PlantStruxure™

Vijeo Citect

SCADA
Definition of SCADA

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition

a computer system for gathering and analyzing real
time data.

Used to monitor and control a plant or

equipment in industries such as
telecommunications, water and waste control,
energy, oil and gas refining and transportation.

Source: http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/SCADA.html
Definition of SCADA

A SCADA system gathers information, such as where a leak on a
pipeline has occurred, transfers the information back to a central
site, alerting the home station that the leak has occurred, carrying
out necessary analysis and control, such as determining if the leak
is critical, and displaying the information in a logical and organized
fashion.

Can be relatively simple

such as one that monitors environmental conditions of a small office
building

or complex

such as a system that monitors all the activity in a nuclear power plant
or the activity of a municipal water system.

Source: http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/SCADA.html
SCADA

Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition

Supervisory control

NOT Control

Data acquisition

In real-time

Network
Citect Configuration Environment
Chapter 2
The Vijeo Citect Environment

Divided into two distinct parts:

Runtime System

Configuration Environment

Citect Explorer

Project Editor

Citect Graphics Builder

Cicode Editor

Vijeo Citect Help

System Requirements

Review your hardware requirements if
upgrading from previous versions

Minimum Hardware – False economy

Process Analyst – very intensive

graphics

Standard Business PC has low-end
graphics capability

Windows 95, 98, ME, NT no longer

supported
System Requirements

Operating System

Windows 2000

Windows XP-SP2

Windows Server 2003

Minimum Hardware

Pentium 500MHz

128MB RAM

Preferred Hardware

Pentium 1GHz

512MB RAM
Licensing

Point Count

75, 150, 500, 1500, 5000, 15000, unlimited

1 point = 1 variable tag linked to an external device
that is used in the project

Client Access Licences (CALs)

Full: Server or Display Client

Manager: Read only (not for servers)

Internet Display, Internet Manager

Server-side (floating) licences
Runtime System

The runtime system consists of

Runtime Application

Citect Kernel

Cicode Debugger
Citect Explorer

Automagically starts and
stops Project Editor and
Graphics Builder

Project selection and
management

Backup and Restore

Start other applications
Include Projects

Main Project

CSV_ Include Include

Plant Section #1 Plant Section #2
(XP Style) (Pre V5.5 Objects)

Include up to 240 projects (including system projects)

Any modifications in Citect supplied Include projects
will be overwritten in upgrades

Create your own Include project for cross project
needs
Project Editor

Create and manage the
Vijeo Citect database
containing the
configuration
information for your
Vijeo Citect project

Does not manage
graphics pages

View all Vijeo Citect
project database dbf
records Database files
Cicode Editor

Auto- Indent
Syntax Colouring
KeyWord Case
Managing Projects
Chapter 3
New Projects

Up to 64 characters

Best not to use any special characters:

Forbidden:

“*|\[]:<>?/;‘

Probably bad:

!@#$%^&()+=}{~,

Underscore _ is OK
Clusters and Servers

Every Vijeo Citect project must have an I/O
server, an Alarm, Report & Trend server and a
display client

Even though we are configuring to run on a single
PC, we must still define this cluster
Computer Setup Wizard

Defines Vijeo Citect communications
and PC hardware

Run on each computer running Vijeo
Citect to define its role

Client

Server and Client

Manager Client (no control, full
monitoring)

Set up alarms, reports, trends &

events Controllers

Select options that affect the runtime
application Outside of Citect
computer set-up wizard
 Backup Options

Compiled – unnecessary

increases size of backup

Encryption

Relatively pointless, given
the wide availability of
‘cracking’ tools

Save system files

For support purposes only

Saves Windows config files

Don’t normally use this

Save sub-directories

Yes! (we’ll come back to this)
Backup to Removable Media

Commencing with v6.10, Vijeo Citect no longer
blanks removable media prior to backup!

When the disk or memory stick contains files,
the following additional message appears:
Backup is a Zip File

You can change the

suffix of “ctz” to “zip”
and view the
contents of the
backup
Backup Management

Change Log

Version Control

Be able to back-track
Setting Up
Communications
Chapter 4
Vijeo Citect I/O
Express
Communication
Wizard Vijeo Citect

Vijeo Citect I/O Server

I/O Boards I/O Boards

Ports Ports

Devices
 Communications Database Files

Database files (*.dbf)

Can be viewed in Excel

I/O Server -- scanner.dbf

Boards -- boards.dbf
Ports -- ports.dbf
I/O Devices -- unit.dbf
I/O Device Types

External I/O
Memory I/O Device
Device
Does not retain data

Manufacturer
Specify protocol

Protocol

Address
Disk I/O Device

Specify data file location

Retains data

Specify any protocol

PC memory PC Disk
10101010
10101010
Internal Disk, External I/O Dev

Hit <F2> Key to view

extra options
Click Help for field
information
Structured Tag Names

Area_Type_Occurrence_Attribute

Simplifies maintenance and allows creation of sophisticated genies

Area section identifies a plant area, number, or name – can be omitted if

not needed

Type section identifies the Type of parameter, process equipment, or

control hardware. The ISA standard naming system is recommended

Occurrence section identifies the loop number

Attribute section identifies the attribute or particular parameter that is

associated with the loop

ISA Standards Link

Structured Tag Examples
Variable Tag Meaning
Area
B1_bbb_ccc_dd Boiler 1
B2_bbb_ccc_dd Boiler 2
Type
aa_TIC_ccc_dd Temperature Indicating Controller
aa_FIV_ccc_dd Flow Indicating Controller
aa_VALVE_ccc_dd Valve
Occurence
aa_TIC_101_dd Temperature Indicating Controller 101
aa_FIV_102_dd Flow Indicating Controller 102
Attribute
aa_bbb_ccc_PV Process variable
aa_bbb_ccc_SP Set Point
aa_bbb_ccc_CMD Command Signal
Tag Naming

Up to 79 characters

Do not start names with a digit

Best not to use any special characters:

Forbidden:

*|\[]:<>?/;,“

Probably bad:

!@#$%^&()+=}{~`

Underscore _ is OK

Structured tags allow text string substitution
in genies and super genies

Avoids entering full tag names
Save DBF Macro

Handy to use Excel to
make mass changes or
view multiple records

In c:\Citect\bin is a macro
that you can run and add
in this functionality

Excel will open dbf files
but not save them as
dbf files easily

Must set Excel security
to “low” and restart Excel
Add Tags using Excel

Open
Variable.dbf

Excel opens

Right click &
Save/Close DBF
in C:\temp\ as

variable_new.dbf
The save_dbf Macro

What will it rescue?

Field widths

New records

What can’t it fix?

Resized columns

Deleted columns

Numeric fields

in place of text-numbers
Graphics
Chapter 5
Symbol Sets

Symbol sets

Multiple or sequential graphics indicate change of states

Arrays – change colour with values input

Animation – movement responding to input
 Symbol Set Libraries

From Include Projects

Add your own library

Avoids being overwritten on upgrading Vijeo Citect

Library Name Object Name

Symbol set

Valve_Solenoid up_small_green
. libraries

Duplicate libraries in
multiple projects are
merged
ActiveX Controls

Microsoft standard

Separate component

Developed by Citect
and integrated into
Vijeo Citect

Can be developed
(and supported)
by 3rd parties
ActiveX Controls

ActiveX properties unique
to each control

Insert ActiveX control just
like any other object

Meters

Menus

Calendars

Control Panels
Importing Graphics Images

Create Images from External sources

Import many file types

BMP

DXF

EPS

JPG

PCX

PNG

TIF

WMF
Vijeo Citect
Configuration V7
Day 2
Commands and Controls
Chapter 6
 Slider Controls

Paste Symbol

Designate input variable Tag property

Input wrt the symbol - Physical output in this case

Calculate an appropriate offset size in Pixels

Symbol Slider(vertical)
Touch Commands

Paste Symbol

Designate Input(Touch) command

Designate variable Tag property

Start
Device
Keyboard Commands

Some Vijeo Citect Keys Pre-defined

Define Keyboard Key

Select symbol to be used

Use Input (keyboard commands)
properties

Define function to be performed

Define action Hit F5

Go Backward To go
Forward

Go to Forward
Keyboard Command Levels

Object level

Page level

System Level
 Understanding ArgValue

Citect will refuse to

directly connect
keyboard entry to a
variable tag

ArgValue is an internal
variable which accepts
‘numeric’ keystrokes

Once the operator
presses ‘enter’ the
typed value is copied
to the PLC tag
 User Privileges

By default, privileges are non-hierarchical
(i.e. users with privilege 3 only have access
to commands with classification 3)

Non-hierarchical privileges add flexibility to

your system, especially when used with the
area facility

Hierarchical privileges set by parameter in

citect.ini
8 - Highest

[Privilege]Exclusive = 0

To allocate all privileges, you would only

need to specify privilege 8 1 - Lowest
User Privileges

Part of security
framework

Object Level Access

Users

Also Areas

User Logins
Genies
Chapter 7
Genies

Group together
graphical objects

From standard symbols

Define combined
properties and actions

Provide values or
operations for the tags
What is a Genie?

A group of symbols that can be re-used

Symbol Set Properties

On Symbol TAG | <set when used on a page>
On Symbol | Green_Pump
Off Symbol | Red_pump

Numeric Properties
numeric expression | <numeric expression>
### Format | ### EU

The power of a Genie is that objects are defined only once

Every time you place the Genie onto a page, you will only
have to specify the <substitution> information.
Creating Genies

In Graphics Builder

Do not save in
Include project library

Update task required
to propagate changes
when modified
Substitutions for Genies

You are not restricted to using only variable tags as
substitution strings

Any expression can be substituted, such as
constants or labels

Only fields that accept text can have Genie tag
substitutions
Symbol Set Properties
On Symbol TAG | %status TAG%
On Symbol | Green_Pump
Off Symbol | Red_pump
###
Numeric Properties
numeric expression | %Speed Tag%
Format | ### EU
Substitutions in Genies

You can specify
variables in Genies

Enclose in % .. %
Genie

Define them when variable
%name%
you use them

Genie
variable
%privilege%
Popup Pages and
Super Genies
Chapter 8
Super Genies

Dynamic pages (usually pop-ups), to which you can pass
information when the page is displayed in the runtime system

You can use Super Genies for pop-up type controllers

Control a process, or a single piece of plant floor equipment

Genie controller. Calls a Super Genie
Cicode function, which performs the
substitutions and displays the popup. ON

OFF 80 C
AssWin(sPage, X, Y,
Mode, sTag1..8)
OK
Cicode function within Genie
controller - calls the popup,
Super Genie pop-up
controls where and how it is
controller
placed
Anatomy of a Pop-up Page
Mode
Wintitle()

?1?=1 ON ?1?

?1?=0 OFF 80 C ?2?

Close
OK
WinFree()

AssWin(sPage, X, Y, Mode, dTag1,iTag2)

Super Genie vs Popup Page

Super Genies are transportable

Saved into library as file <sgeniename>.ctm

Popup pages saved as page in project
Substitution in Super Genies

Variable Tags can be substituted at runtime by
enclosing in ? …. ?

?datatype number?

String, Integer, Tag1

Tag1 Tag2 Tag3
Digital, Real
AssWin(sPage, X, Y, Mode, sTag1,sTag2,STag3 …)

Page Name to be X,Y Mode sTag1 convention for

called Co-ord string, iTag for integer etc
Viewing System Pages or Popups

Click on Tools » Options

Check List System Pages

Allows pages beginning with

! to be displayed
HELP - AssWin Modes

0 - Normal page.

1 - Page child window. The window is closed when a new page is displayed, e.g. when the PageDisplay() or
PageGoto() function is called. The parent is the current active window.

2 - Window child window. The window is closed automatically when the parent window is freed with the WinFree()
function. The parent is the current active window.

4 - No re-size. The window is displayed with thin borders and no maximize/minimize icons. The window cannot be
re-sized.

8 - No icons. The window is displayed with thin borders and no maximize/minimize or system menu icons. The
window cannot be re-sized.

16 - No caption. The window is displayed with thin borders, no caption, and no maximize/minimize or system menu
icons. The window cannot be re-sized.

32 - Echo enabled. When enabled, all keyboard echo, prompts, and error messages are displayed on the parent
window. This mode should only be used with child windows (e.g. Mode 1 and 2).

64 - Always on top.

128 - Open a unique window. This mode prevents this window from being opened more then once.

256 - Display the entire window. This mode ensures that no parts of the window will appear off the screen

512 - Open a unique Super Genie. This mode prevents a Super Genie from being opened more than once (at the
same time). However, the same Super Genie with different associations can be opened.

1024 - Disables dynamic resizing of the new window, overriding the setting of the [Page]DynamicSizing parameter.
 Popup Pages

By default,
maximum of 3
concurrent
popup pages

Set ini file

parameter
[Page]Windows
to adjust this
limit
OFS Server
Chapter 9
What is OPC?

Industry standard interface mechanism based on

OLE for extracting or sending data to or from a
SCADA system to another application
OFS Server

I/O Device OFS Server Vijeo Citect

Acts as a gateway between the I/O Device

and the application that wants to read the
values
Vijeo Citect OPC Client

I/O Device OFS Server OPC Client

The software that connects to an OPC Server

is called the OPC Client
OPC Access Paths

Sets up path for the OPC Server to access a

particular item.

E.G. If multiple modems are connected to the

Server, if one modem is faster, we can get the
Server to use this modem by setting up an OPC
Access Path
OPC Access Paths
OFS Server

Chapter Summary

Defined OPC

Set up an OFS Server

Set up an OPC Client

Set up an OPC Access Path
Devices
Chapter 10
What are Devices?

An output mechanism to
deliver data from your Vijeo
Citect system

Can output to

RTF files

Rich text format (Microsoft
standard)

ASCII files

Plain text files Device

dBASE databases

SQL databases

Via database connection driver

Printers
Add New Devices

System | Devices

Period allows monthly,
yearly logging periods

[data] path variable in
citect.ini file

Specifies folder
Device History Files

Define

pathname:filename

File type

No. of files

0 – no files

-1 keep adding to 1 file

n files

Default 10
Events
Chapter 11
Configuring Events

Events can trigger an action, such as a command or set
of commands

An operator can be notified when:

Process is complete

Series of instructions can be executed when process

reaches certain stage

Note: Events do not provide a service with redundancy

If you want to run an event with redundancy, use reports
 Configuring Events

Events must be enabled

for events to run

Use the Citect Computer
Setup Wizard (Custom
setup) to enable Events.

You can process events
on any Vijeo Citect
computer but only one
computer for each event
 Global Events

Events do not need unique
name

Vijeo Citect on a network
and want to run an event
on all computers?

Use GLOBAL for event
name

Run event on specific
computers

Specify an event name

Citect Computer Setup
Wizard (Custom setup)

Specify Vijeo Citect
computer(s) to run event
Cicode Functions Used

Use Citect Help to look up the new functions

Rand(n)

Generates a random number between 0 and a specified
maximum number less one.

Syntax:

Rand(Maximum)

Maximum: The maximum number. This number must be between 2
and 32767 (inclusive).

Sleep(n)

Pauses the current thread for the specified number of seconds

SleepMS(n)

Pauses the current thread for the specified number of milli-
seconds
Entering Cicode

Comment complex Cicode events

64 character limit in action field
Alarms
Chapter 12
Alarm State Diagram

ON UnAck

ON Ack OFF UnAck

OFF Ack
 Alarm Types

Analog
Hardware

High High
Pre-configured in

High Vijeo Citect system

Deviation

Low
Advanced

Low Low
Action on Cicode

Rate of Change program

Digital
Time Stamped

One or Two Tags
Stored with a time
(ANDed) stamp derived from
the PLC
 Alarm Categories

For each category:

Set alarm display details (font and page type)

Logging details (printer or data file)

Action to be taken when an alarm in the category is triggered
(e.g., activating an audible alarm)

Can have an associated priority

Order alarm displays

Filtering for the operator

You can configure up to 16376 alarm categories

16 character names

Category 0 is the default category

Category 254 reserved for user-created alarm summary

Category 255 is reserved for hardware alarms
Standard Alarm Pages

Standard Pages in CSV_Include project

Alarm

All configured alarms

Hardware

Pre-configured hardware alarms

Summary

History of alarm activity from event log

Disabled

Manually-disabled alarms
Alarm Properties as Tags

Alarms can be combined with their
properties to form an Alarm Property Tag

Allows alarms to be fed into graphical pages
to give a visual indication

Alarm_name Property

AlarmName.H
AlarmName.L
Alarm Properties as Tags

Enable the property “Publish Alarm Properties”

on the Alarm Server definition
Creating Alarm Property Tag

Enter

alarm.property

Text to be displayed on given condition

Multi-state

Enter
Alarm.property
Trends
Chapter 13
Displaying Trends

Graphical representation of variable or

Cicode expression

Can move back thru historical data

Display not need to be active

Trend Tags need to be created
Types of Trends

Periodic

A trend that is sampled continuously at a specified
interval (eg every 1 second, every 10 seconds)

Event

A single sample is taken whenever a trigger action
switches on

Periodic Event

Samples are taken according to a predetermined
rate only while a trigger value is true
Trend History Logging
24:00
Sun

Trend Tag

start stop

Sample 1
Sample 2
Sample 4
Sample 5

Sample 3
Sample n

Event
Trend History Management

File growth - rule of thumb

5Mb per month for each 1 second
trend record

Change

Archive and delete existing files
before starting new config

Change file location – move files or
new files created

Security

Perform scheduled backup on old
trend files
Process Analyst
Chapter 14
Configure Process Analyst

Place anywhere on page

Configurable at runtime
Displaying in Process Analyst

Add pens dialog

Adds tags

Analog

Digital

Adds Alarms

Configures Pens
 Analyst View
1. Main toolbar: Contains commands for performing general operations in
the Process Analyst, such as opening views, printing reports
2. Pens: A Process Analyst pen represents your trend and/or alarm data.
The Process Analyst supports three types of pen: analog, digital, and alarm
pen.
3. Panes: Panes are used to group pens visually in the Process Analyst
and are stacked vertically on the Process Analyst display.
4. Chart background: The panes are drawn over the chart background.
Depending on the layout of the pens, the background may be partially
visible
5. Date/time axis: Located at the top of a pane, the date/time axis
displays the date or time (or both) of the data for the primary selected pen
within a pane
6. Vertical axis: Analog pens have a vertical axis on the left-hand side of the
pane to indicate data values.
7. Cursor: A cursor allows an Operator to determine value at a given point
in time by dragging the cursor line to the point required.
8. Cursor labels: Display the value where the cursor intersects the trend
value line
9. Navigation toolbar: Contains commands to allow an Operator to travel
forward or backward through trends, as well as other navigation-related
tasks.
10. Object View: When displayed, the Object View appears under the
navigation toolbar and displays information about your Process Analyst
pens.
Process Analyst vs Trends

“Different but the same!”

Use the same data source (trend tags)

Trend system has instant trends

Trend tags and real tags
 Alarm Display
Clarifier (Digital Alarm)
not in alarm state Silo (Digital Alarm)
HTA (Analog Alarm)
colours represent
HH, H, L & LL

P1A (Advanced Alarm)

P1>=3deg
Colour represents
“in alarm condition”

Unacknowledged
P4A Alarm
P4A Alarm
Acknowledged at
P4A (Advanced Alarm)
this point
P4<=75deg
Cursor & Labels

Click and Drag

labels around
screen to increase
clarity
Process Analyst Properties

Access the Dialog Box

Choosing the ‘show
properties’ button

Right-click on the pane
Reports
Chapter 16
Configuring Reports

Periodic

Triggered

Triggered during a period

System | Reports

Output to a Device

Format in report format file

Report Processing

Define Report format

Device runs report

outputs report to destination
Report
Device Destination

Template
 Viewing Documents

In page based on File template

Use Cicode functions

PageFile()

PageRichTextFile()

DspRichTextScroll(AN,3,5)

DspRichTextPgScroll(AN,3)

3=up, 4=down

5=number of lines to scroll
Security
Chapter 17
Plant Security

What functions Staff groups can do

What functions staff groups can view

Which areas need security

Based on

Privileges at object level (what can be done)

Areas defined in User definitions (what can be seen)

Defaults to Area 0, Privilege 0
Example of Areas and Privilege

Security Scenario

Each operator has responsibility for his own
section of the plant and will be able to see all
areas. They will also be permitted partial control
of adjacent areas

All operators have the ability to shutdown the
plant

Privilege Levels:

1: Primary Plant Control

2: Secondary Plant Control

3: Shutdown Privilege
 Example of Areas and Privilege
Milk Receiving Pasteurisation Bottling
(Area 1) (Area 2) (Area 3)
Viewable: Yes Viewable: Yes Viewable: Yes
Privilege 1: Yes Privilege 1: No Privilege 1: No
Operator 1
Privilege 2: Yes Privilege 2: Yes Privilege 2: No
Privilege 3: Yes Privilege 3: Yes Privilege 3: Yes
Viewable: Yes Viewable: Yes Viewable: Yes
Privilege 1: No Privilege 1: Yes Privilege 1: No
Operator 2
Privilege 2: Yes Privilege 2: Yes Privilege 2: Yes
Privilege 3: Yes Privilege 3: Yes Privilege 3: Yes
Viewable: Yes Viewable: Yes Viewable: Yes
Privilege 1: No Privilege 1: No Privilege 1: Yes
Operator 3
Privilege 2: No Privilege 2: Yes Privilege 2: Yes
Privilege 3: Yes Privilege 3: Yes Privilege 3: Yes
Privilege 1 = Primary Control Privilege 2 = Secondary Control Privilege 3 = Shutdown Privilege
For the Purposes of the Exercise, Areas

We only have one major production area, thus :-

Area 1 will be represented by:

Pasteuriser and all Alarm pages

Visible to Operator, Manager & Engineer

Modifiable by Operator & Engineer only

Area 2 will be represented by:

Utility page (referred to as ‘test area’)

Visible to Manager & Engineer only

Modifiable by Engineer only
For the Purposes of the Exercise, Privileges

Privilege 1 – Main Plant Operation

Turn valves, pumps and other components ON/OFF

Engineer in Areas 1 & 2

Operator in Area 1 only

Privilege 2 – Secondary Plant Operation

Changing analog variable values

Engineer in Areas 1 & 2

Operator in Area 1 only

Privilege 3 – System Commands

System Shutdown & System Info

Engineer in Areas 1 & 2 only

Note - Manager

Has read-only permission in Areas 1 & 2

This could be achieved by installing a manager licence
Configuring Users

System | Users

Represent individuals

Class of Users

To View
F2
 Viewable Areas

Set Viewable Areas

Set Areas for privileges 1-8

Global Privileges

Viewable Areas Areas for Privilege 1-8

 Areas & Privileges

User X

Global Privileges 2 3 4 5 6 7

Area 1 Privileges 2
1 8
Area 2 Privileges 3 5

Area 3 Privileges 7

Area 4 Privileges n/a n/a

Viewable Areas 1,2,3

Runtime Security

Computer Setup Wizard

Control Menu

Title Bar

Start-up ‘Cancel’ Button



Computer Security

<ctrl> <alt> <del> (Task Manager)

<ctrl> <esc> (Start Menu)

Policy Editor