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2010 Physics Definition Form 5 Phoenix

Chapter 1 17. Resonance occurs when a system is made to oscillate at a frequency to its
natural frequency by an external force. The resonating system oscillates at its
1. Amplitude of the oscillation is the maximum displacement from the mean
maximum amplitude
position
18. Wave – A process of transferring energy from one location to another which
2. Antinode – A point where constructive interference occurs
is produced by an oscillating or vibrating system.
3. Coherent waves – Waves having the same wavefront in where the frequency
19. Wavefront – An imaginary line that joins all identical points on a wave
and wavelength is the same and maintain a constant phase difference
20. Wavelength – The distance between two successive equivalent points on a
4. Damping in an oscillating system occurs when the system loses energy to the
waves
surrounding, usually in the form of heat energy
5. Diffraction of waves – A phenomenon that refers the spreading out of waves Chapter 2
when they move through a gap or round an obstacle
1. Electric current – The rate of charge flow in a circuit ( )
6. Electromagnetic waves are propagating waves in space with electric and
magnetic components that oscillate at right angles to each other. 2. Electric field – A region in which an electric charge experiences an electric
force
7. Electromagnetic spectrum – Range of frequencies and wavelengths over
which electromagnetic waves are propagated 3. Electric power – The rate of electrical energy dissipated or transformed
4. Electrical energy – The energy carried by electrical charges which can be
8. Frequency is the number of complete oscillations made per second
9. Interference of waves – The result of combination of two separate sets of transformed to other forms of energy by the operation of an electrical device
or appliance
waves with the same frequency
10. Longitudinal waves – A wave in which the particles of the medium oscillates 5. Electromotive force (e.m.f) – The work done by a source in driving a unit
charge around a complete circuit
in the direction parallel to the direction in which the wave moves
11. Transverse wave – A wave in which the particles of the medium oscillate in 6. Internal resistance – The resistance against the moving charge due to the
electrolyte in the cell
the direction perpendicular to the direction in which the wave moves
12. Node – A point where destructive interference occurs 7. Parallel circuit – A circuit where all the electrical components are connected
side by side and their corresponding ends are joined together to a cell to form
13. Period – The time taken to complete one oscillation
14. Principle of superposition states that at any time, the combined wave form separate and parallel paths for a current to flow
8. Potential difference – The work done in moving one coulomb of charge from
of two or more interfering waves is given by the sum of displacement of the
individual wave at each point of the medium one point to another
9. Resistance – The ratio of a potential difference to a current flowing through a
15. Reflection of waves occurs when all or part of the waves are deflected after
they encounter an obstacle or reflector conductor
10. Series circuit – A circuit where all the electrical components are connected
16. Refraction of waves occurs when there is a change of direction of the
propagation of waves travelling from a medium to another due to a change of one end after the other to a cell to form a single pathway for a current to flow
11. Efficiency – The percentage of the input energy that is transformed into
speed
useful energy
2010 Physics Definition Form 5 Phoenix
Chapter 3 5. Diode – A device that allows current to flow in one direction only
6. Doping – The process of adding certain impurities called dopants to
1. Alternating current – A current which flows to and fro in two opposite
semiconductors to increase their conductivity
direction in a circuit and changes its direction periodically
7. Forward biased – A state when diode allows current to flow
2. Direct current – A current that flows steadily in one direction only in a circuit
8. Full-wave rectification – A process where both halves of every cycle of an
3. Electromagnet – A magnet made by winding a coil of insulated wire round a
alternating current is made to flow in the same direction
soft iron core, so that a magnetic field is produced when a current is passed
9. Half-wave rectification – A process where only one half of every cycle of an
through the coil
alternating current is made to flow in one direction only
4. Electromagnetic induction – The setting up of an electromotive force in a
10. Logic gate – consists of many transistors which acts as fast electronic switches
conductor due to a change in magnetic flux caused by the relative motion of
11. Rectification – A process to convert an alternating current into a direct
the conductor and a magnetic field
current by using diode or diodes
5. Faraday’s Law – The magnitude of the induced emf is directly proportional to
12. Reverse biased – A state when a diode does not allow current to flow
the rate of change of magnetic flux or the rate of cutting of the magnetic flux
13. Semiconductor – A material which can conduct electricity better than
6. Lenz’s Law – The direction of the induced current is such that the change
insulator but not as well as conductor
producing it will be opposed
14. Thermionic emission – The emission of electrons from a hot metal surface
7. Magnetic force – A force produced as a result of the combination of the
15. Transistor – An electronic device which has three terminals labeled as base
magnetic field due to a current and another magnetic field produced by a
collector and emitter combination of p-type and n-type semiconductors
permanent magnet
8. National Grid Network – A network system of cables which connects all the Chapter 5
power stations and substations in the country to the consumers in a closed
network to transmit electricity 1. Alpha decay – A radioactive decay which emits an alpha particle
2. Alpha particle – Helium nucleus emitted by an unstable nucleus
9. Transformer – A device which steps up or steps down alternating current
voltages 3. Beta decay – A radioactive decay which emits a beta particle
4. Beta particle – High energy electron emitted by an unstable nucleus
Chapter 4 5. Chain reaction – A self-sustaining reaction in which the products of a reaction
can initiate another similar reaction
1. Base/collector/emitter current – The current that flows through the 6. Gamma decay – A radioactive decay which emits a gamma ray photon
base/collector/emitter terminal of a transistor 7. Gamma rays – Electromagnetic waves with high frequency with short
2. Capacitor – A device used for storing charges and to smooth out output wavelength
current in a rectifier circuit 8. Half-life – The time taken for the number of undecayed nuclei to be reduced
3. Cathode rays – A beam of negatively charged electrons that move at high to half of its original number
speed 9. Isotopes – Atoms of an element which have the same proton number but
4. Cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO) – An instrument that converts electronic and different nucleon numbers
electrical signals to a visual display
2010 Physics Definition Form 5 Phoenix
10. Nuclear energy – Energy released by a nuclear reaction as a result of a mass
defect
11. Nuclear fission – The splitting of a heavy nucleus into two lighter nuclei
12. Nuclear fusion – The combining of two lighter nuclei to form a heavier
nucleus
13. Nucleus – A very small core of an atom which contains most of the mass and
all the positive charge of the atom
14. Radioactivity – Spontaneous and random disintegration of an unstable
nucleus accompanied by the emission of energetic particles
15. Radioisotopes – Unstable isotopes which decay and give out radioactive
emissions

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