Sub-station”
Sanjay Chatterjee
27th April 2008 Srex Power India Private Limited
Includes
Design Process
Design considerations
Question / Answer
Imp. considerations in substation design
Ease of maintenance
Possibility to Expand
System parameters
Sr. Description 400kV 220kV
1. Nominal system voltage 400kV 220kV
2. Max. operating voltage 420kV 245kV
3. Rated frequency 50Hz 50Hz
4. Number of phases 3 3
5. System neutral earthing Effectively earthed
6. Corona Extinction voltage 320kV 156kV
7. Min. creepage distance 25mm/kV 25mm/kV
8. Rated short ckt. Current for 1 sec. 40kA 40kA
10. Radio interference voltage at 1MHZ (for 1000 mV 1000 mV
phase to earth voltage) (320kV) (156kV)
System parameters Contd..
Sr. Description 400kV 220kV Remarks
11. Rated insulation levels
i) Full wave impulse
withstand voltage
-- for lines 1550kVp 1050kVp
-- for reactor/ X’mer 1300kVp 950kVp
-- for other equipments 1425kVp 1050kVp
ii) Switching impulse 1050kVp
withstand voltage (dry/wet)
iii) One min. power freq.
withstand voltage (dry/wet)
-- for lines 680kV 460kV
-- for CB / Isolator 520kV 460kV (Line-ground)
610kV 530kV (open terminals)
-- for other equipments 630kV 460kV
Substation Bird’s view
400kV Circuit Breaker
400kV Isolator
400kV Current Transformer
400kV CVT
400kV Surge Arrester
Shunt Reactor & NGR
400/220 kV Auto Transformer
400kV Bus Post Insulator
Wave Trap
Functions of substation equipments
Equipment Function
1. Bus-Bar Incoming & outgoing ckts. Connected to bus-bar
Earthmat layout
Civil layout
Lighting Layout
Single Line Diagram – 220kV
General arrangement layout
Electrical layout
Electrical Section
Control room layout
Control room layout
Structural layout
Earthmat Layout
@
@
@
@
@
@
Civil layout
Erection Key Diagram
4 D T Q B -1 4 D T Q B -1 4 D T Q B -1
4LA
4P3
4W
4W1
4P
4V
4C1
4C2
4SSTM-D
4I1
4I1
4I2
4B
4B
4I
4I
4I
4I
4I
4 D T T M -1 N1 4 D T T M -2 4 D T T M -1
4LA
4LA
4P3
4IC2
4W
4P1
R1
4W1
4W1
4P
4V
4C1
4C2
4SSTM-D
4I2
4I1
4I1
4I2
R2
4B
4B
4I
4I
4I
4I
4LA
R1 R1
4 D T T M -1 4 D T T M -2 4 D T T M -1
4LA
4P3
4IC1
4LA
4P1
4W1
4W1
4P
4V
4C1
4C2
4I2
4I1
4I1
4I2
4SSTM-D
4B
4B
4I
4I
4I
4I
4LA 4 D T T M -1 4 D T T M -2 4 D T T M -1
4P3
4W
4W1
4P
4V
4C1
4C2
4I1
4I2
4SSTM-D
4B
4B
4I
4I
4I
4I
4I
4 D T T M -1 N1 4 D T T M -2 4 D T T M -1
4LA
4I1
4LA
4P3
4IC2
4W
4P1
4W1
4W1
R1 R1 R1
4P
4V
4C1
4C2
4SSTM-D
4I1
4I2
R2
4B
4B
4I
4I
4I
4I
4LA
4 D T T M -1 4 D T T M -2 4 D T T M -1
4I2
4I1
4LA
4P3
4IC1
4LA
4P1
4W1
4W1
4P
4V
4C1
4C2
4SSTM-D
4I1
4I2
4B
4B
4I
4I
4I
4I
4 D T T M -1 4 D T T M -2 4 D T T M -1
4I2
4I1
4 D T Q B -2 4 D T Q B -2 4 D T Q B -2
EW 1 EW 1 EW 1
EW 2 EW 2 EW 2 EW 2 EW 2 EW 2
4 S S T M -D
4 D T T M -1 4 S2 4 S2 4 S2 4 D T T M -2 4 D T T M -1 4 S2 4 S2 4 S2 4 D T T M -2
4 T1 4 T1 4 T1 4 S2 4TM 4 S2
4 S1
4 S1
4 S1 4 S1 4 S1 4 S1 4 S S T M -T 4 S1 4 S1 4 S S T M -D 4 S1
4 S1
4 S1
4 T B SM 4 T B SM 4 T B SM
4 S1 4 S1
4 S1 4 S1 4 S1 4 S1
4 S1 4 S1
4 S1 4 S1 4 I C2
4V 4W 4W R1
4 LA 4P 4I 4I 4 LA 4P3 4I 4I 4P1 4P1 4 I2 4 I1 4B 4B 4 C1 4 C2 4 I1 4 I2
4 S1 4 S1 4 S1 4 I C1 4 I C2 4I
Lighting Design
Adequate lighting is necessary for safety of working personnel and O&M
activities
1. Low initial & ultimate 1. Requires one extra 1. Used for 110kV
cost breaker coupler substations where cost of
duplicate bus bar system
is not justified
2. Any breaker can be 2. Switching is somewhat .
taken out of service for complex when
maintenance. maintaining a breaker
Deflection of Tube
Aeolian Vibrations
Gantry Structure Design
2. Min. 36%
Factor of safety of 2.0 under normal condition and 1.5 under short circuit
condition
spacers
Spacer span Vs Short Ckt. forces
12000.00
CONDUCTOR TENSION PER PHASE IN KG.
10000.00
8000.00
6000.00
4000.00
2000.00
0.00
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
SPACER SPAN IN MTRS.
Earthing Design
FIG-4a FIG-4b
Lightning Protection – Lightning Mast