1

Licenciatura em Matemática Transmissão: 31/10/07 (quarta-feira)

Álgebra Linear II

Aula 15.2 P2 / Audemir Tempo: 19:20 / 20:25 (1h05’)

1. Arte
Revisão

2. Arte
Aplicação
Sejam T : R 2 → R 2 um operador linear e as bases α = {(3, 4), (5, 7)} e
⎡− 2 4 ⎤
β = {((1, 1), (−1, 1)} e seja [T ]α = ⎢ ⎥ a matriz de T na base α .
⎣ 2 − 1⎦
Calcular [T ]β [ ]β
pela relação T = M −1 ⋅ [T ]α M , sendo M a matriz mudança de base de
β para α.

3. Arte
Solução
M = [I ]α = α −1 ⋅ β
β

−1 −1
⎡3 5⎤ ⎡1 − 1⎤ ⎡ 7 − 5⎤ ⎡1 − 1⎤
M =⎢ ⋅ = ⋅
⎣4 7 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣1 1 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣− 4 3 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣1 1 ⎥⎦
⎡2 − 12⎤
M =⎢
⎣− 1 7 ⎥⎦
⎡7 ⎤
⎡ 2 − 12⎤ ⎢ 6⎥
M =⎢ ⎥ ⇒ M −1 = ⎢ 2 ⎥
⎣− 1 7 ⎦ ⎢
1
1⎥
⎣2 ⎦
⎡7 ⎤
⎢ 2 6⎥ ⎡ − 2 4 ⎤ ⎡ 2 − 12⎤
[T ]β = ⎢ 1 ⎥ ⋅ ⎢ ⎥ ⋅ ⎢− 1
⎢ 1⎥ ⎣ 2 − 1⎦ ⎣ 7 ⎥⎦
⎣2 ⎦
2 − 12⎤
[T ]β = ⎡⎢ ⎤⎥ ⋅ ⎡⎢
5 8
⎥
⎣1 1⎦ ⎣− 1 7 ⎦
2 − 4⎤
[T ]β = ⎡⎢ ⎥
⎣1 − 5 ⎦
4. Arte
Aplicação
⎡1 − 1⎤
Dada a matriz A = ⎢0 1 ⎥ , e os polinômios f (t ) = t − 3t − 18 e g (t ) = t − 5t + 1 ,
2 2

⎣ ⎦
calcule:

a) (f + g )( A) e f ( A) + g ( A)

5. Arte

Álgebra Linear II Aula 15.2 Audemir

 2

Solução
⎡1 − 1⎤ ⎡1 − 1⎤ ⎡1 − 2⎤
A2 = ⎢ ⎥⋅⎢ ⎥=⎢ ⎥
⎣0 1 ⎦ ⎣0 1 ⎦ ⎣0 1 ⎦
a) f (t ) = t − 3t − 18 e g (t ) = t − 5t + 1
2 2

( f + g )(t ) = f (t ) + g (t )
( f + g )(t ) = 2t 2 − 8t − 17 ( f + g )( A) = 2 A 2 − 8 A − 17 I
⎡1 − 2⎤ ⎡1 − 1⎤ ⎡1 0⎤
( f + g )( A) = 2 ⎢ ⎥ − 8⎢ ⎥ − 17 ⎢ ⎥
⎣0 1 ⎦ ⎣0 1 ⎦ ⎣0 1 ⎦
⎡− 23 4 ⎤
( f + g )( A) = ⎢
⎣ 0 − 23⎥⎦

6. Arte
Solução
f (t ) = t 2 − 3t − 18
f ( A) = A 2 − 3 A − 18I
⎡1 − 2⎤ ⎡1 − 1⎤ ⎡1 0⎤
f ( A) = ⎢ ⎥ − 3⎢ ⎥ − 18⎢ ⎥
⎣0 1 ⎦ ⎣0 1 ⎦ ⎣0 1 ⎦
⎡− 20 1 ⎤
f ( A) = ⎢
⎣ 0 − 20⎥⎦

7. Arte
Solução
g (t ) = t 2 − 5t + 1
g ( A) = A 2 − 5 A + I
⎡1 − 2⎤ ⎡1 − 1⎤ ⎡1 0⎤
g ( A) = ⎢ ⎥ − 5⎢ ⎥+⎢ ⎥
⎣ 0 1 ⎦ ⎣0 1 ⎦ ⎣0 1 ⎦
⎡− 3 3 ⎤
g ( A) = ⎢ ⎥
⎣ 0 − 3⎦

8. Arte
Solução
⎡− 20 1 ⎤ ⎡− 3 3 ⎤
f ( A) + g ( A) = ⎢ +
⎣ 0 − 20⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ 0 − 3⎥⎦
⎡− 23 4 ⎤
f ( A) + g ( A) = ⎢
⎣ 0 − 23⎥⎦
Assim observamos o item (i) do teorema 9.1
( f + g )( A) = f ( A) + g ( A) .
9. Arte
Aplicação
Sejam A = {(−1,1), (0,2)}, B = {(3,0), (0,−1)} e C = {(1,1), (0,−1)} bases do R .
2

Determine I[ ]BA e [I ]CB . Verifique ainda que [I ]CB ⋅ [I ]BA = [I ]CA .

Álgebra Linear II Aula 15.2 Audemir

 3

10. Arte
Solução
[I ]BA =?; A = {(−1,1), (0,2)}, B = {(3,0), (0,−1)}
( x, y ) = a(3, 0) + b(0,−1)
x
3a = x ⇒ a = ; b = − y
3
1
( x, y ) = a(3, 0) + b(0,−1) (−1,1) = − (3,0) + (−1)(0,−1)
3
(0, 2) = 0.(3,0) + (−2)(0,−1)
⎛ 1 ⎞
− 0 ⎟
[I ] =⎜ 3
A
B ⎜ ⎟
⎝ −1 − 2⎠

11. Arte
Solução
[I ]CB =? ; B = {(3,0), (0,−1)}e C = {(1,1), (0,−1)}
( x, y ) = a(1,1) + b(0,−1)
a = x; a − b = y ⇒ b = x − y
( x, y ) = x(1,1) + ( x − y )(0,−1)
(3, 0) = 3(1,1) + (3 − 0)(0,−1)
(3, 0) = 3(1,1) + 3(0,−1)
(0, − 1) = 0.(1,1) + (0 − (−1))(0,−1)
(0, − 1) = 0.(1,1) + 1.(0,−1)

[I ]CB = ⎛⎜⎜ ⎞⎟⎟

3 0
⎝3 1⎠
12. Arte
Solução
[I ]CB ⋅ [I ]BA = [I ]CA ;
⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛3 0⎞
[I ]BA = ⎜⎜ − 3 0 ⎟
⎟
e [I ]C = ⎜⎜
B
⎟⎟
⎝ −1 − 2⎠ ⎝ 3 1 ⎠

⎛ 3 0 ⎞ ⎛⎜ − ⎞
1
0 ⎟
[I ]CB ⋅ [I ]B = ⎜⎜
A
⎟⎟ ⋅ 3
⎝ 3 1 ⎠ ⎜⎝ − 1 − 2 ⎟⎠
⎛ −1 0 ⎞
[I ]CB ⋅ [I ]B = ⎜⎜
A
⎟⎟
⎝ − 2 − 2⎠

13. Arte
Solução
[I ]CB ⋅ [I ]BA = [I ]CA ;
−1 0 ⎞
[I ]CB ⋅ [I ]BA = ⎛⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ; [I ]C = ?
A

⎝ − 2 − 2⎠
A = {(−1,1), (0, 2)} e C = {(1,1), (0,−1)}

Álgebra Linear II Aula 15.2 Audemir

 4

( x, y ) = a(1,1) + b(0, − 1)
a=x ;
a−b = y ⇒ b = x− y
( x, y ) = x(1,1) + ( x − y )(0, − 1)
(−1,1) = −1(1,1) + (−1 − 1)(0, − 1)
( −1,1) = −1(1,1) + (−2)(0, − 1)
(0, 2) = 0.(1,1) + (0 − 2)(0, − 1)
(0, 2) = 0.(1,1) + (−2)(0, − 1)
−1 0 ⎤
[I ]CA = ⎡⎢ ⎥
⎣− 2 − 2⎦
[I ]CB ⋅ [I ]BA = [I ]CA

14. Arte
Aplicação
⎡3 2⎤
É verdade que λ = 2 é autovalor para A=⎢ ⎥?
⎣3 8⎦

15. Arte
Solução
⎡3 2⎤
A=⎢ ⎥ e λ=2
⎣3 8⎦
⎡ x⎤
Au = λu , onde u = ⎢ ⎥
⎣ y⎦
Au − λu = 0
( A − λI )u = 0
⎛ ⎡3 2⎤ ⎡1 0⎤ ⎞⎛ x ⎞ ⎛ 0 ⎞
⎜⎢
⎜ 3 8⎥ − 2 ⋅ ⎢0 1⎥ ⎟⎟⎜⎜ y ⎟⎟ = ⎜⎜ 0 ⎟⎟
⎝⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦ ⎠⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
⎛ ⎡3 2⎤ ⎡− 2 0 ⎤ ⎞⎛ x ⎞ ⎛ 0 ⎞
⎜⎢ ⎟
⎜ 3 8 ⎥ + ⎢ 0 − 2⎥ ⎟⎜⎜ y ⎟⎟ = ⎜⎜ 0 ⎟⎟
⎝⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦ ⎠⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
⎛1 2⎞ ⎛ x ⎞ ⎛ 0⎞
⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ⋅ ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
⎝3 6⎠ ⎝ y ⎠ ⎝0⎠
⎛ x + 2 y ⎞ ⎛0⎞
⋅ ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
⎝ 3x + 6 y ⎠ ⎝ 0 ⎠
x
y=−
2
⎡ 1⎤
λ=2 é autovalor para o autovetor x ⋅ ⎢ 1⎥
⎢− ⎥
⎣ 2⎦

Álgebra Linear II Aula 15.2 Audemir

 5

16. Arte
Aplicação
Seja o operador simétrico, no R , definido por T ( x, y ) = ( x + 3 y, 3 x − 4 y ) .
2

Consideremos u = (2, 3) e v = (4, 2) , calcular T (u ) , T (v) e verificar se

T (u ).v = u.T (v)

17. Arte
Solução
u = (2, 3) ; v = (4, 2)
T ( x, y ) = ( x + 3 y , 3 x − 4 y )
T (u ) = T (2, 3) = (2 + 3.3, 3.2 − 4.3)
T (u ) = (11, − 6)
T (v) = T (4, 2) = (4 + 3.2, 3.4 − 4.2)
T (v) = (10, 4)

18. Arte
Solução
u = (2, 3) ; v = (4, 2) ;
T (u ) = (11, − 6) ; T (v) = (10, 4)
T (u ).v = (11, − 6).(4, 2) = 44 − 12 = 32
u. T (v) = (2, 3).(10, 4) = 20 + 12 = 32
T (u ).v = u.T (v)

19. Arte
Aplicação
Verificar se o operador linear T : R → R , definido por
3 3

T ( x, y, z ) = ( x − y + 2 z, y − z, 2 y − 3 z ) é inversível e, em caso afirmativo, determinar

T −1 ( x , y , z ) .

20. Arte
Solução
T ( x, y , z ) = ( x − y + 2 z , y − z , 2 y − 3 z )
T (1,0,0) = (1 − 0 + 2.0, 0 − 0, 2.0 − 3.0)
T (1,0,0) = (1, 0, 0)
T ( x, y , z ) = ( x − y + 2 z , y − z , 2 y − 3 z )
T (0,1,0) = (0 − 1 + 2.0,1 − 0, 2.1 − 3.0)
T (0,1,0) = (−1,1, 2)
T ( x, y , z ) = ( x − y + 2 z , y − z , 2 y − 3 z )
T (0,0,1) = (0 − 0 + 2.1, 0 − 1, 2.0 − 3.1)
T (0,0,1) = (2, − 1, − 3)

21. Arte
Solução
T (1,0,0) = (1, 0, 0)
T (0,1,0) = (−1,1, 2)

Álgebra Linear II Aula 15.2 Audemir

 6

T (0,0,1) = (2, − 1, − 3)
⎡1 − 1 2 ⎤
[T ] = ⎢⎢0 1 − 1⎥⎥ ; [T ]−1 = ?
⎢⎣0 2 − 3⎥⎦
⎡1 − 1 1 ⎤
[T ] = ⎢⎢0 3 − 1⎥⎥
−1

⎢⎣0 2 − 1⎥⎦

22. Arte
Solução
⎡1 − 1 1 ⎤
[T ] = ⎢⎢0 3 − 1⎥⎥
−1

⎢⎣0 2 − 1⎥⎦
T −1 ( x, y, z ) = x(1, 0, 0) + y (−1, 3, 2) + z (1, − 1, − 1)
T −1 ( x, y, z ) = ( x, 0, 0) + (− y, 3 y, 2 y ) + ( z , − z , − z )
T −1 ( x, y, z ) = ( x − y + z, 3 y − z, 2 y − z )

Intervalo P2 Tempo: 20:25 / 20:45 (20’)

Álgebra Linear II Aula 15.2 Audemir