CONFIDENTIAL*

2x 2 + 4x
1. Show that for all real values of x, the function of y = does not have values
x 2 + 2x − 8
2
between and 2. [5]
9

10 x
2. Solve the equation =3 [6]
1− x

3. Using the definitions of set A = {x : x ∈ A} and set A ' ∈{x : x ∉ A} , prove that
( A ∪ B ) ' = A ' ∩ B ' . Hence, simplify ( A ∪ B) ' ∪ ( A − B ) . [7]

dy
4. Given that tan x = 1 + tan y , find in terms of x and y. Hence show that when
dx
1 1
x = π + δx , y ≈ y 0 +2δx where y 0 is the value when x = π . [7]
4 4

1
2
x2
5. Find ∫
0 1− x2
dx in terms of π by using the substitution x = sin θ [7]

6. Find the distance from the point A(−5 , 6 ) to the line 7 x + y = 21 . Hence find the equation of
the circle with centre A(−5 , 6 ) which touches the line 7 x + y = 21 . Find also the coordinates
of the point of contact. [7]

7. The functions f and g are defined as

f : x  2 ln x , x > 0
g:x x,x ≥ 0
−1
(i) Sketch the graph of f , and give a reason why the inverse function f exists.
−1
(ii) Find f , and state its domain.
−1
(iii) Find the composite function gf and state its range. [8]

b
8. Given that the quadratic equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0 has roots α and β . Show that α + β = −
a
c
and αβ = . [4]
a
Find in terms of α and β the roots of the equation a 2 y 2 − (b 2 − 2ac) y + c 2 = 0 [5]

9. The function f is defined by f : 5 + 3 x 2 − 36 ln( x − 1) and has domain x ≥ 2 .

(a) Determine the value of x for which f is stationary. [4]
(b) The second derivative of f (x) is f ' ' ( x). Find the range of f ' '. [6]

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a 0 b
 
10. a) Given that X =  0 1 0  , find a in terms of b if X is singular. [3]
b 0 a
 
 −1 2 4   13 6 − 8
   
b) If A =  3 1 − 2  and B =  − 17 − 9 10 , find AB
1 4 5   11 6 − 7 
  
Hence , solve the simultaneous equations
13 p + 6q − 8r = −13
17 p + 9q − 10r = −20
11 p + 6q − 7 r = −14 [7]

10 − 17 x + 14 x 2 A B C
11. Express in partial fractions in the form + + .
(2 + x )(1 − 2 x ) 2
2 + x 1 − 2 x (1 − 2 x )2
10 − 17 x + 14 x 2
Hence expand in ascending powers of x until the term in x 2 .
(2 + x )(1 − 2 x )
2

State the range of values of x where the expansion is valid. [10]

x
12. State the asymptotes for the curve y = . Hence sketch the curve. [3]
2+x
Find the area enclosed by the curve, the x-axis and the line x = 1 by using
i) trapezium rule with 5 ordinates
ii) integration
Give your answer correct to 4 decimal places and calculate the percentage error in the
estimation when the trapezium rule is used. [8]

Find also the volume of the solid formed when this area is rotated completely about the
x-axis. [3]

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2x 2 + 4x
1. y=
x 2 + 2x − 8
yx 2 + 2 xy − 8 y = 2 x 2 + 4 x
( y − 2) x 2 + (2 y − 4) x − 8 y = 0 B1
For no real values of x; b − 4ac < 0 2

(2 y − 4) 2 − 4( y − 2)(−8 y ) < 0 M1
4 y − 16 y + 16 + 32 y − 64 y < 0
2 2

9 y 2 − 20 y + 4 < 0
2 2 (9 y − 2)( y − 2) < 0 M1
9 2
< y<2 A1
9
2x 2 + 4x
Therefore for all real values of x, the function of y = does not have values between
x 2 + 2x − 8
2
and 2. A1 [5]
9

10 x
2. = 3
1− x
10 x
= 9 M1
1− x
10 x = 9−9 x
9 x = 9 − 10 x
81x = 81 − 180 x + 100 x 2 M1
100 x −261x + 81
2
= 0 A1
(4 x − 9)(25 x − 9) = 0 M1
9 9
x= or A1
4 25
10 x 9 9
From the equation = 3, x≠ x= A1 [6]
1− x 4 25

3. ( A ∪ B) '
⇒ { x : x ∉ ( A ∪ B) }
⇒ { x : x ∉ A and x ∉ B } B1
⇒ { x : x ∈ A and '
x∈B } '
B1
⇒ { x : x∈(A ∩ B ) } ' '
B1
∴ ( A ∪ B) = A ∩ B
' ' '
B1

( A ∪ B) ' ∪ ( A − B) = ( A' ∩ B ' ) ∪ ( A ∩ B ' ) B1

= ( A ∪ A) ∩ B
' '
B1
= ξ∩B '

= B' B1 [7]

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dy
4. sec 2 x = sec 2 y M1
dx
dy sec 2 x
= A1
dx sec 2 y
1
x = π, tan y = 0 B1
4
dy
δy ≈ ⋅ δx
dx
sec 2 x
= ⋅ δx M1
sec 2 y
 1 + tan 2 x 
=   ⋅ δx M1
 1 + tan y 
2

 1+1 
=  ⋅ δx = 2δx A1
1 + 0 
y ≈ y 0 + δy
∴ y ≈ y 0 + 2δx A1 [7]

5. x = sin θ
dx = cos θ dθ
1 π
2 x2 4 sin 2 θ
∫ dx = ∫ cos θ dθ M1 B1 ( correct limits)
0 1− x2 0 1 − sin 2 θ
π
4
= ∫
0
sin 2 θ dθ A1

1 − cos 2θ
4
= ∫
0
2
dθ M1

π
1 sin 2θ  4
= θ − A1
2 2  0
π 1
= − M1 (substituting) A1 [7]
8 4

6. The distance from A(−5 , 6 ) to line 7 x + y = 21 -----(1)

7(−5) + 6 − 21
d = M1
7 2 + 12
− 50
=
50
= − 50

= 5 2 unit A1

The equation of the circle is ( x + 5) 2 + ( y − 6) 2 = ( 50 ) 2 M1

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x 2 + 10 x + 25 + y 2 − 12 y + 36 = 50
x 2 + y 2 + 10 x − 12 y + 11 = 0 A1
Gradient of line 7x + y =21 is -7
1
Therefore, gradient of line perpendicular to this line is
7
Equation of line perpendicular to this line is
1
y − 6 = ( x + 5) M1
7
7 y − 42 = x + 5
7 y = x + 47
x = 7 y − 47 ------(2)

Substituting (2) into (1) ,

7(7 y − 47) + y = 21 M1
49 y − 329 + y = 21
50 y = 350
y=7
From (2), x = 7(7) − 47 = 2

Therefore, the point of contact is (2 , 7 ) A1 [7]

7. (i)
y f ( x) = 2 ln x, x > 0
2 D1 ( shape )
D1 ( all correct )
1

x
e
1 2 3

−1
Inverse function f exists because f is one to one function. B1

(ii) f ( x) = 2 ln x, x > 0
Let y = 2 ln x
y
= ln x
2
y
e 2 =x M1
x
f −1 : x  e2 ;x∈ℜ A1

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x
−1
(iii) gf ( x) = e 2 M1
x
−1
gf :x e 4 ;x∈ℜ A1
Range {y : y ∈ ℜ } +

A1 [8]

8. ( x − α)( x − β) = 0 M1
x − (α + β) x + αβ = 0 … ( 1 )
2
A1
ax 2 + bx + c = 0
b c
x2 + x + = 0 … (2) M1
a a
b c
Compare ( 1 ) & ( 2 ) ; α+β=− , αβ = A1
a a
a 2 y 2 − (b 2 − 2ac) y + c 2 = 0
(b 2 − 2ac) c2
y2 − y + =0 … (3) B1
a2 a2
b c
From above α + β = − , αβ =
a a
(b − 2ac)
2
b c
2
From ( 3 ) , sum of roots : =   − 2  M1
a2 a a
= [−(α + β)] 2 − 2αβ
= α 2 + 2αβ + β 2 − 2αβ
= α 2 + β2 A1
2
= (αβ ) = α 2 β 2
c 2
Product of roots : 2
M1
a
The roots are α 2 and β 2 . A1 [9]

 1 
9. f ' ( x) = 6 x − 36 =0 M1
 x −1
6 x( x − 1) − 36
=0
x −1
6 x 2 − 6 x − 36 = 0
x2 − x − 6 = 0 A1
( x − 3)( x + 2) = 0 M1
x = −2, 3 x ≥ 2 ∴x = 3 A1 [4]

6 x 2 − 6 x − 36
f ' ( x) = B1
x −1
( x − 1)(12 x − 6) − (6 x 2 − 6 x − 36)(1)
f ' ' ( x) = M1
( x − 1) 2
12 x 2 − 18 x + 6 − 6 x 2 + 6 x + 36
=
( x − 1) 2

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6 x 2 − 12 x + 42
= A1
( x − 1) 2
6( x 2 − 2 x + 7)
=
( x − 1) 2
6[( x − 1) 2 + 6]
= , x ≠1 M1
( x − 1) 2
36
= 6+ A1
( x − 1) 2
Range of f ' ' ( x) , (6, 42] B1 [6]

10. a) X is singular ; X =0
− 0(0 ) + 1(a 2 − b 2 ) − 0(0 ) = 0 M1
a −b = 0
2 2

(a + b )(a − b ) = 0 M1
∴ a = ±b . A1 [3]

 − 1 2 4   13 6 − 8
  
b) AB=  3 1 − 2   − 17 − 9 10  B1
 1 4 5   11 6 − 7 
 
− 3 0 0 
 
= 0 − 3 0  A1
 0 0 − 3 

 −1 2 4 
1 1 
B −1
= − A = −  3 1 − 2 B1
3 3 
1 4 5 

13 p + 6q − 8r = −13
− 17 p − 9q + 10r = 20
11 p + 6q − 7 r = −14

 13 6 − 8  p   − 13 
    
 − 17 − 9 10  q  =  20  B1
 11 6 − 7  r   − 14 

 p  − 1 2 4  − 13 
  1  
∴  q  = −  3 1 − 2  20  M1
r 3  
   1 4 5  − 14 
 − 3
1 
=−  9 
3 
 − 3
 1 
 
=  − 3 A1
 1 
 
∴ The solutions are p = 1, q = −3, r = 1 . A1 [7]
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10 − 17 x + 14 x 2 A B C
11. ≡ + +
(2 + x )(1 − 2 x ) 2 + x 1 − 2 x (1 − 2 x )2
2

10 − 17 x + 14 x 2 ≡ A(1 − 2 x ) + B(2 + x )(1 − 2 x ) + C (2 + x )

2

Substituting x = −2 A = 4 M1
1
Substituting x = C=2
2
Substituting x = 0 B = 1 A1 (any 2 correct)
10 − 17 x + 14 x 2
4 1 2
≡ + + A1
(2 + x )(1 − 2 x ) 2
2 + x 1 − 2 x (1 − 2 x )2

4
= 4(2 + x )
−1
2+ x
−1
 1  x
= 4 1 + 
 2  2
  x  (− 1)(− 2 )  x  
2
= 2 1 + (− 1)  +   + ... M1
 2 2! 2 
2
x
=2−x + + ... A1
2
expansion is valid for x < 2

(1 − 2 x )−1 = 1 + (− 1)(− 2 x ) + (− 1)(− 2) (− 2 x )2 + ... M1

2!
= 1 + 2 x + 4 x 2 + ... A1

2(1 − 2 x )
−2 
= 21 + (− 2 )(− 2 x ) +
(− 2)(− 3) (− 2 x )2 + ...

 2! 
= 2 + 8 x + 24 x + ...
2
A1

1
Both expansions are valid for x <
2

10 − 17 x + 14 x 2 x2
= 2−x+ + 1 + 2 x + 4 x 2 + 2 + 8 x + 24 x 2 + ...
(2 + x )(1 − 2 x )2 2
57 2
= 5 + 9x + x A1
2
 1 1
Overall, expansion is valid for x ∈  − ,  B1 [10]
 2 2

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12. Asymptotes x = −2 , y =1 B1

-2 x
1
D1 (shape)
D1 (all correct)

[3]
1
i) h = B1
4
x y B1 (all correct values)
0 0
1 1
4 9 1  1  1  1 1 3 
1 1 Area ≈   0 + + 2 + +  M1
2  4  3  9 5 11 
2 5
743
3 3 =
3960
4 11 = 0.1876 A1
1 1
3

1
ii) Area = ∫ ydx
0
1
x
= ∫ 2 + x dx
0


1 2 
= ∫ 1 −  dx M1
0 2+ x
= [x − 2 ln (2 + x )]0
1
A1
= [(1 − 2 ln 3) − (0 − 2 ln 2 )]
2
= 1 + 2 ln
3
= 0.1891 A1

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0.1891 − 0.1876
% error = × 100
0.1891

= 0.793 % B1 [8]

∫
Volume = πy 2 dx
0
2
1
 x 
= π∫   dx
0 2 + x

2
1
 2 
= π ∫ 1 −  dx M1
0 2 + x

1
 4 4 
0
∫
= π 1 − +
2 + x (2 + x )2
 dx


1
 4 
= π  x − 4 ln (2 + x ) −
(2 + x ) 0
A1

= 0.0448 π or 0.141 A1 [3]

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