Special verbs

[The following verbs are called special verbs because they can be used with ‘NOT’]

am, is, are, was, were, has, have, had, shall, should,
will, would, may, might, can, could,
do, does, did, ought to, must, dare, need.

Auxiliary verbs
S. Present Past
Subject
no Singular Plural Singular Plural
1st person Am, Have, Do, Are, Have, Do, Was, Had, Did, Were, Had, Did,
1 I (singular) Shall, Will, Shall, Will, Should, Would, Should, Would,
We (plural) Can, May Can, May Could, Might Could, Might
2nd person
Are, Have, Do, Are, Have, Do Were, Had, Did, Were, Had, Did,
You
2 Shall, Will, Shall, Will, Should, Would, Should, Would,
(singular & Can, May Can, May Could, Might Could, Might
plural)
3rd person
He, she, it Is, has, Does, Are, Have, Do Was, had, Did, Were, Had, Did,
3 (singular) shall, will Shall, Will, should, Would, Should, Would,
They Can, may Can, May could, might Could, Might
(plural)

A Bird’s eye view of tenses and voices

Model sentence : Nandini writes a novel
Perfect
Tense Voice Simple Continuous Perfect
Continuous
Nandini has
Nandini writes Nandini is Nandini has
Active been writing a
a novel writing a novel written a novel
Present novel
A novel is A novel is being A novel has been
[No passive
Passive written by written by written by
Nandini Nandini Nandini voice ]
Nandini had
Nandini wrote a Nandini was Nandini had
Active been writing a
novel writing a novel written a novel
Past novel
A novel was A novel was A novel had been
[No passive
Passive written by being written written by
Nandini by Nandini Nandini voice ]
Nandini Nandini Nandini will/shall Nandini will/
Active will/shall write will/shall be have written a shall have been
Future a novel writing a novel novel writing a novel
A novel will/ A novel will/shall
[No passive [No passive
Passive shall be written have been written
by Nandini voice ] by Nandini voice ]
104 Book of Verbs