Parallel Axis Theorem

The moment of inertia of a body about an axis is equal to its moment of inertia about a parallel axis through its centre
of gravity plus the product of the mass of the body and the square of the perpendicular distance between the two
parallel axes.

Let 'I' be the moment of inertia of a plane lamina about an axis YY. Let 'G' be the centre of gravity of the lamina.
Yl Yl is an axis parallel to YY and passing through 'G'. Let 'Ig' be the moment of inertia of the lamina about Yl Yl.
Let GP = x.
Moment of inertia of the particle about
Y Y = m (x + d)2
Moment of inertia of the whole of lamina about

The lamina will balance itself about its centre of gravity. So the algebraic sum of the moments of theweights of
constituent particles about the centre of gravity G should be zero.
Perpendicular Axis Theorem
This is applicable only to a plane lamina. The moment of inertia of a plane lamina about an axis perpendicular to its
plane is equal to the sum of the moments of inertia of the lamina about any two mutually perpendicular axes, passing
in its own plane, intersecting each other at the point through which the perpendicular axis passes.

Let us consider a plane lamina lying in the XOY plane. The lamina is made up of a large number of particles.
Consider a particle of mass 'm' at P. From P, PN and PNl are drawn perpendicular to X-axis and Y-axis, respectively.
Now PNl= x, PN = y
Moment of inertia about X-axis = my2
Moment of inertia of the whole of lamina about X-axis

Moment of inertia of the whole of lamina about Y-axis

Moment of inertia of the whole of lamina about Z-axis

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