( CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 1 )

NAME : SITI NOREZAN BT. SAMSUDDIN

CLASS : 4 BESTARI
YEAR : 2010
CHEMISTRY AND ITS IMPORTANCE

What is chemistry ?
The word ‘chemistry’ comes from the earlier
study alchemy, which is an art of transforming
common metals such as lead into precious metals,
such as gold and silver. Although no one ever
succeded in doing so, substance like mercury,
sulphur, antimony and phosphorus, and processes
like purification and distillation were discovered.
Anyway, chemistry is defined as the study of the
composition, structure, properties, and
interactions of matter.
 Common chemicals used in daily life

Matter is anything that occupies space and has

mass. All matter is considered as chemical.

Common chemicals Uses of common chemicals

Baking powder(sodium bicarbonate) Raises the dough for bread making

Lime (calcium oxide) Reduces the acidity of soil

Marbles tiles(calcium carbonate) Flooring in our house

Nail varnish removal(propanone) Removes nail varnish

PVC(Polyvinly chloride) Pipe, electrical insulators

Soap(sodium stearate) Soap used in bathing

Table salt(sodium chloride) Gives salty taste

Preserves food
Vinegar(dilute ethanoic acid)
*Example of some common chemicals and their uses

Careers that use chemistry

Many professions require the knowledge

chemistry. Chemist is among the careers that
relies 100% on chemistry knowledge. Chemist
do analysis works in laboratories and carry out
researches to produce new materials to improve
our quality of life.

Field Career Scope of job

Agriculture Aquaculturist >Study the ways of

growing aquatic organism
Horticulturist >Study or practice the ways
of growing fruits, flowers
and vegetables.
Medicinal Doctor >Treat people who are ill
and injured
Pharmacist >Prescribe medicines in a
shop or hospital or create
new drugs to cure diseases
 Veterinarian >Treat animals which are
ill or injured
Industry Nutritionist >Study the nutritional
value of food
Food technologist >Study the correct mixture
of flavours, antioxidants,
colourings, stabilizers,
thickners and preservatives
Biotechnologist >Study the use of living
cells and bacteria in
industrial and scientific
process
Education Lecturer >Teach chemistry related
topics in universities,
colleges and matriculation
Teacher >Teach chemistry in school

Geologist >Study the chemical

elements present in the
earth samples
Hazardous materials expert >Have information on
thousands of types of
chemicals and how they
react with people, fire and
air
>Help the fire fighters to
evacuate people, tell them
how to contain the
unidentified chemicals
*Example of careers and their scope of jobs
Chemical-based industries in Malaysia and their
contribution

Malaysia has great number of chemical-based industries.

Petroleum, natural gas, rubber and oil palm are among the
important industries in Malaysia.

Chemical-based industries Product

Petroleum Liquefied natural gas, gasoline,
kerosene, bitumen
Rubber Rubber glove, footwear, tyre,
condom
Palm oil Margarine, cooking oil, raw
material for manufacturing soap,
detergent, cosmetic and lubricant
Petrochemical Plastic, raincoat, pail, and other
plastic ware
Inorganic chemical Chlorine, caustic soda, bleaching
agent
Paint Paint, varnish, dye
Agricultural chemical and fertiliser Fertiliser, pesticide
Soap and detergent Soap, detergent
Cosmetic Cosmetic
Pharmaceutical Drugs used in medicine

Chemical-based industries are very important in

 Producing new materials to improve our quality of

life.

 Providing job opportunities.

 Earning foreign exchange at which it contributes to the

economy of the country.
 Scientific method

The scientific method involves the following steps :

Making an observation

Gather information of a phenomenon using five senses

Making an inference

Make a tentative explanation or smart guess based on

the observation

Identifying the problem

Formulate a question based on the inference

Making a hypothesis

Make a general statement to related a manipulated variable

and a responding variable to answer
Identifying thethe question
variables
Identifying

 Manipulated variable: a factor which is purposely changed during the experiment

 Responding variable: a factor that responds to the change of manipulated variable
 Constant variable: factors which are kept same throughout the experiment
 Controlling the variables

Decided how to change the manipulated variable, how to measure the

responding variable and way to keep the constant variable

Planning an experiment

Determine the apparatus and materials used, produce of

experiment and ways to collect, analyse and interpret data

Collecting data

Record the results accurately

Interpreting data

Analyse the results and present them in the form of table, graph or calculation

A new hypothesis is
Hypothesis that is Making a conclusion construct if the
accepted well hypothesis is
become a theory Draw a general statement about the rejected
outcome of the experiment

Writing a report

Write a report that enables the scientist to

communicate with other scientist
Scientific Attitudes and Noble Values

 The success of science has more to do with common

to scientists than with a particular method.

 A good scientist needs to have an enquiring mind, and

should question everything he or she is told.

 When carrying out an experiment, a scientist should

have the interest, curiosity, objectivity, flexibility,
openness and creativity.

 A scientist should be honest in recording observations

and measurements without altering the results.
 Only with positive attitudes then you will be able to
appreciate the chemistry knowledge.