpw t]cn-tebv°v `qan- ssI-am‰w sNøp-hm\pw kuIcyw
sNbvXp-sIm-Sp-°p-∂-Xn¬ tIm¨{K v hnP-bn-®p. CXns\ XpS¿∂v tIc-f-Øn¬ an® `qan e`y-a-
s√∂ hmZ-Øn-te-bv°mWv tIm¨{K v FØn-b-Xv. Cu hmZ-apJsØ s]mfn-°p-∂-Xn\v th≠nbmWv
]cn-an-X-am-bm-sW-¶nepw \ne-\n-ev°p∂ `qan-bpsS e`y-Xsb Np≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂-Xn\pw th≠n-bm-
bn-cp∂p F.-sI.-Pn. bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn-ep≈ an®-`q-an- k-acw Ac-tß-dn-b-Xv.
hmkvX-h-Øn¬ km{am-PyXzkΩ¿Zw aqew C¥y≥ `c-W-IqSw \S-∏n-em-°nb `q]-cn-jv°-
cW \b-Øn¬ A\p-_-‘-ambn {]h¿Øn® tIc-f-Ønse IΩyq-WnÃv ]m¿´n-Ifpw tIm¨{K pw
bYm¿∞ I¿j-I-cmb I¿jI sXmgn-em-fn-Isf Irjn `qan \¬Ip-∂-Xn¬ \n∂v Hgn-hm-°p-Ibpw,
Cu hn`m-K-Øn\v A©p-sk‚pw ]Øp-sk‚pw \¬In-sIm≠v `q]-cn-jv°-c-W-Øns‚ bYm¿∞
kØsb C√m-Xm°pI-bp-am-Wp-≠m-bX - v. `q]-cn-jv°c- Ww aqew bmsXmcphn[ kmaq-ly-am-‰hpw D≠m-
bn-s√-∂√ CXp-sIm≠v A¿∞-am-°p-∂Xv adn®v ka-{Khpw hnπ-hm-fl-I-hp-amb, Dev]m-Z-\-_-‘-ß-
fnse am‰-߃°v XpS-°-an-Sp∂ `q]-cn-jv°-c-W-Øn¬ \n∂v AXv Hgn™p \n¬°p-Ibpw A°m-
eØv C¥y-bn-se-ºmSpw Ae-bS- n-®c - p∂ XojvWa - mb `qk-ac
- ß
- f
- n¬ \n∂p-≈ kpc-£m-hmƒhv krjvSn-
°p-I-bp-amWv `q]-cn-jv°-cWw BXy-¥n-I-ambn sNbvX-Xv.
CXp-aqew tIc-f-Øn¬ `qan-bpsS hnX-cWw Atß-b‰w tI{μo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw adp-`m-KØv
Xp≠p hXv°-cWw i‡-ns∏Sp-I-bp-ap-≠m-bn. CXmIs´ Im¿jnI taJ-e-bn¬ ]Wn-sb-Sp-Øn-cp∂
BZn-hm-kn-Ifpw, Zfn-Xcp aS-ßp∂ Hcp henb hn`mKw P\-߃°v Irjn `qan-bn-√mØ Ahÿ
\ne-\n¿Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp. P\-ß-fnse 35 iX-am-\-tØmfw Bfp-Iƒ Xp≠p-`q-an-t]m-ep-an-√msX
C∂pw \n-ev°p-tºmƒ 5 sk‚pw 10 sk‚pw D≈-h¿ Pohn-Xm-h-iy-߃°v th≠n `qanbv°v ta¬ IS-
sa-SpØpw hn‰pw `qc-ln-X-cmbn sIm≠n-cp-∂p.
C°mcyßsf Ipdns®m∂pw th≠{X ]cnti[n°msX `q]cnjv°cWØns‚ alXzsØ
hmt\mfw ]pIgv Ø pIbpw, AXns‚ ]cnan[nIsf∂ \nebn¬ Nne Imcy߃ A{X
KuchIca√msX ]cma¿in°pIbpw sNøp∂ ]cnjØv AXns‚ Im]SyamW v {]Z¿in∏n°p∂Xv.
`q]cnjv°cW \nbaØn¬ \n∂v Hgnhm°s∏´, I¿jI sXmgnemfnIfn¬ `qcn`mKhpw hcp∂
ZfnXcptSbpw BZnhmknIfptSbpw Cu {]iv\w Fßs\ ]cnlcn°psa∂ ImcyØnepw ]cnjØv
IÆS°p∂p. CXmIs´ Irjnsb {][m\ t{kmX mbn ]cnKWn°mØ `qhpSaIfpw, Irjn`qan
ssIhian√mØ I¿jI sXmgnemfnbpw XΩnep≈ sshcp≤ysØ ImWmsX t]mhpIbpw sNøp∂p.
bYm¿∞Øn¬ Cu sshcp≤ysØ, Im¿jnI taJebpsS hnIk\sØ \n¿Æbn°p∂ LS-I-
ßsf aqSnhbv°pIbmWv ]cnjØv sNøp∂Xv. CXpXs∂bmWv Dev]mZ\i‡nItfbpw, sNdpInS
Dev]mZ\cwKtØbpw apcSn∏n°ps∂∂v a\ nem°m≥ Iq´m°msX , tIcfØnse `qhnXcWØnse
Ak¥penXmhÿsb Fßs\ ]cnlcn°psa∂v ]d™p hbv°msX c£s∏SpIbmWv ]cnjØv
sNøp∂Xv. am{Xa√ `qhpSa h¿§ßfpw, aqe[\i‡nIfpw, DulI®hSßfneqsS \SØp∂
`qtI{μoIcWsØ, `qanbpsS hn\ntbmK AhImiØns‚ sh´n®pcp°temsS {]Xntcm[n°psa∂
I≈\mWbamWv ]cnjØv Cd°p∂Xv.
A\nb{¥nXamb PohnXNnehv aqew InS]mShpw Xp≠p`qanIfpw hns‰mgntb≠nhcp∂
Zcn{ZcpsS ssIam‰hImisØ \nb{¥n®psIm≠v `qtI{μoIcWsØ XSbmsa∂ hmZw Hcp
s]m´mtXm°v am{XamWv. I¿jIt‚bpw, Zcn{ZI¿jIt‚bpw, I¿jIsXmgnemfnIfptSbpw,
I¿jItaJebn¬ ]pdwX≈s]´hcptSbpsa√mw Poh≥ {]Xnk‘nIsf Fßs\ XcWw
sNømsa∂v ]dbmsX `qan s]mXpkzØmsW∂ Imev]\nIXbpsS tkmjyenÃv ]´n¬ s]mXn™
I≈\mWbw P\ßfpsS ap∂n¬ shbv°pIbmWv ]cnjØv. CXmIs´ Ah¿ Xs∂ ]pIgvØp∂
`q]cnjv°cW_n¬ Du∂n]dbp∂ `qanbpsS ssIam‰hImiØns‚ ewL\hpamWv. AXmbXv
aqe[\i‡nIƒ°v B[n]Xyap≈ Hcp kºZvLS\bn¬ s]mXptaJesb t]mep≈ tkmjyenÃv
\mSy߃ XI¿ØmSpIbmWh¿. CXmIs´ hnIk\Ønt‚bpw hyhkmbhXvIcWØnt‚bpw
t]cn¬ kmam\y P\Øns‚ ssIhiap≈ D]m[nIƒ X{¥]p¿Δw aqe[\i‡nIƒ°v Fßns\
]p\¿hnXcWw sNømsa∂Xns‚ ]co£Ww IqSnbmWv. am{Xa√ `qanbn√mØ
kmaqlyhn`mKßfpsS `qanbv°v th≠nbp≈ kacßsf Fßns\ C√mXv°mw F∂XpIqSnbmWv.
s]mXptaJesb Nq≠nImWn®p≈ Cu X{¥w C¥y≥ `cWh¿§ßƒ {]XyIn®pw CPI, CPIM ˛
t]mep≈ cmjv{Sob{]ÿm\߃ h¿jßfmbn ]b‰p∂XpamWv.

4
hnI-k-\hpw kaq-lhpw
HXp \n›nX kaq-l-Øn¬ Pohn-X-\n-e-hm-c-Øn-ep-≠m-Ip∂ kmº-Øn-Ihpw kmwkv°m-cn-I-hpw,
cmjv{So-b-hp-amb-- h-f¿®-bpsS Zni-tb-bmWv hnI-k\w F∂-Xp-sIm≠v hnh-£n-°p-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm-
≠pXs∂ kaq-l-Øns‚ Pohn-X- km-[y-X-Isf Ipdn®v a\- n-em-°-en-t‚bpw, kzmb-Ø-am-°-en-
t‚bpw D]m-[n-bm-bn-cn-°Ww hnI-k\w F∂ kw⁄-sIm≠v \n¿h-Nn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. ]t£ F√m
Ncn-{X-L-´-ß-fnepw Adn-hn-t‚bpw kzmb-Ø-am-°-en-t‚bpw km[yX GI-]-£o-b-am-bn- t]m-Ip-∂-
Xns‚ Imc-W-߃ h¿§-k-aq-l-Øns‚ P∑-kn-≤-am-sW∂v ]d-bmw. CXp-aqew hnI-k-\-Øns‚
ImgvN-]mSv kaq-l-Ønse B[n-]-Xy-ap-≈-hs‚ ho£-W-am-Ip-∂Xv kzm`m-hn-I-am-WvXm-\pw.
F∂m¬ Dev]m-Z-\-Øn-t‚Xpw hnI-k-\-Øn-t‚-Xp-amb {]{In-b-bnse _e-{]-tbm-K-ßsf P\m-[n-]-
Xy-Øn-t‚bpw tkmjy-en-k-Øn-t‚-Xp-amb cwK-hn-Xm-\-Øn¬ Fßs\ ka-c-k-s∏-SpØmw F∂-
XmWv H´p-an° apX-em-fnØ kmaq-ly-im-kv{X-⁄-cp-tSbpw CjvS-hn-j-bw. Ign™ \q‰m-≠ns‚
]Ip-Xn-bn¬ sIbn≥kn-t\-t]m-ep≈ kmº-ØnI imkv{X-⁄¿ {]tbm-Kn-®Xpw CtX X{¥-am-Wv.
CXm-Is´ apX-em-fnØ cmPy-ß-fnepw c≠mw temI-bp-≤-Øn\v tijw kz-X{¥-amb ap∂mw
temI-cm-Py-ß-fnepw kº-Zvhy-h-ÿ-bn¬ s]mXp-ta-J-esb Fßns\ kzIm-cy-aq-e-[-\-Øn\v A\p-
Kp-W-am°n am‰n-sb-Sp°mw F∂ ]co-£-W-amWv \S-∂-Xv. AØ-c-Øn-ep≈ {]tbm-Kß -- ƒ°v
C¥ybpw, {]tXy-In®v tIc-fhpw km£yw hln-°p-∂p-≠v. CXns‚ `mK-am-bn´v thWw tkmjy-
enÃv ssk≤m-¥nI ad-°p-≈n¬ \n∂p-sIm≠v tIc-f-Ønse am¿IvknÃv ]m¿´n-bpw, imkv{X-km-
ln-Xy-]-cn-j-Øp-sams° apt∂m-´p-sh-°p∂ hnI-k-\m-[n-jvTnX `q\-bw.
k¿°m¿ ]≤-Xn-Iƒs°-Xnsc hna¿i-\-ap-∂-bn-°p∂ GsXm-cmfpw C∂v `c-W-Iq-S-Øn\v
ap∂n¬ hnI-k\ hntcm-[n-bm-Wv. In\m-eqcpw aqe-ºn-≈nbpw t]mep≈ At\-I-bn-S-߃ hnI-k\
hntcm-[n-I-fpsS Xmh-f-ß-fam-bXv AXp-sIm-≠m-Wv. sNdp-\yq-\-]-£-߃t°m, kmº-ØnI i‡n-
Iƒt°m KpW-^ew e`n-°p∂ ]≤-Xn-Iƒ°v (hn-I-k-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-߃°v) th≠n `qcn-]£w hcp∂
Zcn-{Z-\m-cm-b-W≥amcpsS A[zm-\hpw kºØpw Nne-h-gn-°-W-sa-∂ efn-X-amb bp‡n-bmWv CXn\v
]n∂n-ep-≈-Xv. AXp-sIm-≠v Nn-e- hn-`m-K-ß-sf-¶n-epw, CØcw ]≤-Xn-Iƒ-s°-Xnsc cwKØv hcp-
∂Xv kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. CXp-t]m-ep≈ ASn-ÿm\ kuI-cy-hnI-k\Øn\vv `qan Is≠-Øp-∂-Xp-ambn
_‘-s∏´v krjvSn-°-s∏-Sp∂ sNdp-Øp-\n-ev]p-Iƒ `c-W-Iq-S-sØ-kw-_-‘n®v Akzo-Im-cyhpw A\p-
h-[n-®p-sIm-Sp-°m≥ km[n-°m-Ø-Xp-am-Wv. C{]-Im-c-ap-≈ {]Xn-k-‘n-Isf adn-I-S-°p-∂-Xn\v
th≠nbmWv k¿°m¿ ssIhiw hbv°m-hp∂ coXn-bn¬ `qan kw`-cn-°pI F∂ ]≤-Xn-bn-te°v
FØp-∂Xv. Xo¿®-bmbpw, Sqdn-k-tØbpw \n¿Ωm-W-hy-h-km-b-tØbpw tIc-f-Øns‚ kpÿnc
hnI-k\ D]m-[n-bmbn ImWp∂ k¿°m-cns\ kw_-‘n®v `qan AXn-{]-[m-\-amb LS-I-am-Wv. AXp-
sIm≠v Xs∂ CXn-s‚ kw`-c-WsØ kw_-‘n-®p≈ kao-]\w kmaq-ln-Im-h-iy-Øns‚ ad-°p-
≈n¬ \n¿tØ-≠Xpw s]mXp-ta-J-esb t]mep≈ tkmjy-enÃv apJw aqSn-°p-≈n¬ Hfn-∏n-t°-
≠XpamWv. s]mXp-ta-J-esb kw_-‘n-®p≈ kmaq-ln-I-t_m-[-hpw, tkmjy-en-Ãp-Im¿°pw, `c-W-
h¿§ IΩyq-Wn-Ã-Iƒ°p-ap≈ sX‰mb ImgvN-]mSpw CXn\v A\p-]q-c-I-am-Wp-Xm-\pw.

s]mXp-ta-Je t\cpw \pWbpw

kzmX-{¥ym-\-¥c Ime-L´w apX¬ `cW h¿§-ß-fm¬ Gsd sX‰n-≤-cn-°-s∏´ taJ-e-bm-Wv s]mXp-
ta-J-ebptSXv. CXmWv s\lvdp apX-ep≈ tIm¨{K v t\Xm-°sf tkmjy-en-Ãp-I-fpambn Ah-X-
cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v Imc-W-ambn h¿Øn-®Xv. c≠mw temI-bp-≤-Øn\v tijw an° kzX-{¥-cm-Py-ßfpw
AXns‚ kº-Zvhy-ÿbn¬ s]mXp-ta-J-e-bpsS ÿm\w Dd-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-epw, km¿°m¿˛ kzImcy
aqe-[-\-ap-S-°ns\ ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\pw, {i≤m-ep-°-fm-bn-cp∂p. IqSmsX {_n´≥, {^m≥kv, ]›n-
a-P¿-Ω-\n, C‰-en, Bkv{Sn-b, kzoU≥ XpS-ßnb bqtdm-]y≥ cmPy߃ C∂pw, X{¥-{]-[m-\-amb
hyh-km-b-ÿm-]-\-߃ hn]p-e-amb tXmXn¬ tÉv kzØm°n \ne-\n¿Øn hcp-∂p. Cu cmPy-ß-
fn¬, I¬°cn hyh-km-bw, Ccp-ºp-cp-°p-hy-h-km-bw, hnZyp-O-‡n-bp-ev]m-Z-\w, hnam-\-K-Xm-KXw XpS-
ßn-bh tZi-km-Xv°-cn-°p-I-bpw, Xosc a’-c-tijn Ipd™ Iº-\n-Isf Gs‰-Sp-°p-Itbm sNbvXn-
cp-∂p. {_n´ojv I∏¬ \n¿ΩmW Iº\n-bmb {_n´ojv jn∏v _n¬tU-gvkv, {^©v hnam\ \n¿ΩmW
Iº-\n-bmb Abtdmkv]mkn-bm¬, ]›n-a-P¿Ω≥ s]t{Sm-sIan°¬ Iº-\n-bmb s^_v F∂nh
CXn\v DZm-l-c-W-ß-fmWv. \jvS-Øn¬ {]h¿Øn-°p∂ ÿm]-\-ßsf Gs‰-Sp-°p-I-bpw, Ah-bpsS
ap≥ Hm-lcn DS-a-Iƒ°v ÿnc-amb \jvS-]-cn-lmcw \¬Ip-∂-Xn-tebv°pw Aßs\ aqe-[-\-i-‡n-

5
Isf \jvS-Øn¬ \n∂v Ic-I-b-‰p-∂-Xn-\pw, klm-bn-°p-I- F∂ [¿Ω-amWv an° cmPy-ß-fntebpw
`c-W-Iq-S-߃ A\p-h¿Øn-®-Xv.
C¥y-bn¬ 1944-˛¬ sP.-B¿.-kn. Sm‰, Pn.-kn. _n¿f, ]pcn-tjm-Øw-Zm-kv Xm°p¿Zm-kv, {iocmw,
IkvXq¿`mbv em¬`mbv XpS-ßnb h≥ aqe-[\ i‡n-Iƒ cq]-s∏-Sp-Ønb t_mwt_ πm\ns‚ XpS¿®-
bm-bn-cp∂p C¥y-bpsS tZi-km¬°-c-W -{]-{Inb. hf-sc-tbsd aqe-[\ apS-°p≈ ASn-ÿm\ hyh-
km-b-ßfpw ASn-ÿm\ kuI-cy-߃ hnI-kn-∏n-°m-\p≈ ]≤-Xn-I-fnepw k¿°m-cn-s\-sIm≠v aqe-
[\w apS-°n-bv°p-Ibpw CXns‚ kuI-cy-Øm¬ Xß-fpsS hyh-km-b-ß-tf-bpw, hym]mc Xmev]-cy-
ß-tfbpw kwc-£n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p C¥y≥ aqe-[\ i‡n-Iƒ sNbvX-Xv. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v C¥y-
bn¬ F≥.-Un.-F. k¿°m-cns‚ Ime-ØmWv BZysØ s]mXp taJem ÿm]-\-Øns‚ Hmlcn
hn¬°p-∂-Xv. em`-I-c-ambn {]h¿Øn-®n-cp∂ _m¬tIm (BALCO) bpsS 51 iX-am\w Hm-lcn 551
tImSn cq]bv°v hmßn-bXv e≠≥ Bÿm-\-ambn {]h¿Øn-°p∂ thZm-¥-bpsS k_vknU-dn-bmb
sÿsse‰v Bbn-cp-∂p (Iº-\n-bpsS 48% Hm-l-cnbv°v 883tImSn cq] aqeyw IW-°m-°n-bn-cp-∂-
ÿm-\-ØmWv 51% Hm-lcn shdpw 551 tImSn cq]bv°v hn‰p-Xp-e-®-Xv. Cu I®-h-S-Øn¬ _n.-sP.-]n.
t\Xmhv Acp¨jq-cn-bpsS ]¶v A\n-tj-[y-am-Wv) . Cu Iº\n Xs∂-bmWv NØo-kvK-Vnse BZn-
hmkn taJ-e-bn¬ t_mIvssk‰v J\\w sNøp-∂-Xn\v th≠n amthm-bn-Ãp-I-sf-∂-t]-cn¬ k¿°m-
cn-t\m-sSm∏w tN¿∂v BZn-hm-kn-Isf sIms∂m-Sp-°p-∂-Xv. 2003 ¬ e£-I-W-°n\v cq]-bpsS \nIpXn
sh´n-∏p-ambn _‘-s∏´v Db¿∂ph∂ tIkn¬ CtX Iº-\n°v th≠n lmP-cm-bXv Ah-cp-tS-Xs∂
Ub-d-IvS¿ t_m¿Uw-K-am-bn-cp∂ NnZw-_-c-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ct∏mƒ B`y-¥-c-a-{¥n-bmbn XpS-cp∂ ]n.-
kn. NnZw-_cw Øs∂-bmWv Xs‚ ]gb Iº-\n-°p-th≠n NØo-kvK-Vnse Iq´-sIm-e°v t\XrXzw
sImSp-°p-∂-sX∂v a\-kn-em-°p-tºm-gmWv, kzImcy aqe-[-\hpw s]mXp-ta-J-ebpw C¥y≥ `c-W-
h¿§-ßfpw XΩn-ep≈ Ahn-ip-≤a - mb Iq´p-s°´v ad-\o°n ]pd-Øp-hc - p-∂Xv ImWm-\m-Ip-I. Aßs\
kzImcy aqe-[-\-Øn\v hf¿∂p hnI-kn-°m-\p≈ ASn-ÿm\ kuI-cy-߃ s]mXp -J-P-\m-hn¬
\n∂v Nne-h-gn-®p-sIm≠v cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bpw, ]n∂oSv Cu ÿm]-\-ß-tf-bpw, kuI-cy-ß-tfbpw
kzImcy aqe-[-\-i-‡n-Iƒ°v Xs∂ ssIamdpIbpw sNøp∂ amPn-°mWv C¥y-bpƒ∏-sS-bp≈ F√m-
cmPy-ß-fnepw \S-°p-∂-Xv.

A\p-_‘w aq∂m¿ tamU¬

Ign™
tIc-f-ap-Jy-a-{¥nbpw kn.-]n.-sF. Fw t\Xmhp-amb hn.-F-kv. A®p-Xm-\-μ≥ apgp-h≥ `qc-ln-X¿°pw
`an hnX-cWw sNømsX C\n sXc-™-Sp-∏ns\ t\cn-Sn-s√∂v {]Jym-]n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. ap≥Im-e-ßsf
Hm¿Ωn-®p-sIm≠v At±-l-Øns‚ hm°p-Isf Imcy-ambn Bfp-Iƒ FSp-°p-∂n-s√-¶nepw At±-l-
Øns‚ aq∂m¿ ZuXy-Øn\v e`n® P\-kΩ-Xnbpw ]≤-Xn°v ]n∂nse lnU≥ AP-≠-bp-sams°
`q_m¶v ]≤-Xn-bpsS kml-N-cy-Øn¬ H∂p-IqSn hni-I-e\w sNøp-∂Xv CØcw ]≤-Xn-Iƒ Bsc-
bmWv klm-bn-°p-∂-sX∂v a\-kn-em-°m≥ klm-bn-°pw.
tIc-fØ- nse tXm´w taJ-eb - n¬ e£-IW- °
- n\v slIvS¿ `qan \n›-bn-®]- m-´X
- p-I t- ]mepw \¬ImsX
ssIh-iw-sh®v A\p-`hn-°p∂ Sm‰, lmcn-k¨ t]mep≈ IpØ-I-Isf \nb-a-Øns‚ _e-Øn¬
kwc-£n-°p-I-bpw, `qan-bpsS ]p\¿hn-X-c-W-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ \ni-_vZX ]pe¿Øp-Ibpw k¿°m-
cns‚ A\ym-[o-\-s∏-´p-t]mb (cm-jv{Sob {]ÿm-\-ßfpw DtZym-K-ÿ-ta-[m-hn-Ifpw Agn-a-Xn-bn-eqsS
]¶vsh®v sImSp-Ø) `qan Xncn-®p-]n-Sn-°p-∂Xv hnπ-hm-fl-I-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏´-Xn-t‚bpw ]n∂n¬
Nne Hfn-∏n-°-s∏´ hkvXp-X-I-fp-≠v. (A-\ym-[o-\-s∏-´p-t]mb `qan BZn-hmkn Xncn-®p-]n-Sn-°m≥ {ian-
®-t∏mƒ apØ-ß-bn¬ k¿°m¿ A\p-h¿Øn® \bw tIc-fo-b¿ I≠-Xm-Wv.) AXn¬ {]Y-ahpw
{][m-\-hp-am-bXv k¿°m-cns‚ kmº-ØnI\bw Xs∂-bm-Wv. temI-sØ-ºmSpw A¥m-cmjv{S aqe-
[-\-i-‡n-Iƒ aq∂mw temI-cm-Py-߃°vth≠n apt∂m´v sh°p∂ hnI-k-\-\-b-ß-fn¬ H∂v kpÿn-
c-amb Sqdnkw hnIk\amWv(Sustainable Tourism Development). XI¿∂-tXm, XI¿ØtXm Bb
Dev]m-Z-\-ta-J-e-Iƒ°v ]Icw C\n Sqdnkw am{X-ta-bp-≈q-sh-∂mWv km{am-PyØ GP≥kn-Iƒ {]N-
cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. \√ amt\-Pvsa‚n\v Iogn¬ {]h¿Øn-°p∂ Ct°m Sqdnkw {]mtZ-ioI P\-hn-`m-K-
߃°pw {]Ir-Xn°pw t\´-߃ {]Zm\w sNø-s∏-Sp-sa-∂mWv Ah¿ {]N-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. CXns‚
`mK-am-bm-Wv 90˛I-fn¬ BtKm-f-ambn Nn¥n-°p-I, {]mtZ-in-I-ambn {]h¿Øn-°pI (Think Globaly
Act Localy) F∂ ap{Zm-hmIyw Db¿∂ph∂-Xv. sshtZ-inIhpw B`y-¥-c-hp-amb IS-߃sIm≠v
{]tXy-In®v IMFs‚bpw temI-_m-¶n-s‚bpw IS-߃ sIm≠v XI¿∂p-t]m-Ip∂ hnI-kz-cc - m-Py-߃°v
6
Ata-cn-°≥ GP≥kn-Ifpw thƒUv {Smh¬ B‚ v Sqdnkw Iu¨kn¬ (WTTC) t]mep≈ _nkn-
\ v ÿm]-\-߃ apt∂m´v sh°p∂ hnI-k\ a{¥-amWv Sqdnkw hyh-km-bw. Im¿jnI {][m-\-cm-
Py-amb C¥y-bn-epw, {]tXy- I n®v tIc- f - Ø nepw hnI- k \w C\n sF.Sn (Information
Technology)˛bneq-sSbpw Sqdnkw hnI-k-\-Øn-eq-sSbpw am{Xta km≤y-amhq F∂v {]N-cn-∏n-®p-Xp-S-
ßn-bn´v Ime-ta-sd-bm-bn. CXp-X-s∂-bmWv tIc-f-Ønse he-Xp-]-£-hpw, CS-Xp-]-£hpw, kn.-]n.-
sF.FΩpw, tXmakv sFk-°pw, sImSn-tbcn _me-Ir-jvW\pw A®p-Xm-\-μ-\pw Hs° ]d-bp-∂-Xv.
C¥ym Kh¨sa‚pw tIc-f-kw-ÿm-\hpw BtKm-f-h¬°-c-W-Øn-s\m∏w Sqdnkw hnI-k-\-Øn\v
{]tXyI Du∂¬ \¬Ip-Ibpw hnt\m-Z-k-©mc hIp-∏p-Iƒ cq]o-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-≠v. tIc-f-
Øn¬ AXn\v {]tXy-I-h-Ip∏pw a{¥n-bmbn sImSn-tbcn _me-Ir-jvW-\p-ap-≠v. Ign™ h¿j-ß-
fnse \nb-a-k-`-I-fn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-´n-´p≈ _P-‰p-I-fn¬ sFSn°pw Sqdnkw taJ-e°pw aqe-
[\w apS-t°-≠-Xn\v Bh-iy-amb \b-߃ cq]-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xn-s‚bpw, Bh-iy-amb ]›m-Ø-e-
ku-I-cy-߃ Hcp-°p-∂-Xn\pw Du∂¬ \¬Ip-Ibpw AXn-th≠n XpI hI-bn-cp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXn-
´p-≠v. CXns‚ `mK-ambmWv tIc-f-Ønse SqdnÃv {]tZ-i-ßsf {]tXyI kmº-Øn-I-ta-J-e-I-fn¬
Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp∂ {]tXyI SqdnÃv taJ-e-I-fm-°n-s°m≠v (STZ) tIcf Kh¨sa‚ v 2005 ¬ Hm¿Un-
\≥kv Cd-°p-∂-Xv. Cu taJ-e-I-fnse ]›m-Øe kuIcyw h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v th≠n-bmWv A®p-
Xm-\-μ\pw CS-Xp-]-£hpw aq∂m-dn-epw, a‰p {]tZ-i-ß-fnepw \S-Ønb Hgn-∏n-°¬ \mS-I-ß-sf∂vv
\nco-£n-°mw. 2005 P\p-hcn 11\v {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®-Xpw, Kk‰v t\m´n-^n-t°-j≥ \º¿ 500/LEG. A1/
2005/Law Section 5(1)(i) tIcf Sqdnkw Hm¿Un-\≥kv {]Imcw tIcf kwÿm\ Sqdnkw Un∏m¿´vsa‚ v
aq∂m¿, tImh-fw, Ipa-c-Iw, t^m¿´vsIm®n {]tZ-i-ßsf kvs]jy¬ Sqdnkw tkmWp-I-fmbn (STZ)
{]Jym-]n-®n-´p-≈-Xm-Wv. AXp-{]-Imcw aq∂m-dnse Im¥-√q¿, h´-hm-S, Nn∂-°-\m¬, ad-bq¿, ]≈n-
hm-k¬ XpS-ßnb ]©m-b-Øp-I-fn¬s]´ 50 NXp-c{i Intem-ao-‰¿ Np‰-f-hn-ep≈ `qan kwc-£n-X
{]tZ-i-ambpw Ahn-S-ß-fnse \n¿ΩmW hnI-k\ {]h¿Ø-\-߃ k¿°m-cns‚ I¿i-\-amb \nb-
{¥-W-߃°v hnt[-b-am-°-s∏-´n-´p-≈-Xp-am-Wv. am{X-a√ Cu {]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ kpJ-Nn-In-’°v th≠n-
bp≈ Bbp¿tΔZ akmPv sk‚-dp-Ifpw tlm´¬ kap-®-b-ß-fp-sa√mw \n¿Ωn-°p-∂-Xn\v Bh-iy-
amb At]-£Iƒ tIcf Sqdnkw hIp-∏ns‚ sh_vssk-‰n¬ £\n-®n-cp-∂-Xp-amWvv. AXm-bXv 2005˛¬
Ct∏m-gsØ {]Xn-]-£-t\-Xmhv DΩ≥Nm-≠n-bp-sSbpw hnt\m-Z-k-©m-c-h-Ip-∏p-a{¥n sI.-kn. thWp-
tKm-]m-en-s‚bpw t\Xr-Xz-Øn-ep≈ sFIy-P-\m-[n-]-Xy-ap-∂Wn Kh¨sa‚ v \S-∏n-em-°nb Sqdnkw
hnI-k-\-Øns‚ c≠mw L´-amWv hnπ-h-Im-cnbpw IΩyq-Wn-Ãp-Im-c-\p-amb A®p-Xm-\-μ≥ aq∂m-
dnepw a‰p {]tZ-i-ß-fnepw XpS-ßn-sh-®-sX∂v hy‡w. CXp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂-bmWv DΩ≥Nm-≠n-bpw,
tIm¨{K- p-sa√mw A®p-Xm-\-μ\v ]n∂n¬ AWn-\n-c-∂-sX∂v a\- n-em-°m-hp-∂-tX-bp-≈q. thƒUv
{Smh¬ B≥Uv Sqdnkw Iu¨kn¬ ASp-Ø-bnsS Ah-X-cn-∏n® ant√-\nbw hnj≥ Hm¨ {Smh¬
B≥Uv Sqdn-k-Øn¬ aq∂mw-tem-I-cm-jv{S-߃°p≈ \n¿t±-i-߃ t\m°p-I. 1. cmPy-Øns‚ X{¥-
]-c-amb kmº-Øn-I-hn-I-k-\-Øn-\pw, sXmgn¬ km≤y-X-°p-ap≈ taJ-e-bmbn Sqdn-ksØ AwKo-I-
cn-°pI 2. a’-cm-[n-jvTnX Itºm-fsØ Xpd-∂n-Sp-I-bpw, thyma-K-Xm-K-X-sØ kzX-{¥-am-°p-I-bpw,
sSen-I-Ωyq-Wn-t°-j≥ taJ-e-I-fnse \nb-{¥-W-߃ C√m-Xm-°p-Ibpw AXp-hgn Km´ns‚ \n_-
‘-\-Iƒ \S-∏n-em-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I. 3. Sqdnkw hf¿®-tbbpw hnI-k-\-tØbpw XS-bp∂ F√m-
{]Xn-_‘ßfpw C√m-Xm-°p-I. (Fb¿t]m¿´v I∏m-kn‰n h¿≤n-∏n-°p-I. Fb¿t]m¿´p-Iƒ, tdmUp-
Iƒ, SqdnÃv kuI-cy-߃ F∂nh \n¿Ωn-°p-Ibpw B[p-\n-I-h¬°-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I). Npcp-°-
Øn¬ cmPym-¥-c-Ip-Ø-I-Iƒ°v A\n-b-{¥n-X-ambn tabm\pw XSn-®p-sIm-gp-°m-\p-ambn cmPysØ
ASn-ÿm-\-ku-I-cy-ß-fnepw \nb-a-ß-fnepw kao-]-\-ß-fnepw am‰w hcp-Ø-W-sa-∂mWv WTTC Bh-
iy-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. _mt¶m-°nse Sqdnkw A\m-enÃv CwØymkv aIv_n¬ ]d-bp-∂-Xp-t]mse tlm´¬
cwK-Øpw, Sq¿ Hm∏-td-‰nwKv cwKØpw kzX-{¥ambn {]h¿Øn-®n-cp∂ sNdpXpw CS-Ø-c-hp-amb Bbn-
c-°-W-°n\v ÿm]-\-ß-fpsS \mi-tØbpw hntZi hn\n-a-b-aq-ey-Øns‚ h≥tXm-Xn-ep≈ tNm¿®-
tbbpw aq∂mw temI-cm-Py-߃ A n-ap-Jo-I-cn-t°-≠nh-cpw. CØ-c-Øn¬ \ΩpsS cmPy-Øns‚
kºZv hyh-ÿ-bpsS XI¿®sb Xo{h-am-°p-∂Xpw BtKm-f-aq-e-[-\-Øns‚ Xm¬]-cy-ßsf kwc-
£n-°p-∂-Xp-amb \S-]-Sn-I-fmWv Sqdn-k-Øns‚ ad-hn¬ tIc-f-k¿°m¿ \S-∏n-em-°n-bXpw \S-∏n-em-
°p-∂-Xpw. kvs]jy¬ Sqdnkw taJe t]cv hy‡-am-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse {]tXyI kmº-Øn-I-ta-Je
Xs∂-bm-Wv. {]tXyI kmº-Øn-It- a-Je - b
- n¬ e`n-°p∂ F√m B\p-Iq-ey-ßfpw kwcw-`I
- ¿°v ChnsS
e`n-°pw. aq∂m¿ tImh-fw, Ipa-c-Iw, t^m¿´vsIm®n t]mep≈ kvs]jy¬ Sqdnkw taJ-e-I-fn¬
Bbp¿thZ dntkm¿´p-Iƒ \n¿Ωn-°p-∂-h¿°v tlm´¬ hyh-kmbw XpS-ßp-∂-h¿°pw apS-°p-ap-X-

7
ens‚ 10% k_vkn-Un-bmbn k¿°m¿ Xs∂ \¬Ip-∂p≠v. sshZypXn, sh≈w t]mep-≈Xv Ah-iy-
D-]m-[n-Iƒ kuP-\y-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-°phm≥ A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂-Xn\pw [mcWbp≠v. am{X-a√ Cu taJ-
e-I-fn¬ apX¬ apS-°p-∂-h¿ sk≥{S¬ SmIvkn¬ \n∂pw BUw-_-c-\n-Ip-Xn-bn¬ \n∂pw ]cn-]q¿Æ
kzX-{¥-cm-Wv. GI-Pm-eI ¢nb-d≥kv kwhn-[m-\-sam-cp-°p-I, 10 h¿j-tØ°v \nIpXn Hgn-hm-°n-
s°m-Sp-°p-I. Hmtcm Sqdnk taJ-e-bnepw Ipd-™Xv 3000 tlm´¬ dqap-Iƒ \n¿Ωn-°p-I. Cd-°p-aXn
Np¶w Hgn-hm-°p-I, BUw-_-c-\n-Ip-Xn, hm‰v F∂nh Hgn-hm-°p-sIm-Sp-°p-I, A¥m-cmjv{S Sqdn-Ãp-
Iƒ°v Bh-iy-amb ]›m-Øe kuIcyw Hcp-°p-I. F∂n-ß-s\-bp≈ kuP-\y-߃ IqSn tI{μ
Sqdnkw a{¥m-ebw apt∂m-´v sh®n-´p≠v, tI{μ Sqdnkw IΩ‰n sNb¿am-\mbncp∂ kn.-]n.-Fw. t\Xmhv
koXmdmw sb®qcn CXns\ kw_-‘n®v Nne hni-Zo-I-c-W-߃ Bh-iy-s∏-´p-sIm≠v tI{μ Sqdnkw
a{¥n°v IsØ-gp-Xn-bn-cp-∂p. CXn¬ tIc-f-sØ-t]mse Sqdnkw {][m\ hcp-am\ t{kmX- mb
kwÿm-\-ß-fn¬ CØcw Cf-hp-Iƒ kwÿm-\-ß-fpsS kmº-ØnI \nesb XI¿°p-sa∂v sb®qcn
Nq≠n-°m-´n. F∂m¬ CØcw B\p-Iq-ey-߃ kzImcy kwcw`-Isc C¥y-bn-te-°m-I¿jn-°p-sa∂pw
AXv ]›m-Øe - k
- u-Ic
- y-ßf
- psS hnI-k\
- Ø
- n\pw Db¿∂ tXmXn-ep≈ kmº-ØnI hn\n-ab - ß
- ƒ°pw
Imc-W-am-Ip-sa-∂pamWv tI{μw hmZn-®-Xv. CØcw \b-ß-fpsS cmjv{Sob ]cn-t{]£yw Db¿Øn-
s°m-≠p-h-tc≠ _m[yX kn.-]n.-Fw. Isøm-gn-™-Xns‚ `mK-am-bmWv SEZ˛Ifpw STZ˛Ifpw \S-∏n-
em-°p-∂-Xn\v Ah¿ ap∂n-´n-d-ßp-∂-Xv. CXns‚ hni-Zmw-i-߃ knXdmw sb®pcn sNb¿am-\m-bp≈
C¥y≥ ]m¿e-sa‚dn Ãm‚nwMv IΩn‰n Hm¨ {Sm≥kvt]m¿´v, Sqdn-kw, B‚ v Iƒ®¿ 2005˛2006
dnt∏m¿´n-ep-≠v. BtKm-f-h¬°-c-W-Øns‚ `mK-am-b ]cn-jvI-cW \S-]-Sn-I-fpsS \S-Øn-∏m-Wv Sqdn-
kw -h¬°-cWØneqsS \S-∏n-em-°p-∂-Xv. A¥m-cmjv{S tlm´¬ hyh-kmb IpØ-I-I-fpsS A\n-
b-{¥n-X-amb IS-∂p-I-b-‰-Øn\pw, skIvkv Sqdn-k-Øn\pw Imc-W-am-Ip∂ CØcw \b-߃ AXn-\n-
Kq-V-ambn `c-W-IqSw \S-∏n-em-°p-tºmƒ Gsd ]ptcm-K-a-\-]-c-sa∂v hnti-jn-∏n®v X∑-b-Ø-tØmsS
\S-∏n-em-°m-\p≈ AWn-bd X{¥w tIc-f-Øn¬ C∂v Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wv. BtKm-f-aq-e-[\
i‡n-Iƒ°v tIc-f-Øns‚ ae-s©-cp-hp-Isfbpw Xoc-{]-tZ-i-ß-tfbpw hn‰p-Im-im-°m-\p≈ k¿°m¿
KqVm-tem-N\ Hgn-∏n-°¬ amam-¶-Øns‚ ad-hnepw P\-ß-fpsS kΩ-X-Øns‚ Nne-hnepw ÿm]n-°-
s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wv.