Bio Statistics 1

Biostatistics 05/08/10 5:13 PM
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http://www.scribd.com/doc/21978415/Biostatistics Page 1 of 99
Number to treat
ibuprofen control
number of patients 50 50
at least 50% pain relief over 6 hours 27 10
expressed in percentage 54% 20%
absolute risk reduction = 54%-20% (or 0.54-0.20)

= 34% (or 0.34)
number needed to treat = 1/0.34
= 2.94
or 3
Number to treat

another way of calculating NNT for the analgesic
trial
NNT = 1/(the proportion of patients with at
least 50% pain relief with analgesic
minus the proportion of patients with
at least 50% pain relief with placebo)
= 1/((27/50) - (10/50))
= 1/((27/50) - (10/50))
= 1/(0.54 - 0.20)
= 1/0.34
= 2.9
or 3
Number to treat

the best NNT would be 1,
every patient with treatment benefited

no patient given control benefited



generally NNTs between 2 and 5 are indicative of
effective treatments, but NNTs of 20, 50 or 100
may be useful for prophylactic treatments, like
interventions to reduce death after heart attack

relevance of which depends on the intervention
and the consequences
Number to harm

for adverse effects, the number needed to harm
(NNH) can be calculated in exactly the same way
as an NNT

for an NNH, large numbers are obviously better
than small numbers, because that means that the
209
adverse effect occurs with less frequency
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Biostatistics 05/08/10 5:13 PM

absolute risk reduction = 54%-20% (or 0.54-0.20)

no patient given control benefited

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Peter C a Kam University of Sydney

Peter C a Kam University of Sydney

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