Drug Mechanism of Contraindicatio Indications Side effect Nursing

action ns responsibilities

Brand Name: -With angle- Advanced epigastric pain; CV 1. note indications

Hizon Stimulates beta closure cardiac life disorders; difficulty in for therapy, onset,
epinephrine receptors in lung. glaucoma, shock support, micturition with characteristics of
Relaxes bronchial (other than anaphylactic urinary retention; signs and
Generic Name: smooth muscle. anaphylactic shock, ocular dyspnoea; symptoms.
Epinephrine Increases vital shock), organic hypertension, hyperglycaemia; 2. monitor v/s
capacity brain damage, open-angle sweating; 3. document disease
Classification Increases BP,  cardiac dilation, glaucoma, hypersalivation; onset, subtype,
Beta2 HR,  PR arrhythmias, asthmatic attacks weakness, tremors; other agents trialed
Adrenergic Decreases airway coronary coldness of and outcome.
Agonists resistance. insufficiency, or extremities; 4. take extra
cerebral hypokalaemia. precaution on the
Dosage: arteriosclerosis Gangrene, tissue patients with
0.5 mL IM -In conjunction necrosis and sloughing following
with local (extravasation) when conditions: CV
anesthesia, used in addition to diseases;
epinephrine is local anaesthetics. Eye hyperthyroidism;
contraindicated drops: Severe DM; Parkinson's
for use in finger, smarting, blurred disease; elderly;
toes, ears, nose, vision, photophobia; pregnancy,
and genitalia. naso-lachrymal ducts lactation.
-In pregnant obstruction. Oedema,
woman, drug is hyperaemia and
contraindicated. inflammation of the
-In breast feeding eyes with repeated
do not use the administration.
drug or stop
breast feeding.
Drug Mechanism of Contraindications Indications Side Effects Nursing
Action responsibilities

The analgesic effect Hypersensitivity to Moderate to Dizziness, headache, 1.do not confuse
Brand name: is only partially tramadol, in acute moderately severe CNS stimulation, Ultram with Ultrase
Dolcet antagonized by the intoxication with pain. ataxia, sedation, 2. List reasons for
antagonist alcohol, hypnotics, vertigo, itching, therapy, location,
Generic Name: naloxone. Causes centrally acting constipation, nausea, onset, triggers,
Tramadol significantly less analgesics, opiates seizures, characteristics of S
hydrochloride respiratory or psychotropic paresthesia, and S. use a pin-
depression than drugs. Use in cognitive rating scale to rate
Route of morphine. In cleitns with past r dysfunction, pain.
administration contrast to resent addictin or hallucinations, 3. Assess for history
: morphine, tramadol opiate dependence tremor, amnesia, of drug addiction,
Oral does not cause or in those with a concentration allergy to opiates or
release of prior history of difficulty, abnormal codeine, seizures;
Classification : histamine. Produces allergy to codeine gait, migraine, drug may increase
Analgesic dependence of the or opiates. Use for nausea, constipation, the risk of
mu-opioid type obstetric vomiting, dyspepsia, convulsions
Dosage: how ever there is preoperative dry mouth, diarrhea,
50-100mg little evidence of medicatin of anorexia
q 4-6 hrs. prn abuse. Tolerance postdelivery
occurs but is analgesia In
relatively mild; the nursing mothers.
withdrawal
syndrome is not as
severe as with other
opiates
 Drug Mechanism of Contraindicatio Indications Side Effects Nursing
action ns Responsibilities
. It blocks the calcium Cardiovascular Treatment of Flushing, nausea, 1. dot not confuse
Brand Name: or "slow" channels and shock, severe vasospastic angina, dizziness, headache, nifedipine with
Calcibloc inhibits entry of aortic stenosis or chronic stable tiredness, sedation, nicardipine
calcium ions into in patients known angina, leg edema and other 2. do not exceed a
Generic Name: vascular smooth to be hypertension. manifestations of single dose
Nifedipine muscles particularly of hypersensitive to peripheral 3. before increasing
resistance vessels and nifedipine. Care vasodilation. dose, carefully
Classification: coronary arteries. is needed in monitor BP
Calcium Dilates coronary and patients with very 4. use only the
channel blocker peripheral arteries, as low blood sustained release
well as veins. pressure (severe tablets to treat
Route of Coronary arterial hypotension with hypertension
administration vasodilation increases systolic pressure 5. concomitant
: coronary blood flow in <90 mmHg) or therapy with beta
Oral the ischemic post- decompensated renergic blocking
stenotic areas, while heart failure. agents may be used
Dosage: dilation of the 6. clients withdrawn
Capsules: 10-20 peripheral arteries from beta blockers
mg 3x a day lowers arterial blood may manifest
Tablets: 30-60 pressure and reduces symptoms of
mg per day left ventricular increased angina
afterload. Some renal which cannot be
artery dilatation may prevented by
stimulate mild nifedipine; in fact
diuresis. nifedipine may
increase the severity
of angina situation
 Drug Data Mechanism of Indication Contraindications Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities
Action
Brand Name Enters target cells -Replacement Hepatitis B,Vaccinia CNS: Vertigo,
Solu-Cortef and binds to therapy in adrenal or headache, - Assess for contraindications.
cytoplasmic receptor; cortical varicella,Antibiotic- paresthesias, - Assess body weight, skin color, V/S,
Generic Name initiates many insufficiency resistant insomnia, seizures, urinalysis, serum electrolytes, X-rays,
Hydrocortisone complex reactions - Allergic states – infections,Immunosu psychosis, CBC.
that are responsible severe or ppression EENT: Cataracts, - Arrange for increased dosage when
Dosage for its anti- incapacitating Special Precaution glaucoma, increased patient is subject to unusual stress.
20-240 mg/day in inflammatory, allergic - Kidney disease IOP - Do not give live vaccines with
single dose or immunosuppressive conditions - Liver disease Endocrine: immunosuppressive doses of
divided doses (glucocorticoid), and - Hematologic - Cirrhosis Amenorrhea, hydrocortisone.
salt-retaining disorders - Hypothyroidism irregular mens, - Observe the 15 rights of drug
Classification : (mineralocorticoid) - Ulcerative - Ulcerative colitis growth retardation, administration.
Adrenal cortical actions.. colitis with decreased .- Space multiple doses evenly
steroid - Hypertension GI: Peptic or throughout the day.
Corticosteroid - Heart failure esophageal ulcer, - Use minimal doses for minimal
Glucocorticoid - Thromboembolic pancreatitis, duration to minimize adverse effects.
tendencies Hematologic: Na and - Do not give IM injections if
- Osteoporosis fluid retention, patient has thrombocytopenic
- Convulsive hypocalcemia, purpura.
disorders increased blood
- Metastatic sugar,
carcinoma Musculoskeletal:
Muscle weakness,
steroid myopathy and
loss of muscle mass,
osteoporosis.
 Drug Mechanism of Contraindicatio Indications Side Effects Nursing
action ns Responsibilities
Brand Name: . • Inhibits the action of •Hypersensitivity, Used in management • CNS: 1. Use caution
Zantac histamine at the H2 Cross-sensitivity of various gastro Confusion, dizziness, in presence
receptor site located may occur; some intestinal disorders drowsiness, of renal or
Generic Name: primarily in gastric oral liquids such as dyspepsia, hallucinations, hepatic
Ranitidine parietal cells, resulting contain alcohol gastroesophageal headache• CV: impairment
in inhibition of gastric and should be reflux disease,peptic Arrhythmias• GI: 2. Assess
Classification : acid secretion. avoided in ulcer and Zollinger- Altered taste, black potential
Anti-ulcer patients with Ellison syndrome. tongue, constipation, interactions
agents • In addition, ranitidine known dark stools, diarrhea, with other
bismuth citrate has intolerance. drug-induced pharmacologi
some antibacterial hepatitis, nausea• cal agents
Dosage: action against H. Special GU: patient
150 – 300 mg pylori. Precaution:: Decreased sperm maybe
count, impotence• taking.
• Renal impair- ENDO: 3. Monitor
ment Gynecomastia• AST,ALT,ser
• Geriatric HEMAT: um
patients (more Agranulocytosis, creatinine,wh
susceptible to Aplastic Anemia, en used to
adverse CNS neutropenia, prevent
reactions) thrombocytopenia• stress-related
• Pregnancy or LOCAL: GI bleeding
Lactation Pain at IM site•
MISC:
Hypersensitivity
reactions, vasculitis

.
 Drug Mechanism of Contraindicatio Indications Side Effects Nursing
action ns Responsibilities
Brand Name: . Relaxes bronchial -Contraindicated -Symptomatic relief -CNS: Irritability -Administer to
Phyllocontin smooth muscle, causing with or prevention of (especially pregnant patients
bronchodilation and hypersensitivity bronchial asthma children); only when
Generic Name: increasing vital to any xanthine and reversible restlessness, clearly needed.
or to
Aminophylline capacity, which has bronchospasm dizziness, severe -Caution patient not
ethylenediamin
been impaired by e, peptic ulcer,
associated with depression to chew or crush
Classification : bronchospasm and air active gastritis; chronic -CV: Palpitations, enteric-coated
Bronchodilator trapping; in higher rectal or colonic bronchitis and sinus timed-release
concentrations, it also irritation or emphysema tachycardia, forms.
Route of inhibits the release of infection (use -Unlabeled uses: ventricular -Give immediate-
administration slow-reacting substance rectal Respiratory tachycardia, life release, liquid
: of anaphylaxis (SRS- preparations). stimulant in ,circulatory failure dosage forms
IV,Oral A) and histamine. -Use cautiously Cheyne-Stokes -GI: Loss of with food if GI
with cardiac respiration; appetite, effects occur.
Dosage: arrhythmias, treatment of hematemesis, -Maintain adequate
acute
Tablets—100, apnea and epigastric pain, hydration.
myocardial
200 mg; liquid injury, CHF,
bradycardia in gastroesophageal -Monitor for clinical
—105 mg/5 cor pulmonale, premature babies reflux during signs of adverse
mL; injection— severe sleep- effects
250 mg/10 mL; hypertension, GU: RBCs;urinary -Ensure that
suppositories— severe retention in men diazepam is
250, 500 mg hypoxemia, with prostate readily available
renal or hepatic enlargement to treat seizures.
disease, -Respiratory:
hyperthyroidis Tachypnea,
m, alcoholism, respiratory arrest
labor, lactation.
 Drug Mechanism of Contraindicatio Indications Side Effects Nursing
action ns Responsibilities
. Contraindicated . Acute or long- . CNS: Headache, 1.Take drug with
with allergy to term treatment of dizziness, food or meals if
Brand Name: Inhibits prostaglandin NSAIDs, mild to moderate somnolence, GI upset occurs.
Voltaren synthesis to cause significant pain, including insomnia, fatigue, 2.Take only the
antipyretic and anti- renal dysmenorrhea tiredness, tinnitus, prescribed
Generic Name: inflammatory effects; impairment, Rheumatoid ophthalmologic dosage.
Diclofenac the exact mechanism is pregnancy, arthritis effects These side
sodium unknown. lactation. Osteoarthritis Dermatologic: Rash, effects may
Use cautiously Ankylosing pruritus, sweating, occur: Dizziness,
Classification : with impaired spondylitis dry mucous drowsiness
Anti- hearing, allergies, Treatment of membranes, (avoid driving or
inflammatory hepatic, actinic keratosis stomatitisGI: using dangerous
cardiovascular, in conjunction Nausea, machinery while
and GI conditions with sun dyspepsia, GI using this drug).
Route of avoidance pain, diarrhea, 3.Report sore
administration Ophthalmic: vomiting, throat, fever,
: Postoperative constipation, rash, itching,
oral inflammation flatulence weight gain,
from cataract GU: Dysuria, renal swelling in
Dosage: extraction impairment ankles or fingers,
50 mg Hematologic: changes in
Bleeding, platelet vision; black,
inhibition with tarry stools.
higher doses
Drug Mechanism of Contraindicatio Indications Side effect Nursing
action ns responsibilities
Depresses the Dependence on Management of CNS: dizziness, 1.Don't mix
Brand Name: CNS, probably by other substances anxiety, drowsiness, lethargy, injectable diazepam
Diazepam potentiating including alcohol Preoperative hangover, paradoxical with other drugs,
gamma- except in sedation, light excitation, mental and don't store
Generic Name: aminobutyric acid, management of anesthesia, depression, headache parenteral solution
Valium an inhibitory acute withdrawal amnesia, EENT: blurred vision in plastic syringes.
neurotransmitter, reactions. Severe treatment of Resp: respiratory  2. Avoid mixing
Classification produces skeletal chronic status depression CV: with any other
Anti-convulsant muscle relaxation hypercapnia. epilepticus, hypotension (IV only) drugs or solutions,
GI: nausea, vomiting,
by inhibiting spinal skeletal muscle and avoid infusion
Dosage: diarrhea, constipation
polysynaptic relaxant sets or containers
Tab Adult 5-20 Derm: rashes Local:
afferent pathways, Management of made from
mg daily venous thrombosis,
has anticonvulsant the symptoms of polyvinyl chloride.
phlebitis (IV) Misc:
properties due to alcohol tolerance,
enhanced withdrawal. psychological
presynaptic dependence, physical
inhibition. It also Special dependence
relieves anxiety. It Precaution:
is used also as Cardiorespi.
sedative, skeletal insufficiency;
muscle relaxation, pregnancy,
cessation of seizure lactation;
activity. myasthenia
gravis
Drug Mechanism of Contraindicatio Indications Side effect Nursing
action ns responsibilities
For acute CNS:dizziness,headac
Brand Name: Ihibits sodium and . Hypersensitivity pulmonary he,vertigo,weakness,le 1.Avoid driving and
Lasix chloride to sulfonyureas; edema, thargy,paresthesia other hazardous
reabsorption at the Anuria Edema caused by CV: hypotension,light- activities until he
Generic Name: proximal tubules, heart failure, headedness,necrotizin knows how drug
Furosemide distal tubules and Special hepatic cirrhosis g effects
ascending loop of Precaution: and renal angiitis,thrombolebitis, concentration and
Classification Henley leading to Elderly patients, disorder arrythmias alertness.
Diuretic, excretion of water, diabetes mellitus EENT: blurred 2.Caution the
Antihypertensive together with severe hepatic vision,hearing patient to stop to
sodium, chloride disease, pregnant loss,tinittus avoid alcohol and
Dosage: and potassium. GI: acute pancreatitis herbs while taking
or breastfeeding
Injection – GU: oliguria,intestinal this drug.
patients, neonates
10 mg/dl nephritis 3. Inform patient
Oral Solution- HEMATOLOGIC: that he will
10 mg/ml Leucopenia,thrombocy regularly undergo
Tablet- topenia,hemolytic blood testing
20 mg anemia therapy.
HEPATIC: jaundice
MUCOSKELETAL:
muscle pain,muscle
cramps
SKIN: erythema
multiforme
OTHER:
fever,trancient pain
Drug Mechanism of Contraindicatio Indications Side effect Nursing
action ns responsibilities
Paracetamol Nephropathy For HEMATOLOGIC:
Brand Name: produces analgesia . sympmtomatic luekopenia,thrombocyt 1. Instruct patient to
Aeknil by raising relief of fever openia take with meals.
threshold of the Special and pain SKIN skin eruption 2. Have plenty of
Generic Name: pain center of the Precaution: associated with water when taking
Paracetamol brain and by Renal and hepatic common this drug.
obstructing failure childhood
Classification imulpses at the disorders,tonsillit
Analgesic , pain-mediating is,URTI,post
Antipyretic chemoreceptors. immunization
The drug produces reactions
Dosage: antipyresia by an
≤10 years old action of
1-2 ml hypothalamus ;
Adult and heat dissipation,is
children ≥ 10yr. increased as a
2-3 ml result of
vasodilation and ↑
peripheral blood
flow
Drug Mechanism of Contraindicatio Indications Side effect Nursing
action ns responsibilities
Treatment for Dry mouth,
Brand Name: Competes with . Newborn or allergic disorders constipation, blurred 1Assess patient’s
Chlorphenamine histamine for H 1- premature infants, of allergic vision, delirium , condition before
receptor site on hyperthyroidism, rhinitis, agitation, jaundice, after therapy and
Generic Name: effector cells; hypertension. bronchial ventricular regularly after.
Antamin decreases allergic acute asthma asthma, tachycardia, 2. Assess for
response by attack, food and drug drowsiness, nasal hypersensitivity
Classification blocking histamine. active peptic ulcer, allergy, measles, stuffiness, cardiac reaction: fever,
Antihistamines, tuberculosis asthma , pains, arrhythmias, cardiac skin rash.
Antiallergies headaches, failure, skin rashes. 3. Tell patient to
Special common cold, report adverse
Dosage: Precaution: anaphylactic effect.
Adult: Liver shock. 4. Advise patient
1 tab/ disease,epilepsy,c that drug may cause
3x a day hronic respiratory photosensitivity.
disorders, hepatic
5. Avoid driving
and other hazardous
disease,pregnant
activities because
or breastfeeding
drowsiness may
pts.
occur, observe until
drug’s effect are
known.
Drug Mechanism of Contraindicatio Indications Side effect Nursing
action ns responsibilities
Treatment and .Gastrointestinal
Brand Name: .Inhibits Hypersensitivity prophylaxis of disturbances, 1. Perform blood
Hemostan breakdown of to drugs, patients hemorrhage hypotension, tests, liver function
fibrin clots.It acts with intravascular associated with disturbance color tests, eye
Generic Name: primarily by clotting because excessive vision, thrombotic examination, and
Tranexamic acid blocking the of the risk of fibrinolysis. complication. obtain
binding of thrombosis. prothrombine time.
Classification plasminogen and Severe renal 2. Reduced dosage
Haemostatics plasmin to fibrin; insuffiency , for patients with
direct inhibition of patients with renal impairment.
Dosage: plasmin occurs microscopic 3. Advice patient to
Oral- only to a limited hematuria. report visual
(15 to 25 mg) 2 degree. abnormalities to the
Special
to 4 x a day physician.
Precaution:
Patients with pre
disposition to
thrombosis,
hematuria, renal
impairment,pregna
nt or breastfeeding
pts.
Drug Mechanism of Contraindicatio Indications Side effect Nursing
action ns responsibilities
Causes an influx of Constipation, Abdominal discomfort
Brand Name: fluid in the .Patients who salmonellosis, associated with 1..For patient with
Buscopan plus intestinal tract by require to low treatment for flatulence and hepatic
increasing the lactose diet, hepatic intestinal cramps, encephalopathy,
Generic Name: osmotic pressure galactosaemia or encephalopathy. nausea, vomiting, regularly assess
Hyoscine/ within the disaccharide diarrhea on prolonged mental condition
Paracetamol intestinal deficiency , use. and ammonia level.
lumen.Bacterial intestinal 2. Monitor for
Classification metabolism of the obstruction. possible GI
Antispasmodic drug to lactate and reactions: nausea,
Special
other acids which vomiting,
Precaution:
Dosage: are only partially abdominal cramps,
Infants: abvsorbed in the Diabetes mellitus
blenching,
5 mL , initial distal ileum and elderly,pregnant or diarrhea ,
dose TID colon augments the breastfeeding pts. , flatulence, and
Children: osmotic effect of do not use if distention.
1-6 yrs. 5-10 mL lactulose. presence of 3. Monitor for
, initial dose TID adominal pain , increased glucose
Children: nausea,vomiting, levels for diabetic
7- 14 yrs. 15 mL, fever,. patient.
Initial dose TID
Adult:
15-45 mL
TID
Drug Mechanism of Contraindicatio Indications Side effect Nursing
action ns responsibilities
Gastrointestinal Sedation, restlessness,
Brand Name: Dopamine agonist .Patients in whom motility fatigue diarrhea, 1..Frequently
Plasil that acts by increased GI disturbances.Nau insomnia, headache, monitor blood
increasing receptor might be sea and dizziness, pressure of patients
Generic Name: sensitivity and dangerous vomitingof nervousness, taking IV form of
Metoclopera response of upper ,hypersensitivity central and menstrual disorders, drug.
mide GI tissues to to drugs, peripheral origin drowsiness, bowel 2. Assess mental
acetycholine. This children, associated with upsets. status during
Classification causes the lactation, patients surgery , treatment :
Antiemetic, GI contraction of with breast metabolic depression,anxiety,
regulator, anti- gastric smooth cancer, epileptic diseases, irritability.
inflammatory, muscles, relaxation patients. infectious 3. Assess patient’s
antiflatulents of pyloric sphincter diseases, and and family’s
Special
and duodenal bulb drug induced. knowledge of drug
Precaution:
Route: and increased therapy.
IM, slow IV peristalsis without Patients with
injection over 1- stimulating Parkinsonism and
2 mins. gastric,biliary and history of mental
pancreatic illness,epileptics,el
Dosage: secretions.It also derly ,pregnant or
Pedia: produces sedation breastfeeding pts.
5 -10 mg TID and induces
Adult: releases of
10 mg TID prolactin.
Drug Mechanism of Contraindicatio Indications Side effect Nursing
action ns responsibilities
.Preventive and Transient
Brand Name: Increases supply of Acute myocardial long term hypoxemia,headache, 1.Assess for pain:
Isordil oxygen to the heart infarction ; with treatment of ↓ blood pressure, ↑ duration, time
by dilating both the low filling angina pectoris, pulse rate, dizziness started, activity
Generic Name: arteries and veins pressures , except congestive heart and weakness, being performed,
Isosorbide which supply the in the intensive failure, arterial nausea,vomiting, character, intensity.
dinitrate/mononit heart itself. care unit with vasodilators, allergic skin reactions. 2. Monitor B/.P,
rate continuous pulmonary pulse at baseline
haemodynamic hypertension. and during
Classification monitoring; left treatment.
Anti- anginal heart failure with 3. Caution pt. to
low filling make position
Route: pressures ; shock; changes slowly to
Oral very low blood prevent orthostatic
pressure . hypotension.
Dosage: . 4. Instruct pt. to
40 mg OD Special swallow sustained
Precaution: released tablet
Pregnant or whole, do not chew;
breastfeeding SL tablet should be
patients, acute dissolved under the
myocardial tongue ,do not
infarction, swallow chewable
constrictive tablet should be
pericarditis. chewed thoroughly.
 EMERGENCY DRUGS

Submitted by:
Mary Anne E. Elepaño
BSN – Ш C

Submitted to:
Ms. Silgrid Villanueva
Clinical Instructor