SPEAK THE OLDEST LANGUAGE ON OUR PLANET.

FIRST DAY Synopsis SAARAAMSHAH ± PRATHAMAM DINAM § ¤«« Q¦« |

Pronouns & Nouns Questions Verbs Notions & Indeclinables Others
«« ¦« I«? A ±£ A« ¦ ›¦« |
N. £® H£± £± ¦± I±? ›Ÿ £ § £g §g¦
M. ª®£ H£± £± ©¬± I±? H®« I Ÿ£ Ig¬ II |
F. ª®£ H£± £± ©¬ I±? §"#£ § £
A §? D§  AÎ £Î g¦I± ¬yª |
. ®?
RELATIVE / POSSESSIVE / PRESENT TENSE
GENITIVE CASE SINGULAR SINGULAR
Preposition – ‘of’ / 's
my name What? is yes no Counting.
N. your of this of that vehicle's Whose? goes but again (Numericals)
M. your his of him boy's Whose? thus a little A smart crow
F. your her of her girl's Whose? completely around
is it ? upon here. there A dog's greed

Mama naama kim? asti aam na Gananam

N. tava etasya tasya yaanasya kasya? gacchati param tu punah

M. bhavatah etasya tasya baalasya kasya? evam kinchit Kushalah Kakah

F. bhavatyaah etasyaah tasyaah baalaayaah kasyaah? poornatah paritah

api? upari atra. tatra Shunakasya lobhah

va?
 SPEAK THE OLDEST LANGUAGE ON THIS PLANET EARTH.
FIRST DAY Syllabus PAATHA-BINDAVAH §M ©¦Q® § ¤« Q¦« |
1. NOUN ¦« NEUTER MASCULINE FEMININE .

'Of ' / ‘s ¦±

vehicle’s yaanasya boy’s baalasya ©¬± girl’s baalaayaah ©¬
Londonasya ¬¦Q¦± Johnasya John- ± Monica-yaah Monica- 
2. PRONOUNS My mama «« My mama «« My mama ««
of this of this thing etasya H£± this man's etasya H£± this woman’s etasyaah H£±
of that of that thing tasya £± of that man tasya £± her tasyaah £±
your tava £® bhavatah ª®£ bhavatyaah ª®£
3. INTERROGATIVES
(for asking questions)
'Of whom' Of which? kasya? I± ? Of whom? kasya? I± ? Of whom? kasyaah? I± ?
What? Kim? I« ?
Does it ? api ? A § ?
Is it ? va? ® ?

4. VERBS Denote actions. See the table of verbs for the meanings.
Is asti A ±£ likes aicchati BŸ £ sees pashyati § £ there isn’t naasti ¦ ±£
 goes gacchati ›Ÿ £ thinks chintayati Ÿ¦£ £ runs dhaavati ¥® £ takes sveekaroti ±®+Iy £
comes aagacchati A›Ÿ £ drops akshipati ,§ £ does / makes karoti Iy £ drinks pibati §© £
5. INDECLINABLES
(denote notions) Yes No But Again Upon
A ¦ § £g §g¦ D§ 
aam na param tu punah upari

Correct Okay / That's right A little Thus Around

±«I ±«+Ÿ+¦« I Ÿ£ H® § £
samyak sameecheenam kinchit evam paritah

6. VOCABULARY Counting ›¦« | gananam.

Counting in Sanskrit. FROM HI« (1) ekam TO Q (10) dasha.

7. Story 1. A smart crow. 2. A dog's greed .

I¤ 1. HI Ig¬ II | 2. g¦I± ¬yª |
Kathaa 1. Ekah kushalah kaakah. 2. Shunakasya lobhah.

8. Game - Kreedaa 1. 0+1 ¦ °Õ ±š | 1. Nishiddha sankhyaa Prohibited number

2. ±š §¬¬5« | 2. Sankhyaa pallatam Numerical substitution.

9. Song - ›+£« | «¦± ±££« . . . . Manasaa satatam smaraneeyam . .
FIRST DAY LESSONS IN DETAIL PATHAAH VISTARENA §M ®±£y | § ¤«« Q¦« |
1. NOUNS and
2. PRONOUNS in GENITIVE / POSSESSIVE / RELATIVE CASE, SINGULAR FORMATIONS:
with Its £± tasya , His £± tasya and Her £± tasyaah
and 3. INTERROGATIVES
Asking questions. E.g. 'Of which?' I±? kasya?, 'whose?' I±? kasya? and 'whose?' I±? kasya? as used in the following:

Introducing people - § Ÿ  PARICHAYAH

Your name, please? ª®£ ¦« , I7§ ? BHAVATAH NAAMA , KRPAYAA ?

My name is John. «« ¦« A ±£ John | MAMA NAAMA ASTI JOHN.
What is your name, sir? I A ±£ ª®£ ¦«, Ú+«¦ ? KIM ASTI BHAVATAH NAAMA , SHRIMAN?
What is your name, madam ? I A ±£ ª®£ ¦«, «¦y ? KIM ASTI BHAVATYAAH NAAMA , MAANYE?
My name is Mary. «« ¦« A ±£ Mary | MAMA NAAMA ASTI Mary.
What is this man's name? I A ±£ H£± ¦« ? KIM ASTI ETASYA NAAMA?
This man's name is Edward. H£± ¦« A ±£ Edward | ETASYA NAAMA ASTI Edward.
What is this woman's name? I A ±£ H£± ¦« ? KIM ASTI ETASYAAH NAAMA?
This woman's name is Juliet. H£± ¦« A ±£ Juliet | ETASYAAAH NAAMA ASTI Juliet
What is his name? I A ±£ £± ¦« ? KIM ASTI TASYA NAAMA?
His name is James. £± ¦« A ±£ James | TASYA NAAMA ASTI James.
What is her name? I A ±£ £± ¦« ? KIM ASTI TASYAAH NAAMA?
Her name is Jill. £± ¦« A ±£ Jill | TASYAAH NAAMA ASTI Jill.
Whose name is John ? I± ¦« A ±£ John ? KASYA NAAMA ASTI John?
Whose name is Mary? I± ¦« A ±£ Mary ? KASYAAH NAAMA ASTI Mary?
Is your name John? A § ª®£ ¦« John ? API BHAVATAH NAAMA John?
Yes. My name is John. A« | «« ¦« A ±£ John | AAM | MAMA NAAMA ASTI John.
Is your name Juliet? A § ª®£ ¦« Juliet ? API BHAVATYAAH NAAMA Juliet?
No. My name is Anna. ¦ | «« ¦« A ±£ Anna | NA | MAMA NAAMA ASTI Anna

Introducing people - § Ÿ  PARICHAYAH .

Your name, again? ª®£ / ª®£ ¦« , §g¦ ? BHAVATAH / BHAVATYAAH NAAMA , PUNAH?

But my name is Lata. § £g «« ¦« A ±£ Lata | PARAM TU MAMA NAAMA ASTI Lata.

Your name, sir? ª®£ ¦« , Ú+«¦ ? BHAVATAH NAAMA , SRIMAN ?

Your name, lady? ª®£ ¦« , «¦y ? BHAVATYAAH NAAMA , MAANYE?

What is your house's name? I A ±£ ª®£ / ª®£ ›7:± ¦« ? KIM ASTI BHAVATAH / BHAVATYAAH GRHASYA NAAMA?
What is the name of your vehicle? I ¦« A ±£ ª®£ / ª®£ ¦± ? KIM NAAMA ASTI BHAVATAH / BHAVATYAA YAANASYA?

What is your dog's name? I A ±£ ª®£ / ª®£ g¦I± ¦« ? KIM ASTI BHAVATAH / BHAVATYAAH SHUNAKASYA NAAMA?

VERBS relate to actions.

Vehicle goes. ¦ ›Ÿ £ | YAANAM GACCHATI.

Boy goes. ©¬ ›Ÿ £ | BAALAH GACCHATI.

Girl goes. ©¬ ›Ÿ £ | BAALAA GACCHATI.

For the details of verbs we use in a day and their meanings, see the table provided seperately.
For 5. INDECLINABLES (These are those words which denote some notion like the prepositions and conjunctions)

and for 6. VOCABULARY, please study the following stories :

7. STORY I¤ Kathaa - STORY OF A CROW - I¤ II± | Kathaa kaakasya.

VOCABULARY FOR THE STORY

A HI Again §g¦ And / As well £¤ Around § £ / ±«+§y But § £g Comes A›Ÿ £ Completely §"#£
Crow II Drops ,§ £ Goes ›Ÿ £ Is A ±£ Is there? A § A ±£ £Î ? Jug œ5 A little I Ÿ£

Pebble / Stone ¬-š1 Picks up / Takes ›7á £ / ±®+Iy £ Sand ±zI£« Smart Ig¬ There £Î

Thinks Ÿ¦£ £ Thirsty £7 °£ Thus H® Up D§  Wants BŸ £ Water ¡¬« Yes A«

A crow is thirsty. The crow wants water. A jug is around. The crow goes there. Is there water? Yes; but only a little. There is sand around the jug. The crow
thinks. He picks up a pebble. He comes and drops into the jug. The water comes up a little. The crow goes again, takes a stone, comes and drops again.
Again water comes up. The crow goes, takes, comes and drops. He does thus again and again. Water comes up completely. The crow drinks water. The crow
is smart.
HI II A ±£ £7 °£ | II BŸ £ ¡¬« | HI œ5 A ±£ § £ | II ›Ÿ £ £Î | A § A ±£ £Î ¡¬« ? A« ; § £g
A ±£ I Ÿ£ ¡¬« | £Î A ±£ ±zI£ § £ œ5± | II Ÿ¦£ £ | II ›7á £ HI ¬-š1« | II A›Ÿ £ , £¤
,§ £ œ5y | ¡¬ A›Ÿ £ D§  I Ÿ£ | II ›Ÿ £ §g¦ , ±®+Iy £ ¬-š1 , A›Ÿ £ , £¤ ,§ £ §g¦ | §g¦ ¡¬
A›Ÿ £ D§  | II ›Ÿ £ , ±®+Iy £ , A›Ÿ £ £¤ ,§ £ | II Iy £ H® §g¦ £¤ §g¦ | ¡¬ A›Ÿ £ D§  §"#£ |
II §© £ ¡¬« | II A ±£ Ig¬ ||
Ekah kaakah asti trshitah. Kaakah icchati jalam. Ekah ghatah asti paritah. Kaakah gacchati tatra. Api asti tatra jalam? Aam; param tu asti
kinchit jalam. Tatra asti saikatam paritah ghatasya. Kaakah chintayati. Kaakah grnhaati ekam shilaa-khandam. Kaakah aagacchati, tathaa
kshipati ghate. Jalam aagacchati upari kinchit. Kaakah gacchati punah, sveekaroti shilaa-khandam, aagacchati, tathaa kshipati punah. Punah
jalam aagacchati upari. Kaakah gacchati, sveekaroti, aagacchati tathaa kshipati. Kaakah karoti evam punah tathaa punah. Jalam aagacchati
upari poornatah. Kaakah pibati jalam. Kaakah asti kushalah.
STORY I¤ Kathaa The greed of a dog - ¬yª g¦I± | - Lobhah Sunakasya.
Vocabulary for the story

Alas!:¦£ ! Around § £ As well / Also A § Away Q"« Barking›¡#¦« Barks ›¡# £
Becomes ª® £ Bread-piece §ÝI-š1 Bridge ±y£g Cause I« Destruction ¦ Dog g¦I

Down A¥ Greed ¬yª Hears 7y £ Hungry ,g ¥£ Looks § £ Mine / My ««

Runs ¥® £ There £Î Up / Upon D§  Water ¡¬«

There is a dog. The dog is hungry. He looks, - there is a bread-piece. He picks up that. He looks around. He goes away. There is a bridge. He goes up on that.
He looks around again. He looks down. He looks, - there is a dog (and) a bread-piece of him as well! He wants his bread-piece as well. He thinks, - "Should
he hear my barking, he will run away; his bread-piece as well becomes mine”. He barks. Alas! His bread falls down. Thus greed is the cause of loss.

HI A ±£ g¦I | ± g¦I A ±£ ,g ¥£ | ± § £ , - £Î A ±£ HI §ÝI-š1 | ± ±®+Iy £ ££ | ± § £ § £ |
± ›Ÿ £ Q"« | £Î A ±£ HI ±y£g | ± ›Ÿ £ D§  £± | ± § £ § £ §g¦ | ± § £ A¥ | ± § £ , - £Î A ±£
HI g¦I, §ÝI-š1 £± A § | ± BŸ £ £± §ÝI-š1 A § | ± Ÿ¦£ £ , " A § ± 7y £ «« ›¡#¦ , ± ¥® £
Q"« ; £± §ÝI-š1 A § ª® £ «« " B £ | ± ›¡# £ | :¦£ ! £± §ÝI-š1 §£ £ A¥ | H® ¬yª ª® £ I
¦± ||
Ekah asti shunakah. Sah shunakah asti kshudhitah. Sah pashyati, - tatra asti ekah pishtaka-khandah. Sah sveekaroti tat. Sah pashyati
paritah. Sah gacchati dooram. Tara asti ekah setuh. Sah gacchati upari tasya. Sah pashyati paritah punah. Sah pashyati adhah. Sah pashyati,
- tatra asti ekah shunakah, pishtaka-khandah tasya api! Sah icchati tasya pishtaka-khandam api. Sah chintayati, “Api sah shrnoti mama
garjanam, sah dhaavati dooram; tasya pishtaka-khandah api bhavati mama” iti. Sah garjati. Hanta! Tasya pishtaka-khandah patati adhah.
Evam lobhah bhavati kaaranam naashasya.

Suggestion – Expression with a familiar word (of approximate meaning, and need not be an exact word) is the beginning and the right step in translating.

8. NUMBER GAME ±š-0+1 |

Every player tells a number (from one) in order. But nobody should tell the prohibited number.
 § £yI 0+1-§5g ®Q £ ±š 0« | § £g ¦ ®Q £ ¦ °Õ-±š« |
pratyekah kreedaa-patuh vadati sankhyaam kramashah. Param tu na vadati nishiddha-sankhyaam.

If any player says the forbidden number by mistake, that player gets out.
 Q HI 0+1§5g ®Q £ ¦ °Õ-±š A¦®¥¦£ , ± 0+1§5g ª® £ A§›£ |
Yadi ekah kreedaa-patuh vadati nishiddha-sankhyaam anavadhaanatah, sah kreedaa-patuh bhavati apagatah.

9. Sanskrit Song - SAMSKRTA GEETAM ±±I7£ ›+£« | Manasaa satatam smaraneeyam . .

REVISION : - Anuvartanam - A¦g®£#¦«
EXERCISES - ABHYAASAAH Aª± |
SOME EXAMPLES GIVEN IN THE FOLLOWING EXERCISES LIKE ‘FILL IN THE BLANKS’, ‘CORRECT THE ERRORS’, ‘EXPAND
THE SENTENCES’, ‘REPLACE / SUBSITUTE’ ETC. MAY NOT BE FOUND IN THE REGULAR SYLLABUSES OR IN THE LESSONS
IN DETAIL; BUT THEIR ACQUAINTANCE IS USEFUL IN THOROUGHLY UNDERSTANDING EACH LESSON.

FIRST DAY. Prathamam dinam. E X E R C I S E S - ABHYAASAAH - Aª± |

READ THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES:
MARIA-yaah sutaa asti SOPHIA. Kasyaah sutaa asti SOPHIA? «« ¦« A ±£ Julia. ª®£ ¦« , I7§ ?
TRANSLATE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO ENGLISH:
Api tasya naam asti HENRY? II BŸ £ ¡¬«
TRANSLATE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO SAMSKRIT:
MY NAME IS JOHN. WHAT IS YOUR NAME? Mama naama asti Vahini. Kim asti bhavatah grhasya naama?

FILL IN THE BLANK SPACES WITH SANSKRIT WORDS:

. . . patnee asti CLEOPATRA? . . . patih asti ANTHONY?
Juleka-yaah ... asti Laila. BOB-sya sahodarah ... TIM. . . . sahodarah asti BOB
 VERBS
TRANSLATE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO SAMSKRIT. THEN REPLACE THE VERBS BY OTHER VERBS
I GO. HENRY GOES. HELEN GOES. I COME. MICHAEL COMES.

WRITE THE FOLLOWING STORY USING THE DEVANAGARI SCRIPT : kathaa - buddhimaan kaakah.
ekah kaakah asti trshitah. . . . . .

NARRATE THE TWO FOLLOWING STORIES IN YOUR OWN SIMPLE SAMSKRIT

1) A THIRSTY CROW WANTS WATER. HE LOOKS AROUND. HE LOOKS TO HIS LEFT, TO RIGHT. THERE IS NO WATER.
2) STORY – kathaa : A STUPID DOG - Moorkhah shunakah.

PREPARE YOUR VOCABULARY FOR THESE STORIES AS FOLLOWING AND ALONG WITH THEIR SANSKRIT EQUIVALENTS:
AND BARK BREAD CAUSE DOG FOREST GREED RIVER

A HUNGRY DOG SEES BREAD. HE TAKES THE BREAD AND GOES . . . . . Message = GREED IS THE CAUSE OF LOSS.

GIVE THE SANSKRIT WORDS FOR AND REARRANGE THEM IN COUNTING ORDER NINE, TWO, FIVE, ZERO, SIX , ONE

TRANSLATE INTO ENGLISH pancha dve nava ashta shoonyam dve

MEMORISE THE SANSKRIT EQUIVALENT WORD FOR THE FOLLOWING

MY YOUR HIS HER WHOSE NAME WHAT THERE
WHERE WANTS LOOKS SEES GOES TAKES PICKS UP

PLAY THE FOLLOWING GAME kreedaa - nishiddha sankhyaa. The game of PROHIBITED NUMBERS.
E.g. COUNT FROM 1 TO 25 IN SAMSKRIT AVOIDING THE MULTIPLES OF 3 AND 5.
E.g. CLAP FOR THE MULTIPLES OF THREE AND SAY "OM" IN THE PLACES OF THE MULTIPLES OF FIVE.
ASK YOUR FRIENDS ALSO TO JOIN IN THIS GAME. HAVE ADDITIONAL PROHIBITED NUMBERS OR MORE PROHIBITED NUMBERS
WHICH ADD MORE TRICKS INTO THE GAME AND ENHANCE THE FUN THERE.

REVISE and WRITE ALL THE SANSKRIT WORDS YOU KNOW NOW.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

FOR THOSE WHO CAN TAKE MORE! MATERIAL FOR FURTHER STUDY
Praarthanaa Kantha-pathaartham – PRAYER TO MEMORISE
Tvam-eva maataa cha pitaa tvam-eva tvam-eva bandhush-cha sakhaa tvam-eva ;
Tvam-eva vidya dravinam tvam-eva tvam-eva sarvam mama deva deva .
Meaning - YOU ONLY (ARE) MOTHER, ALSO (MY) FATHER YOU ONLY; YOU ONLY ALL OF MINE, OH LORD, (MY) LORD.

1. Shlokah kantha-paathaartham : Sanskrit Verse 1: For memorisation

yasya naasti svayam-prajnaa shaastram tasya karoti kim?

netra-dvaya-viheenasya darpanah kim karishyati !!
Meaning - For whom there is no self-thinking (i.e. common sense), scriptures can do what (help)?
For the one who is without both the eyes, mirror can do what (help)?

2. Shlokah arthah cha : Verse and meaning 2

kaakah krishnah pikah krishnah kah bhedah samaana-varnah
vasanta-kaale sampraapte, kaakah kaakah , pikah pikah!
Meaning – “A CROW IS BLACK, A CUCKOO IS (ALSO) BLACK, WHAT DIFFERENCE IS THERE, (WHILE) THEY ARE OF SAME COLOUR; (HOWEVER) THE SPRING
ONCOMING (YOU SEE), A CROW IS (IDENTIFIED AS BUT) A CROW, (WHERE AS), A CUCKOO IS (RECOGNISED AS) A CUCKOO!”

3. Shloka 3 :
sukhasya duhkhasya na cha-asti daataa
aham karomeeti vrtha-abhimaanah
anyah karoteeti kubudhhir-eshaa
sva-karma-sootra-grathito hi lokah.
“ NO BODY CAN CAUSE HAPPINESS OR MISERY TO ANY OTHER PERSON;
THINKING I DONE IT' IS ONLY A MATTER OF (FALSE) PRIDE;
BLAMING OTHERS AS THE EVIL-DOERS IS ALSO A WICKED THOUGHT;
IN REALITY, THE ENTIRE WORLD IS KNITTED WITH ITS OWN KARMA”.

4. Shloka 4 :
hastasya bhooshanam daanam , satyam kanthasya bhooshanam
shrotrasya bhooshanam shaastram , bhooshane kim prayojanam?!
“ THE ORNAMENT OF HANDS IS CHARITY-GIVING;
THE ORNAMENT OF THROAT IS SPEAKING THE TRUTH.
THE ORNAMENT OF EARS IS LISTENING TO THE SCRIPTURES;
(OTHER THAN THESE ) WHAT USE IS THERE IN THE ORNAMENTS?!