1 > RtecokmnusSGacsþab;&cab;BIeRbkg; 20Hz dl; 20000Hz .

kMNt;CMhanrlkén
semøgkRmit ebIel,ÓndMNalsUr 340m / s .
dMeNaHRsay
kMNt;CMhanrlkénsemøgkRmit ³
tamrUbmnþ ³ λ=
v
f
-CMhanrlkénkRmiteRbkg;Gb,brma ³ λ=
340
20
= 17m

-CMhanrlkénkRmiteRbkg;Gtibrma ³ λ' =
340
20000
−2
= 1.7 × 10 m = 1.7cm

dUcenH ³ λ = 17m , λ ' = 1.7cm

2 > sßanIy_viTüúpSayecjnUveRbkg; 760kHz edayel,ÓnrlkviTüú 3 × 10 m / s .

8

KNnaCMhanrlkénrlkviTüúenH .
dMeNaHRsay
KNnaCMhanrlkénrlkviTüúenH ³
tamrUbmnþ ³ λ=
v
f
eday ³ v = 3 × 10 m / s , f = 760kHz = 76 × 10 Hz
8 4

3 × 10
8
eyIg)n ³ λ=
76 × 10
4
= 395m

dUcenH ³ λ = 395m

3 > el,ÓnsUrkñúgTwksmuRTKW 1530m / s . KNnaCMhanrlkénsUrmYyEdlRtUv)nbnSay

kñúgTwksmuRTEdlmaneRbkg; 1800Hz .
1 eroberogeday ³ hg; sIum hak; kusl esg vuT§I
 dMeNaHRsay
KNnaCMhanrlkénsUr ³
tamrUbmnþ ³ λ=
v
f
eday ³ v = 1530m / s , f = 1800 Hz

eyIg)n ³ λ=
1530m / s
1800 Hz
= 0.85m

dUcenH ³ λ = 0.85m

4 > rlksUrmYymanCMhanrlk λ dalBImCÄdæanmYyedayel,Ón v eTAmCÄdæanmYyeTot

edayel,Ón 4v . KNnaCMhanrlkenAmCÄdæancugeRkay .
dMeNaHRsay
KNnaCMhanrlkenAmCÄdæancugeRkay ³
-enAmCÄdæanTImYy ³ f =
v
λ 1

-enAmCÄdæanTIBIr ³ f =
4v
λ2
eyIg)n ³ f =
v
λ1
=
4v
λ2
naM[ ³ λ 2 = 4λ1

dUcenH ³ λ 2 = 4λ1

5 > ExSmYymanRbEvg 5m nigmanm:as 0.52kg . eKTajsn§wgedaykmøaMg 46 N .

k > KNnael,ÓndMNalénlMj½rmYyelIExS .
x > KNnaRbEvgrlk kñúgkrNIlMj½rmaneRbkg; 400 Hz .
dMeNaHRsay
k > KNnael,ÓndMNalénlMj½rmYyelIExS ³
tamrUbmnþ ³ W = ΔK $ Fl2 = 12 mv − 0 (v = 0 ,W = Fl2 ) 2
o

naM[ ³ v=
Fl
m

2 eroberogeday ³ hg; sIum hak; kusl esg vuT§I

eday ³ l = 5m , m = 0.52kg , F = 46 N

46 × 5
eyIg)n ³ v=
0.52
= 21.03m / s

dUcenH ³ v = 21.03m / s

x > KNnaRbEvgrlk ³
tamrUbmnþ ³ λ = vf

eday ³ v = 21.03m / s , f = 400 Hz

eyIg)n ³ λ = 21.03 × 400 = 8412m

dUcenH ³ λ = 8412m

6 > RbPBlMj½rmYymansmIkarclna ³ y = 3 sin(125t + π3 ) . RbPBlMj½renHbBa¢Únrlk

dalputExSRbEvg 25m kñúgry³eBl 2.5s . KNnael,ÓndMNal xYb nigRbEvgrlk .
dMeNaHRsay
KNnael,ÓndMNal xYb nigRbEvgrlk ³
tamrUbmnþ ³ v= =
l 25m
t 2.5s
= 10m / s
π
m:üageTot ³ y = 3 sin(125t + )
3
manrag ³ y = A sin(ω t + ϕ )
o

eyIg)n ³ ω = 125 rd / s
o

2π 2π
dUcenH ³ T =
o
ω
=
125
= 0.05s
o

eyIg)n ³ λ = vT = 10m / s × 0.05s = 0.5m

o

dUcenH ³ v = 10m / s , T = 0.05s , λ = 0.5m

o

7 > ExSyWtmYymanclnaTTwgedayeRbkg; 65Hz . cMNucdMbUgRtg; O Qmnwgpascug M

sßitcm¶ay OM = 30cm BIcMNuc O . KNnael,ÓnénrlkExS .

3 eroberogeday ³ hg; sIum hak; kusl esg vuT§I

 dMeNaHRsay
KNnael,ÓnénrlkExS ³
l λ
tamrUbmnþ ³ v= =
t T
eday ³ λ = OM = 30cm = 0.30m , T = = m
1 1
f 65
eyIg)n ³ v=
0.30
1 / 65
= 0.30 × 65 = 19.50m / s

v = 19.50m / s

8 > rlkmYymansmIkar y = 5 sin 30π (t − 240 x

) Edl x , y KitCa cm nig t KitCa s .

k > KNnabmøas;TI enAxN³ t = 0s nig x = 2cm .

x > KNna xYb GMBøITut CMhanrlk el,Ónrlk nigeRbkg;rlk .
dMeNaHRsay
k > KNnabmøas;TI ³
eyIgman ³ y = 5 sin 30π (t −
x
240
)

edayenAxN³ t = 0s nig x = 2cm eyIg)n ³ y = 5 sin 30π (0 −

2
240
)
π
smmUl ³ y = 5 sin − = −3.535cm
4
dUcenH ³ y = −3.535cm

x > KNnaxYb GMBøITut CMhanrlk el,Ónrlk nigeRbkg;rlk ³

eyIgman ³ y = 5 sin 30π (t −
x
240
) = 5 sin 2π (
t x
− )
1 / 15 16
manrag ³ t x
y = A sin 2π ( − )
T λ
eyIg)n ³ A = 5cm , T = 1 / 15s , λ = 16cm

m:üageTot ³ 1
f = =
T 1 / 15
1
= 15 Hz

v = fλ = 15 × 16 = 240cm / s
dUcenH ³ A = 5cm , T = 1 / 15s , λ = 16cm , f = 15Hz , v = 240cm / s

4 eroberogeday ³ hg; sIum hak; kusl esg vuT§I

9 > rlktambeNþayExSmYymansmIkar ³ y = 0.02 sin(30t − 4.0 x)m Edl x KitCa m nig
t KitCa s . kMNt;GMBøITut el,ÓndMNal xYb eRbkg; nigCMhanrlk .

dMeNaHRsay
kMNt;GMBøITut el,ÓndMNal xYb eRbkg; nigCMhanrlk ³
eyIgman ³ 15
y = 0.02 sin(30t − 4.0 x)m = 0.02 sin 2π ( t −
π
x
2π / 4.0
)

smmUl ³ y = 0.02 sin 2π (

t
−
x
π / 15 π / 2.0
)

manrag ³ t x
y = A sin 2π ( − )
T λ
eyIg)n ³ A = 0.02m , T = π / 15s = 0.21s , λ = π / 2.0m = 1.57m

m:üageTot ³ f = =
1 1
T π / 15 π
15
= Hz = 4.78 Hz
15 π
v = fλ = × = 7.5m / s
π 2.0
dUcenH ³ A = 0.02m , T = 0.21s , λ = 1.57cm , f = 4.78Hz , v = 7.5m / s

10 > rlkénExSmYymaneRbkg; 30Hz manCMhanrlk 60cm nigGMBøITut 2mm .

sresrsmIkarrlktamRbB½n§xñatGnþrCati .
dMeNaHRsay
sresrsmIkarrlktamRbB½n§xñatGnþrCati ³
tamsmIkarrlk ³ t x
y = A sin 2π ( − )
T λ
eday ³ A = 2mm = 2 × 10 m , T = = −31
f 30
1
s , λ = 60cm = 0.6m

2π x
eyIg)n ³ y = 2 × 10 sin 2π (
−3 t
−
1 / 30 0.6
x
) = 2 × 10 sin(60π t −
−3

0.6
)
πx
smmUl ³ = 2 × 10 sin(60π t −
−3

0.3
)
πx
dUcenH ³ y = 2 × 10 sin(60π t −
−3

0.3
)m

5 eroberogeday ³ hg; sIum hak; kusl esg vuT§I

 11 > clnarlkmYyRtUv)nbgðajkñúgrUb y(cm)
cUrkMNt;GMBøITut eRbkg; nigCMhanrlk ebI 6
25
el,ÓndMNal 300m / s nigsresrsmIkar x(cm)
rlkeBlrlkdaltamG½kS Ox .
dMeNaHRsay
kMNt;GMBøITut eRbkg; nigCMhanrlk ³
tamrUbeyIg)nGMBøITuténlMeyal ³ A = 6cm

tamrUbeyIg)n ³ 5
2
λ = 25cm naM[ ³
2
λ = 25cm × = 10cm
5
eyIg)n ³ v 300m / s 30000cm / s
f = =
λ 10cm
=
10cm
= 3000 Hz

dUcenH ³ A = 6cm , f = 3000 Hz , λ = 10cm

12 >rlkmYydalecjBIRbPBO maneRbkg; f = 10Hz manel,Ón v = 1.5m / s manTisedA

tamG½kS Ox . elIG½kS Ox manbIcMNuc M , Nnig P Edl MN = 4.5cm nig NP = 12.5cm .
k > sresrsmIkarclnaRtg;cMNuc M , N nig P . eK[mMupasedIm ϕ = π3 rd enA
Rtg;cMNuc N nigmanGMBøITutefr A = 2cm .
x > etIRtg;cMNuc M nig N rlkmanlMgakpasdUcemþc ?
dMeNaHRsay
k > sresrsmIkarclnaRtg;cMNuc M , N nig P ³
tamsmIkarrlk ³ t x
y = A sin 2π ( − )
T λ
eday ³ A = 2cm = 0.02m , T = =
1
f 10
1
= 0.1s

m:üageTot ³ λ= =
v 1.5m / s
f 10 Hz
= 0.15m

πx
eyIg)n ³ y = 0.02 sin 2π (
t
−
x
0.1 0.15
) = 0.02 sin(20πt −
0.075
)

-enARtg;cMNuc N eyIgman ϕ = π3 rd ³
6 eroberogeday ³ hg; sIum hak; kusl esg vuT§I
 πx π
eyIg)n ³ y = 0.02 sin( 20πt −
N
0.075
) = 0.02 sin(20π t − )
3
π
dUcenH ³ y = 0.02 sin( 20π t − )
N
3
πx
-Rtg;cMNuc M ³ y = 0.02 sin( 20π t −
N
0.075
N
) (*)
πx π
eday ³ =
0.075 3
N
naM [ ³ x =
0.075
N
3
= 0.025m = 2.5cm

eyIg)n ³ x = x − MN = 2.5cm − 4.5cm = −2cm = −0.02m

M N

0.02π
(*) eyIg)n ³ y = 0.02 sin( 20π t +
M ) = 0.02 sin( 20π t + 0.84)
0.075
dUcenH ³ y = 0.02 sin( 20π t + 0.84)
M

πx
-Rtg;cMNuc P ³ y = 0.02 sin( 20π t −
P
0.075
)P

eday ³ x = NP + x = 12.5cm + 2.5cm = 15cm = 0.15m

P N

0.15π
eyIg)n ³ y = 0.02 sin( 20π t −
P
0.075
) = 0.02 sin(20π t − 6.28)

dUcenH ³ y = 0.02 sin( 20π t − 6.28)

P

x > tamsmIkarRtg;cMNuc M nig N eyIgsegáteXIjrlkmanlMgakpaspÞúyKña .

13 > kUntwgmYymanclnaGakm:UnikEdlmaneGLúgkasüúg x = A sin(ωt + φ ) .
sresrTMnak;TMngrvagel,Ón nigeGLúgkasüúgedayKUsRkaPicbBa¢ak; .
dMeNaHRsay
sresrTMnak;TMngrvagel,Ón nigeGLúgkasüúg ³
2
⎛x⎞
eyIgman ³ x = A sin(ωt + φ ) naM[ ³ ⎜ ⎟ = sin (ωt + φ )
⎝ A⎠
2

2
⎛ v ⎞
m:üageTot ³ v=
dx
dt
= Aω cos(ωt + φ ) naM[ ³ ⎜
⎝ Aω
⎟ = cos (ωt + φ )
⎠
2

2 2
⎛x⎞ ⎛ v ⎞
eyIg)n ³ ⎜ ⎟ +⎜ ⎟ = sin (ωt + φ ) + cos (ωt + φ ) = 1
⎝ A ⎠ ⎝ Aω ⎠
2 2

⎛ ⎞ 2
2 2
⎛x⎞ ⎛ v ⎞ v2
smmUl ³ ⎜ ⎟ = 1− ⎜
⎝ A⎠
⎟
⎝ Aω ⎠
naM[ ³ x = ⎜⎜1 − 2 2
Aω
⎟⎟ A
⎝ ⎠

7 eroberogeday ³ hg; sIum hak; kusl esg vuT§I

 2
smmUl ³ x= A − 2v
ω 2

* RkaPictag x = f (t ) nig v = f (t ) ³

tamsmIkareGLúgkasüúg x = A sin(ωt + φ ) nigsmIkarel,Ón v = dxdt = Aω cos(ωt + φ )

eyIgsegáteXIjfa el,ÓnyWtpasCaeGLúgkasüúg ¬ π2 rd ¦.
x,v
A

π
−ϕ
2
ϕ
O t

−A

14 > vtßúmYymanm:as m = 1.0 g RtUv)ncgBüÜrnwgrWus½rEdlmanefrkMr:aj k = 400 N / m .

cUrsresrsmIkareBlkñúgkrNIxageRkam ³
k > enAxN³ t = 0 enaH x = 5.0cm , v = 1.0m / s .
x > enAxN³ t = 0 enaH x = −4.0cm , v = −8.0m / s .
dMeNaHRsay
sresrsmIkareBl ³
tamsmIkarlMeyalRtg; ³ x = A sin(ω t + ϕ )
2π
eday ³ ω=
T
=
k
m
Et ³ −3
m = 1.0 g = 10 kg , k = 400 N / m

eyIg)n ³ ω=
400
10
= 632rd / s
−3

v2 v2
m:üageTot ³ x= A2 −
ω2
$ A = x2 +
ω2

8 eroberogeday ³ hg; sIum hak; kusl esg vuT§I

k > enAxN³ t = 0 enaH x = 5.0cm , v = 1.0m / s eyIg)n ³
1.0 2
A = (5.0 × 10 − 2 ) 2 + = 5 × 10 − 2 m = 5.0cm
632 2
m:üageTot ³ 5.0 = 5.0 sin(ω × 0 + ϕ ) $ ϕ = π2 rd
π
dUcenH ³ x = 5.0 sin(632 t + )cm
2
x > enAxN³ t = 0 enaH x = −4.0cm , v = −8.0m / s eyIg)n ³
−2 2 − 8.0 2
A = (−4.0 × 10 ) + 2
= 4.2 × 10 − 2 m = 4.2cm
632
− 4.0 π
m:üageTot ³ − 4.0 = 4.2 sin(ω × 0 + ϕ ) $
sin ϕ =
4.2
= −0.952 = sin(−
2.5
)
π
smmUl ³ ϕ=−
2.5
rd
π
dUcenH ³ x = 4.2 sin(632 t −
2.5
)cm

15 > rlkTTwgmYymansmIkarclna y = 0.2 sin(0.5t − 0.04 x) Edl x, y KitCa m nig t

KitCa s .
k > tamsmIkarxagelIcUrkMNt; xYb eRbkg; nigCMhanrlkénclna .
x > KNna y enAxN³ t = 0s ebI x = 10m .
dMeNaHRsay
k > kMNt;xYb eRbkg; nigCMhanrlkénclna ³
eyIgman ³ y = 0.2 sin(0.5t − 0.04 x) $ y = 0.2 sin( 02.π4πt − 02.08
πx
π
)

smmUl ³ y = 0.2 sin 2π (

t
−
0.4π 0.08π
x
)

manrag ³ t x
y = A sin 2π ( − )
T λ
eyIg)n ³ T = 0.4π s = 1.256s , λ = 0.08π m = 0.25m

m:üageTot ³ f = =
1
T 1.256
1
= 0.80 Hz

dUcenH ³ T = 1.256 s , λ = 0.25m , f = 0.80 Hz

9 eroberogeday ³ hg; sIum hak; kusl esg vuT§I

x > KNna y ³
eyIgman ³ y = 0.2 sin(0.5t − 0.04 x)

eday ³ t = 0 s , x = 13m

eyIg)n ³ y = 0.2 sin[(0.5 × 0) − 0.04 × 10)] = 7.79 × 10 −2 m = 7.79cm

dUcenH ³ y = 7.79cm

66666
666

10 eroberogeday ³ hg; sIum hak; kusl esg vuT§I

11 eroberogeday ³ hg; sIum hak; kusl esg vuT§I