3.

ESFUERZOS EN TAMBORES DE PARED DELGADA

Con presión interna o externa

Se considera pared delgada si el espesor t es inferior a la décima de parte del radio.

r
t≤
10
r
t≤
10

La fuerza que ejerce la presión en una dirección determinada es igual al producto de la

presión por el área proyectada.

Fy = p ⋅ d ⋅ l

Luego:

Fy p ⋅d ⋅l
σθ = =
2⋅t ⋅l 2⋅t ⋅l
 p⋅d
σθ = Esfuerzo circunferencial.
2⋅t

π ⋅d2
Fx = p
4

Fx p ⋅π ⋅ d 2
σφ = =
π ⋅ d ⋅ t 4 ⋅π ⋅ d ⋅ t

p⋅d
σφ =
4⋅t

σ θ = 2 ⋅σ φ Esfuerzo axial
Si se trata de un cascaron esférico.

π ⋅d2
Fx = p ⋅
4

Fx p ⋅π ⋅ d 2
σφ = σθ = =
π ⋅ d ⋅ t 4 ⋅π ⋅ d ⋅ t

p⋅d
σφ = σθ =
4⋅t

3.6 Esfuerzos en anillos en giro

Conocida la velocidad angular ω .

La fuerza centrífuga radial, aplicada sobre la unidad de casquete de manto cilíndrico, se

puede considerar como una presión equivalente a la del caso anterior.

v2
dFradial = dm ⋅ = dm ⋅ ω 2 ⋅ r
r

dA = r ⋅ l ⋅ dθ

dm = t ⋅ ρ ⋅ dA

dFr
pe =
dA
 r ⋅ l ⋅ t ⋅ ρ ⋅ dθ ⋅ ω 2 ⋅ r
pe =
r ⋅ l ⋅ dθ

pe = t ⋅ ρ ⋅ ω 2 ⋅ r pe = t ⋅ ρ ⋅ ω 2 ⋅ r

σφ = 0 σφ = 0
pe ⋅ d ρ ⋅ ω 2 ⋅ r ⋅ 2 ⋅ r
σθ = =
2⋅t 2
pe ⋅ d t ⋅ ρ ⋅ ω 2 ⋅ r ⋅ d
σθ = =
2⋅t 2⋅ t

d = 2⋅r d = 2⋅r

pe ⋅ d ρ ⋅ ω 2 ⋅ r ⋅ 2 ⋅ r
σθ = =
2⋅t 2

σ θ = ρ ⋅ (ω ⋅ r )
2

3.7 Llantas o anillos montados a presión (ensanchado)

Si d e > Di , se produce apriete suponiendo deformación elástica.

∆l σ
=
l E

σ 2 ⋅ π ( r + ∆r ) − r 
=
E 2 ⋅π ⋅ r

Considerando la interfase.

∆r σ
=
r E

Por ley de Hooke

∆R σ b ∆r σ a
(1) = (2) =
R Eb re Ea
Por geometría

D − Di de − D
(3) ∆R = (4) ∆r =
2 2

Por esfuerzos ∆R, ∆r ,σ a ,σ b , D

2 ⋅ t ⋅σ
p=
d

(5)
( De − di )σ b = ( de − di )σ a
( De + di ) ( d e + di )
2 2

Tenemos 5 incógnitas ∆R, ∆r , σ a ,σ b , D

Ejemplo:

Anillo a =Acero Ea = 2,1⋅106  kgf / cm 2 

di = 181[ mm ]
d e = 201[ mm ]

b = Cu Eb = 1, 25 ⋅106  kgf / cm 2 
Di = 200 [ mm ]
De = 210 [ mm ]

D − Di D − 20
∆R = =
2 20

d e − D 20,1 − D
∆r = =
2 2

∆R σ b D − 20 σb
= ⇒ =
R Eb 2 ⋅100 1, 25 ⋅106

∆r σ a 20,1⋅ D σa
= ⇒ =
re Ea 20,1 2,1⋅106
2⋅
2

De − Di d − di
⋅σ b = e ⋅σ a
De + di d e + di
21,0 − 20 ( D − 20 ) 20,1 − 18,1 ( 20,1 − D )
1, 25 ⋅106 = 2,1 ⋅106
21,0 + 20 200 20,1 + 18,1 20,1

D = 20,032 [ cm ]
σ a = 900  kgf / cm 2 
σ b = 1940  kgf / cm 2 