PHILIPPINE ASSOCIATION OF SCHOOLS OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY AND PUBLIC HEALTH

Prototype Course Syllabus

Course Title: General Pathology, Histopathologic and Cytologic Techniques

Course Description:

The course is divided into three. The first part deals with the study of the basic disease process, correlating the etiology of disease with the course of development of anatomic
and clinical changes brought about by the disease. The second part is the study of the histologic techniques essential in the production of histologic slides for the diagnosis of diseases
including special staining procedures and other related techniques. The third part is the study and identification of cells in the diagnosis of diseases using cytologic techniques.

Course Credit: 3 units (2 units lecture, 1 unit laboratory)

Contact Hours: 2 hours lecture, 3 hours laboratory per week (36 hours lecture and 54 hours laboratory per semester)

Prerequisites: Cytogenetics, Histology

st
Placement: Fourth Year, 1 Semester

Terminal Competencies: At the end of this course, the student is able to:
1. acquire the basic concepts of disease formation.
2. explain the physiologic changes brought about by various disease processes.
3. discuss the principles and procedures in cell and tissue preparation and processing
4. develop the necessary skills required in the preparation of slides for microscopic examinations.
5. apply the concepts of quality assurance program in histopathologic laboratory.
6. discuss the principles and procedures in autopsy and biopsy
7. acquire basic concepts and skills in exfoliative cytology
8. manifest the medical technologist’s personal, social and professional responsibilities in helping restore or maintain the health of men with high moral and ethical standards.

References:
1. Allen D. and R.I. Cameron. Histopathology Specimens: Clinical, Pathological and Laboratory Aspects. USA: Springer, 2004.
nd
2. Cibas E. and B. Ducatman. Cytology: Diagnostic Principles and Correlates 2 ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co., 2003.
3. Curran R.C. and Crocker J. Curran’s Atlas of Histopathology, New York: Oxford University Press Inc., 2000.
4. Demay Richard M. The Pap Test: Exfoliative Gynecologic Cytology. Chicago: ASCP Press, 2005.

PASMETH, Inc.
Copyright © 2008
All Rights Reserved.
 5. Demay, Richard M. Practical Principles of Cytopathology Revised. Chicago: ASCP Press, 2007.
nd
6. Gregorios-Bruce, Jocelyn. Histopathologic Techniques 2 ed. Quezon City: JMC Press, 2006.
th
7. Koss L. and M. Melamed. Koss’ Diagnostic Cytology and its Histopathologic Bases 5 ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2005.
th
8. Kumar V., N. Fausto and A. Abbas. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease 7 ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co., 2004.
th
9. Kumar V., N. Fausto, A. Abbas and R. Mitchell. Robbins Basic Pathology 8 ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co., 2004.
rd
10. Ludwig, Jurgen. Handbook of Autopsy Practice 3 ed. USA: Humana Press, 2002.
nd
11. McClatchey, Kenneth. Clinical Laboratory Medicine 2 ed. USA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2002.
st
12. Mcpherson, Richard A. and Matthew R. Pincus. Henry’s Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods 21 ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Inc., 2007.
nd
13. Ramzy, Ibrahim. Clinical Cytopathology and Aspiration Biopsy 2 ed. USA: Mc-Graw Hill Professional, 2000.
th
14. Rubin R. and D. Strayer. Rubin’s Pathology: Clinicopathologic Basis of Medicine 5 ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2007.
rd
15. Rutty, Guy N. Essentials of Autopsy Practice: Current Methods and Modern Trends 3 ed. USA: Springer, 2005.
nd
16. Solomon, Diane and Ritu Nayar. The Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical Pathology: Definitions, Criteria and Explanatory Notes 2 ed. USA: Springer, 2005.
17. Stevens A, J. Lowe and B. Young. Wheater’s Basic Histopathology: A Color Atlas and Text. USA: Churchill Livingstone, 2002.
18. Tadrous, P.J. Diagnostic Criteria Handbook in Histopathology. USA: John Wiley and Sons, 2008.

Electronic References:
1. http://pathweb.uchc.edu/
2. http://www.cytopathnet.org/tiki-index.php
3. http://www.immunoportal.com/
4. http://www-medlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/general.html
5. http://www-medlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/HISTHTML/HISTOTCH/HISTOTCH.html

PASMETH, Inc.
Copyright © 2008
All Rights Reserved.
 Learning Objectives / T.A. Teaching Strategies Skills Values Evaluation/Assessment
Intermediate Competencies Content
Lecture Laboratory
At the end of this unit, the student is Part I – General Pathology 2 Large Group Communication Honesty Written exam
able to: hrs Discussion skills Commitment Oral examination
1. Discuss the normal histology. I. Introduction Responsibility Performance checklist
2. Describe normal structure of cells 1. Review of Normal Histology Case analysis Problem- solving Accountability
and tissues. 2. Definitions skills Adherence to
3. Define different terms associated 3. Branches of pathology Assignments rules
with pathology. 4. Diseases Technical skills Cooperation
4. Explain the pathophysiology of 5. Etiology Teamwork
disease process. 6. Pathogenesis Laboratory Concern for
7. Morphologic changes and functional Safety others and the
5. Define the division and scope of
derangements environment
pathology.
8. Clinical Significance Identification Prudence in the
6. Enumerate the biologic causes of skills use of reagents
disease.
& materials
7. Differentiate between the
structure of normal and
abnormal cells and tissues.
At the end of this unit, the student is II. Cellular Injury and Cell Death 3 Large Group Communication Honesty Written exam
able to: 1. Normal homeostasis hrs Discussion skills Commitment Oral examination
1. Differentiate the different types of 2. Reversible cell injury Responsibility Performance checklist
death. 3. Irreversible cell injury Case analysis Problem- solving Accountability
2. Enumerate the different somatic 4. Cell death skills Adherence to
changes. 5. Apoptosis Assignments rules
3. Identify microscopic tissue 6. Necrosis Technical skills Cooperation
findings in necrosis. Teamwork
4. Explain the mechanism of the Laboratory Concern for
changes in somatic change Safety others and the
5. Discuss the alterations involved in environment
specific organ/s after an injury. Identification Prudence in the
6. Explain the pathophysiology of skills use of reagents
the disease process. & materials
7. Identify the microscopic changes
in the disease process.
At the end of this unit, the student is III. Cellular Adaptation 3 Large Group Communication Honesty Written exam
able to: 1. Terms hrs Discussion skills Commitment Oral examination
1. Differentiate the type of cell 1.1. Atrophy Responsibility Performance checklist
adaptation due to sudden 1.2. hypertrophy Case analysis Problem- solving Accountability
changes in the internal milieu. 1.3. Hyperplasia skills Adherence to
2. Identify which are reversible, 1.4. Metaplasia Assignments rules
irreversible and precancerous 2. Definition, types, etiologies of different cell Technical skills Cooperation
lesions. adaptation Teamwork
3. Explain the pathophysiology of 3. Degeneration, pigmentation, pathologic Laboratory Concern for
different adaptation. accumulation of chemicals Safety others and the
3.1. Etiology environment

PASMETH, Inc.
Copyright © 2008
All Rights Reserved.
4. Explain the mechanisms involved 3.2. Types Identification Prudence in the
in degeneration, pigmentation 3.3. Pathophysiology skills use of reagents
and hyperbilirubinemia. 4. Pathologic calcification & materials
5. Identify microscopic changes in
the degenerative process of the
disease.
At the end of this unit, the student is IV. Inflammation and Repair 2 Large Group Communication Honesty Written exam
able to: 1. Definition hrs Discussion skills Commitment Oral examination
1. Explain terms related to 2. Etiology Responsibility Performance checklist
inflammation and repair. 3. Cardinal signs Case analysis Problem- solving Accountability
2. Discuss the importance of body 4. Classification skills Adherence to
response to inflammation. 5. Mechanisms of acute and chronic Assignments rules
3. Identify the clinical manifestations inflammation Technical skills Cooperation
in the presence of inflammation. 6. Cells of inflammatory response Teamwork
4. Identify the causes of 7. Tissue healing and repair Laboratory Concern for
inflammation and its preventive Safety others and the
measures and possible environment
management. Identification Prudence in the
skills use of reagents
& materials
At the end of this unit, the student is V. Etiology of Diseases 12 Large Group Communication Honesty Written exam
able to: 1. Genetic Diseases hrs Discussion skills Commitment Oral examination
1. Classify diseases according to 1.1. Definition Responsibility Performance checklist
etiology 1.2. Classification Case analysis Problem- solving Accountability
2. Identify the distinctive features of 2. Hemodynamic Disorders skills Adherence to
the commonly encountered 2.1. Definition Assignments rules
diseases 2.2. Pathogenesis Technical skills Cooperation
3. Correlate the laboratory findings 2.3. Classification Teamwork
with the etiology of disease 3. Nutritional Diseases Laboratory Concern for
4. Explain pathognomonic findings in 3.1. Definition Safety others and the
each disease. 3.2. Pathogenesis environment
5. Explain the pathologic events that 3.3. Classification Identification Prudence in the
take place during the disease 4. Metabolic Diseases skills use of reagents
process. 4.1. Definition & materials
4.2. Pathogenesis
4.3. Causes
5. Neoplasia
5.1. Definition
5.2. Pathogenesis
5.3. Classification
5.4. Causes
6. Infectious Diseases
6.1. Definition
6.2. Pathogenesis
6.3. Classification
6.4. Causes
7. Diseases caused environmental, chemical

PASMETH, Inc.
Copyright © 2008
All Rights Reserved.
 and physical injuries
7.1. Definition
7.2. Pathogenesis
7.3. Classification
At the end of this unit, the student is Part II – Histopathologic Techniques 2 Large Group Demonstration Communication Honesty Written exam
able to: hrs Discussion skills Commitment Oral examination
1. Discuss advantages and I. Introduction to Tissue Processing Performance Responsibility Performance checklist
disadvantages between fresh 1. Overview Case analysis of Tests Problem- solving Accountability Practical examination
tissue examination and that of the 2. Methods of tissue examination skills Adherence to Return demonstration
preserved tissue examination. 2.1. Fresh tissue Assignments Output rules
2. Perform different methods of fresh 2.2. Preserved tissue Presentation Technical skills Cooperation
tissue examination. 3. Receiving, custody and identification of Teamwork
3. Select which method of tissue tissues Laboratory Concern for
examination be performed per 4. Grossing and section cutting Safety others and the
specific sample tissue. environment
4. Explain the mechanism of tissue Identification Prudence in the
preservatives. skills use of reagents
5. Explain the steps involved in & materials
tissue processing.
At the end of this unit, the student is II. Fixation 6 Large Group Demonstration Communication Honesty Written exam
able to: 1. Definitions hrs Discussion skills Commitment Oral examination
1. Identify which of the fixative will be 2. Characteristics of good fixatives Performance Responsibility Performance checklist
used for a given sample 3. Effects of fixation Case analysis of Tests Problem- solving Accountability Practical examination
specimen. 4. Methods of Fixation skills Adherence to Return demonstration
2. Explain the significance of using 4.1. Chemical Assignments Output rules
specific fixative for a specific 4.2. Heat Presentation Technical skills Cooperation
tissue specimen. 4.3. Vapor Teamwork
3. Discuss the importance of tissue 4.4. Microwave irradiation Laboratory Concern for
fixation immediately after 4.5. Ultrasound Safety others and the
removing it from human body. 4.6. Vacuum environment
4. Discuss the characteristics of 4.7. Others Identification Prudence in the
good fixative. 5. Types of Chemical fixatives skills use of reagents
5.1. Composition and preparation & materials
5.2. Advantages and Disadvantages
6. Factors affecting the rate of fixation
7. Secondary fixation and post-chromatization
At the end of this unit, the student is III. Decalcification 3 Large Group Demonstration Communication Honesty Written exam
able to: 1. Definition hrs Discussion skills Commitment Oral examination
1. Explain the basic concept of 2. Decalcifying agents Performance Responsibility Performance checklist
decalcification 2.1. Composition and preparation Case analysis of Tests Problem- solving Accountability Practical examination
2. Choose the best decalcifying 3. Methods of decalcification skills Adherence to Return demonstration
agent or method for decalcified 4. Factors affecting the process of Assignments Output rules
tissue. decalcification Presentation Technical skills Cooperation
3. Identify the factors that may affect 5. Ways of measuring the extent of Teamwork
the process of decalcification decalcification Laboratory Concern for
4. Perform the process of 6. Tissue softeners Safety others and the
decalcification environment

PASMETH, Inc.
Copyright © 2008
All Rights Reserved.
5. Discuss the other methods of Identification Prudence in the
tissue softening process. skills use of reagents
& materials
At the end of this unit, the student is IV. Dehydration 3 Large Group Demonstration Communication Honesty Written exam
able to: 1. Definition hrs Discussion skills Commitment Oral examination
1. Explain the significance of the 2. Characteristics Performance Responsibility Performance checklist
process of dehydration. 3. Methods of dehydration Case analysis of Tests Problem- solving Accountability Practical examination
2. Identify the toxic effects of some 4. Types of dehydrating agents skills Adherence to Return demonstration
dehydrating agents and how to 5. Advantages and disadvantages Assignments Output rules
prevent toxicity. Presentation Technical skills Cooperation
3. Choose the best dehydrating Teamwork
agent for given sample tissue. Laboratory Concern for
Safety others and the
environment
Identification Prudence in the
skills use of reagents
& materials
At the end of this unit, the student is V. Clearing/Dealcoholization 3 Large Group Demonstration Communication Honesty Written exam
able to: 1. Definition hrs Discussion skills Commitment Oral examination
1. Explain the significance of clearing 2. Characteristics Performance Responsibility Performance checklist
prior to impregnation. 3. Clearing agents Case analysis of Tests Problem- solving Accountability Practical examination
2. Identify the toxic effects of some 4. Composition and preparation skills Adherence to Return demonstration
clearing agents and how to 5. End-point of clearing Assignments Output rules
prevent toxicity. Presentation Technical skills Cooperation
3. Choose the best clearing agent for Teamwork
a given sample tissue. Laboratory Concern for
Safety others and the
environment
Identification Prudence in the
skills use of reagents
& materials
At the end of this unit, the student is VI. Impregnation/Infiltration 4 Large Group Demonstration Communication Honesty Written exam
able to: 1. Definition hrs Discussion skills Commitment Oral examination
1. Explain the importance of tissue 2. Types of impregnation Performance Responsibility Performance checklist
impregnation. 2.1. Paraffin wax impregnation Case analysis of Tests Problem- solving Accountability Practical examination
2. Perform the procedure of tissue 2.1.1. Factors affecting paraffin wax skills Adherence to Return demonstration
impregnation. impregnation Assignments Output rules
3. Discuss the importance of paraffin 2.1.2. Substitute Presentation Technical skills Cooperation
wax impregnation. 2.1.3. Precautions Teamwork
4. Identify other infiltrating media 2.1.4. Methods Laboratory Concern for
2.2. Other infiltrating media Safety others and the
2.2.1. Celloidin environment
2.2.2. Resin Identification Prudence in the
2.2.3. Gelatin skills use of reagents
2.2.4. Others & materials
At the end of this unit, the student is VII. Embedding, Casting, Blocking or Molding. 2 Large Group Demonstration Communication Honesty Written exam
able to: 1. Definition hrs Discussion skills Commitment Oral examination

PASMETH, Inc.
Copyright © 2008
All Rights Reserved.
1. Explain the advantages and 2. Types Performance Responsibility Performance checklist
disadvantages of each type of 3. Orientation Case analysis of Tests Problem- solving Accountability Practical examination
mold. 4. Trimming skills Adherence to Return demonstration
2. Explain the importance of molding Assignments Output rules
the sample tissue prior to Presentation Technical skills Cooperation
sectioning. Teamwork
3. Perform the procedure of Laboratory Concern for
embedding. Safety others and the
4. Explain the importance of environment
trimming the tissue prior to Identification Prudence in the
sectioning. skills use of reagents
& materials
At the end of this unit, the student is VIII. Microtome, Section Cutting and Adhesives 5 Large Group Demonstration Communication Honesty Written exam
able to: 1. Types hrs Discussion skills Commitment Oral examination
1. Identify different types of 2. Care Performance Responsibility Performance checklist
microtome. 3. Techniques Case analysis of Tests Problem- solving Accountability Practical examination
2. Discuss the use of each type of 4. Parts skills Adherence to Return demonstration
microtome. 4.1. Microtome knife Assignments Output rules
3. Explain the use of each microtome 5. Honing Presentation Technical skills Cooperation
knife. 5.1. Types of hones Teamwork
4. Discuss the importance of honing 6. Stropping Laboratory Concern for
and stropping. 7. Problems and resolutions encountered in Safety others and the
5. Implement measures to resolve Section Cutting environment
problems encountered during 8. Adhesives Identification Prudence in the
section cutting 8.1. Types skills use of reagents
6. Explain the significance of the use 8.2. Composition and preparation & materials
of adhesives
At the end of this unit, the student is IX. Staining 6 Large Group Demonstration Communication Honesty Written exam
able to: 1. Definition hrs Discussion skills Commitment Oral examination
1. Explain the ideal dye for a given 2. Types Performance Responsibility Performance checklist
sample specimen. 3. Composition and preparation Case analysis of Tests Problem- solving Accountability Practical examination
2. Perform the procedure of staining. 4. Methods skills Adherence to Return demonstration
3. Discuss the ideal special stain for 5. Immuno-stains Assignments Output rules
tissue 6. Special stains Presentation Technical skills Cooperation
4. Discuss the appropriate Teamwork
immunohistochemical and special Laboratory Concern for
stains for special conditions. Safety others and the
environment
Identification Prudence in the
skills use of reagents
& materials

At the end of this unit, the student is X. Mounting 2 Large Group Demonstration Communication Honesty Written exam
able to: 1. Types hrs Discussion skills Commitment Oral examination
1. Identify different types of mounting 1.1. Aqueous Performance Responsibility Performance checklist
media. 1.2. Resinous Case analysis of Tests Problem- solving Accountability Practical examination
2. Perform the proper procedure of 2. Composition and preparation skills Adherence to Return demonstration

PASMETH, Inc.
Copyright © 2008
All Rights Reserved.
 mounting the tissue. Assignments Output rules
Presentation Technical skills Cooperation
Teamwork
Laboratory Concern for
Safety others and the
environment
Identification Prudence in the
skills use of reagents
& materials
At the end of this unit, the student is XI. Labeling 2 Large Group Demonstration Communication Honesty Written exam
able to: 1. Techniques hrs Discussion skills Commitment Oral examination
1. Identify the different techniques of 2. Precautions Performance Responsibility Performance checklist
labeling. Case analysis of Tests Problem- solving Accountability Practical examination
2. Explain the precautions in skills Adherence to Return demonstration
labeling. Assignments Output rules
Presentation Technical skills Cooperation
Teamwork
Laboratory Concern for
Safety others and the
environment
Identification Prudence in the
skills use of reagents
& materials
At the end of this unit, the student is XII. Cell Blocking 3 Large Group Demonstration Communication Honesty Written exam
able to: 1. Definition hrs Discussion skills Commitment Oral examination
1. Identify the specimens suitable 2. Specimens Performance Responsibility Performance checklist
for cell blocking. 3. Fixation Case analysis of Tests Problem- solving Accountability Practical examination
2. Explain the method of fixation for 4. Procedures and techniques skills Adherence to Return demonstration
specimens used for cell blocking Assignments Output rules
3. Explain the various procedures Presentation Technical skills Cooperation
and techniques in cell blocking. Teamwork
Laboratory Concern for
Safety others and the
environment
Identification Prudence in the
skills use of reagents
& materials
At the end of this unit, the student is XIII. Automated Tissue Processing 2 Large Group Communication Honesty Written exam
able to: 1. Definition hrs Discussion skills Commitment Oral examination
1. Explain the various components 2. Types Responsibility Performance checklist
of the automated tissue 3. Advantages and Disadvantages Case analysis Problem- solving Accountability
processor. skills Adherence to
2. Differentiate the different types of Assignments rules
automated tissue processing Technical skills Cooperation
3. Explain the advantages and Teamwork
disadvantages of automated Laboratory Concern for
tissue processing. Safety others and the

PASMETH, Inc.
Copyright © 2008
All Rights Reserved.
 environment
Identification Prudence in the
skills use of reagents
& materials
At the end of this unit, the student is XIV. Rapid Processing Techniques 2 Large Group Demonstration Communication Honesty Written exam
able to: 1. Definition of terms hrs Discussion skills Commitment Oral examination
1. Explain the rapid processing 2. Advantages and disadvantages of frozen Performance Responsibility Performance checklist
techniques for tissue examination. sections Case analysis of Tests Problem- solving Accountability Practical examination
2. Discuss the methods of fixation 3. Fixation of tissues for frozen section. skills Adherence to Return demonstration
and processing of frozen sections. 4. Freezing microtome and types. Assignments Output rules
3. Explain the staining technique for 5. Staining of frozen sections Presentation Technical skills Cooperation
frozen sections Teamwork
4. Explain the significance rapid Laboratory Concern for
tissue processing in laboratory Safety others and the
diagnosis of diseases environment
Identification Prudence in the
skills use of reagents
& materials
At the end of this unit, the student is XV. Immunohistocytochemistry 3 Large Group Communication Honesty Written exam
able to: 1. Definition hrs Discussion skills Commitment Oral examination
1. Discuss the concepts of 2. Application Responsibility Performance checklist
Immunohistocytochemistry in the 3. Diagnostic interpretation Case analysis Problem- solving Accountability
histopathology laboratory. skills Adherence to
2. Explain the role of Assignments rules
Immunohistocytochemistry in the Technical skills Cooperation
laboratory diagnosis of diseases Teamwork
3. Apply appropriate techniques of Laboratory Concern for
Immunohistocytochemistry in the Safety others and the
diagnosis of various diseases. environment
Identification Prudence in the
skills use of reagents
& materials
At the end of this unit, the student is XVI. Biopsy 2 Large Group Communication Honesty Written exam
able to: 1. Excision hrs Discussion skills Commitment Oral examination
1. Explain the methods of collection 2. Incision Responsibility Performance checklist
and handling of surgical biopsy 3. Core-needle biopsy Case analysis Problem- solving Accountability
specimens. 4. Fine needle aspiration biopsy skills Adherence to
2. Enumerate and differentiate the 5. Processing Assignments rules
different types of biopsy Technical skills Cooperation
techniques Teamwork
Laboratory Concern for
Safety others and the
environment
Identification Prudence in the
skills use of reagents
& materials

PASMETH, Inc.
Copyright © 2008
All Rights Reserved.
At the end of this unit, the student is XVII. Post mortem examination/PME (Autopsy) 3 Large Group Viewing of Communication Honesty Written exam
able to: 1. Signs of somatic death (Post mortem hrs Discussion actual autopsy skills Commitment Oral examination
1. Discuss the purpose of autopsy changes) Responsibility Performance checklist
(PME) 1.1. Rigor mortis Case analysis Problem- solving Accountability
2. Discuss and differentiate the 1.2. Algor mortis skills Adherence to
techniques of performing autopsy. 1.3. Post mortem clotting of blood Assignments rules
(Virchow, Rokitansky, Ghon, 1.4. Discoloration of tissues Technical skills Cooperation
Letulle) 1.5. Putrefaction Teamwork
3. Enumerate the legal requirements 1.6. Desiccation Laboratory Concern for
and documents needed prior to 2. Purpose of PME Safety others and the
performance of PME whether 3. Techniques of PME environment
medical or medico-legal. 4. Requirements of PME Identification Prudence in the
4. Explain the mechanism of 5. Personnel involved in PME skills use of reagents
changes seen in somatic death 6. Medical autopsy vs. medico-legal autopsy & materials
(post mortem changes), and 7. Classification of autopsy specimens.
discuss their relevance and 8. Proper handling of autopsy specimen.
importance including medico legal
applications.
5. Enumerate personnel behind PME
and specify their functions
(pathologist, medico-legal officer,
histotechnologist,
histotechnicians).
6. Differentiate medical from medico-
legal autopsy.
7. Discuss proper handling,
techniques of gross autopsy
specimen.
At the end of this unit, the student is Part III – Exfoliative Cytology 15 Large Group Demonstration Communication Honesty Written exam
able to: 1. Definition hrs Discussion skills Commitment Oral examination
1. Explain the significance of 2. Importance Performance Responsibility Performance checklist
cytologic examination. 3. Specimens Case analysis of Tests Problem- solving Accountability Practical examination
2. Identify the specimen processed 3.1. Collection skills Adherence to Return demonstration
under exfoliative cytology. 4. Fixation Assignments Output rules
3. Explain the significance of fixation 5. Staining Techniques Presentation Technical skills Cooperation
and adhesion in exfoliative 6. Methods of Reporting Teamwork
cytology. 7. Interpretation of Results (Clinical Laboratory Concern for
4. Perform the procedure for pap’s Significance) Safety others and the
staining of samples of tissue. environment
5. Prepare reports in exfoliative Identification Prudence in the
cytology in a standard manner of skills use of reagents
reporting & materials
6. Correlate results in exfoliative
cytology with various physiologic
and pathologic conditions.

PASMETH, Inc.
Copyright © 2008
All Rights Reserved.
 Technical Working Group for Prototype Course Syllabi Development
(2007-2008)

Zennie Aceron Frederick Llanera Anacleta Valdez

Petrona Benitez Carina Magbojos Rowen Yolo
Sergia Cacatian Gregorio Martin
Zenaida Cajucom Fe Martinez and other PASMETH members
Edwin Cancino Josephine Milan not cited in this page who in
Jacinta Cruz Ferdinand Mortel one way or another has
De Carlos Leon Magdalena Natividad contributed greatly to the
success of this endeavor…
Oliver Shane Dumaoal Rodolfo Rabor
Bernard Ebuen Ma. Teresa Rodriguez
Nini Lim Celia Roslin

PASMETH, Inc.
Copyright © 2008
All Rights Reserved.