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    tammy_deguzman5223
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    This document provides a schematic diagram of the pathophysiology of acute respiratory failure (ARF) due to an asthma exacerbation in an 82-year-old patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It shows how allergens trigger an immune response leading to bronchospasm, airway constriction, and decreased lung compliance. This causes ventilation-perfusion mismatching, inadequate gas exchange, and ultimately hypoxemia, leading to ARF if not resolved. Complications can include tissue hypoxia, organ damage, and death if not properly treated.

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    This document provides a schematic diagram of the pathophysiology of acute respiratory failure (ARF) due to an asthma exacerbation in an 82-year-old patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It shows how allergens trigger an immune response leading to bronchospasm, airway constriction, and decreased lung compliance. This causes ventilation-perfusion mismatching, inadequate gas exchange, and ultimately hypoxemia, leading to ARF if not resolved. Complications can include tissue hypoxia, organ damage, and death if not properly treated.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Unduh sebagai DOC, PDF, TXT atau baca online dari Scribd
    Tandai sebagai konten tidak pantas
    100 tayangan3 halaman

    Pa Tho

    Diunggah oleh

    tammy_deguzman5223
    This document provides a schematic diagram of the pathophysiology of acute respiratory failure (ARF) due to an asthma exacerbation in an 82-year-old patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It shows how allergens trigger an immune response leading to bronchospasm, airway constriction, and decreased lung compliance. This causes ventilation-perfusion mismatching, inadequate gas exchange, and ultimately hypoxemia, leading to ARF if not resolved. Complications can include tissue hypoxia, organ damage, and death if not properly treated.

    Hak Cipta:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Unduh sebagai DOC, PDF, TXT atau baca online dari Scribd
    Tandai sebagai konten tidak pantas
    dari 3

    PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

    Definition

    ARF is a common life threatening process with myriad causes. It is characterized by failure of oxygenation, or
    ventilation, or both.

    Schematic Diagram

    Predisposing
    Age- 82 years old
    COPD Precipitating
    COPD

    Allergens enter the upper respiratory tract

    Stimulation and activation of B Lymphocytes

    B Lymphocytes produces Immunoglobulin E(IgE)

    IgE antibodies attached to mast cells and basophils in the


    bronchial walls
    Mast cells degranulation

    Mast cells releases chemical mediators of inflammation

    Slow- reacting substance


    Histamine bradykinin prostaglandins
    anaphylaxis ( SRS- A)

    Increase blood flow Increase mucus Chemical Contraction of the


    to the area of insult production mediators induced bronchial smooth
    capillary dilation muscles that encircles
    the airway
    (bronchospasm)
    Edema of the
    Deposition of
    Attraction of WBC airway
    collagen below the
    to the area basement membrane
    Airway constriction
    or
    Fluid shifting from bronchoconstriction
    the vasculature
    and to the alveoli

    Hyperinflation of
    alveoli

    Narrowing of the airway

    Increase work of breathing


    Decreased elastic recoil
    Increase resistance to airflow

    Fatigue of the muscles of


    ventilation
    Ventilation- Perfusion (V/Q)
    mismatch and shunt

    Inadequate exchange of O2 and CO2

    Hypoxemia

    ACUTE RESPIRATORY
    FAILURE

    Recovery
    COMPLICATIONS:
    Tissue hypoxia
    Subsequent organ
    damage
    Chronic respiratory failure
    Tension pneumothorax
    Lobar atelectasis
    Death Pneumonia
    ` Pulmonary edema

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