BESARAN, SATUAN

DAN PENGUKURAN
ARIF BUDIMAN, M.Si
BESARAN DAN SATUAN
 BESARAN
 BESARAN POKOK DAN BESARAN
TURUNAN
 SATUAN DAN SISTEM SATUAN
 BESARAN VEKTOR
BESARAN ?
 BESARAN POKOK/DASAR?
 BESARAN TURUNAN?
SATUAN?
 SATUAN INTERNASIONAL (SI)
 SATUAN NON INTERNASIONAL (NON
SI)
 BESARAN POKOK/DASAR
LAMBANG
NO. BESARAN SATUAN SI DIMENSI
SATUAN SI
1. MASSA KILOGRAM kg [M]
2. PANJANG METER m [L]
3. WAKTU SEKON s [T]
4. KUAT ARUS AMPERE A [I]
5. TEMPERATUR KELVIN K [O]
6. INTENSITAS CAHAYA KANDELA Cd [J]
7. JUMLAH ZAT MOL mol [N]
BESARAN TAMBAHAN

LAMBANG
NO. BESARAN SATUAN SI DIMENSI
SATUAN SI
1. SUDUT DATAR RADIAN rad -
2. SUDUT RUANG STERADIAN str -
Fundamental Units in
Mechanics
 All things in classical mechanics can be
expressed in terms of the fundamental units:
 Length L
 Mass M
 Time T

 For example:
 Speed has units of L / T (i.e. miles per hour).
 Force has units of ML / T2 etc... (as you will learn).
Length:
Distance Length (m)
Radius of visible universe 1 x 1026
To Andromeda Galaxy 2 x 1022
To nearest star 4 x 1016
Earth to Sun 1.5 x 1011
Radius of Earth 6.4 x 106
Sears Tower 4.5 x 102
Football field 1.0 x 102
Tall person 2 x 100
Thickness of paper 1 x 10-4
Wavelength of blue light 4 x 10-7
Diameter of hydrogen atom 1 x 10-10
Diameter of proton 1 x 10-15
Time:

Interval Time (s)

Age of universe 5 x 1017
Age of Grand Canyon 3 x 1014
32 years 1 x 109
One year 3.2 x 107
One hour 3.6 x 103
Light travel from Earth to Moon 1.3 x 100
One cycle of guitar A string 2 x 10-3
One cycle of FM radio wave 6 x 10-8
Lifetime of neutral pi meson 1 x 10-16
Lifetime of top quark 4 x 10-25
Mass:
Object Mass (kg)
Milky Way Galaxy 4 x 1041
Sun 2 x 1030
Earth 6 x 1024
Boeing 747 4 x 105
Car 1 x 103
Student 7 x 101
Dust particle 1 x 10-9
Top quark 3 x 10-25
Proton 2 x 10-27
Electron 9 x 10-31
Neutrino 1 x 10-38
 Units...
 SI (Système International) Units:
 mks: L = meters (m), M = kilograms (kg), T = seconds (s)

 cgs: L = centimeters (cm), M = grams (gm), T = seconds

(s)

 British Units:
 Inches, feet, miles, pounds, slugs...

 We will use mostly SI units, but you may run across some
problems using British units. You should know how to convert
back & forth.
Converting between different
systems of units
 Useful Conversion factors:
 1 inch = 2.54 cm
 1 m = 3.28 ft
 1 mile = 5280 ft
 1 mile = 1.61 km

 Example: convert miles per hour to meters per

second:
mi mi ft 1 m 1 hr m
1 1  5280    0.447
hr hr mi 3.28 ft 3600 s s
 Dimensional Analysis
 This is a very important tool to check your work
 It’s also very easy!

 Example:
Doing a problem you get the answer distance
d = vt 2 (velocity x time2)

Units on left side = L

Units on right side = L / T x T2 = L x T

 Left units and right units don’t match, so answer must be

wrong!!
 Dimensional Analysis
 The period P of a swinging pendulum depends only on
the length of the pendulum d and the acceleration of
gravity g.
 Which of the following formulas for P could be

correct ?
d d
(a) P = 2 (dg) 2 (b) P  2 (c) P  2
g g
 Solution
 Realize that the left hand side P has units of time (T )
 Try the first equation

2
 L L4
(a) L  2   4 T Not Right !!
 T  T

d d
(a) P  2  dg  (b)
2
P  2 (c) P  2
g g
 Solution

 Try the second equation

L
(b)  T2  T
L Not Right !!
T2

d d
(a) P  2  dg  (b)
2
P  2 (c) P  2
g g
 Solution
 Try the third equatio

L
(c)  T2 T This has the correct units!!
L
T2 This must be the answer!!

d d
(a) P  2  dg  (b)
2
P  2 (c) P  2
g g
 Vectors...
 There are two common ways of indicating
that something is a vector quantity:

 Boldface notation: A


A= A


 “Arrow” notation: A
 Vectors...
 The magnitude (length) of r is found
using the Pythagorean theorem:
r
y
r  r  x2  y 2
x

 The length of a vector clearly does not depend on its direction.

Unit Vectors:
 A Unit Vector is a vector having length 1
and no units U
 It is used to specify a direction
 Unit vector u points in the direction of U û
 Often denoted with a “hat”: u = û

y
 Useful examples are the Cartesian
unit vectors [ i, j, k ] j
 point in the direction of the
x, y and z axes i x
k
z
 Vector addition:
 Consider the vectors A and B.
 Find A + B ?

A A B A B


C=A+B
B
C2 = A2 + B2 + 2AB cos 
 We can arrange the vectors as we want, as long as we
maintain their length and direction!!
 Vector addition using
components:
 Consider C = A + B.

C = (Ax i + Ay j) + (Bx i + By j)
= (Ax + Bx)i + (Ay + By)j
= (Cx i + Cy j)

 Comparing components of (a) and (b): By

C B

 Cx = Ax + Bx A A Bx
Cy = Ay + By
y

Ax
 Vector substract:
 Consider the vectors A and B.
 Find A - B ?
 A – B = A + (-B)
A -B -B

D=A+B

A  A
B

C2 = A2 + B2 - 2AB cos 
 We can arrange the vectors as we want, as long as we
maintain their length and direction!!
VECTOR PRODUCT
 DOT PRODUCT = SCALAR
 CROSS PRODUCT = VECTOR
DOT PRODUCT
 ii=jj=kk=1
 ij=jk=ki=0
 Consider the vectors A and B.
 Find A  B ?
A  B = (Ax i + Ay j) (Bx i + By j) = Ax Bx+ Ay By

 A  B = A B cos 
B

A
CROSS PRODUCT
 ii=jj=kk=0 y
 ij=k
j
 ik=-j
 Consider the vectors A and B. i x
k
 Find A x B ? z

C=AxB
= (Ax i + Ay j) x(Bx i + By j) = (Ax By - Ay Bx) k

 C = A B sin  C B


A